Be able to define personality according to different
perspectives;
Be able to explain what is personality
development;
Be able to discuss the theories about the nature of
personality;
Be able to enumerate the elements that affect
personality according to the varied theories of
personality;
Be able to differentiate between nature and
nurture;
Be able to recall the ‘The Big Five’ traits; and
Be able to synthesize on the agencies that affect
the development of personality
ETYMOLOGY:
the term “personality “ is believed to have been
derived from the Latin word “persona”.
generally defined as the deeply ingrained and
relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling and
behavior
the sum total of individual’s Psychological traits,
characteristics, motives, habits, attitudes,beliefs
and outlooks.
a summation of overt and covert behavior.
the process by which the organized thought
and behavior patterns that make up a
person's unique personality emerge over
time.
Heredity (Nature)
Environment (Nurture)
The Psychoanalytic Theory
of Personality
The Humanistic Theory of
Personality
Trait Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Biological Perspective on
Personality
Behaviorist Theory
developed by Sigmund Freud and
argued that human personality
comprises three elements, the id,
the ego, and the superego.
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
developed the humanistic theory of
personality.
They explained that personality stems
from one’s desire to achieve their
potential and focuses on
psychological growth, free will, and
personal awareness.
Focuses on each individual's potential
and stresses the importance of
growth and self-actualization.
developed by Raymond Cattell, who
argued that a person’s personality is a
series of traits that are stable over
time.
The approach narrows down a
person’s personality to five core traits:
openness, agreeableness,
extraversion, neuroticism, and
conscientiousness.
Gordon Allport organized the
thousands of personality traits into a
hierarchy.
Cardinal traits
Central traits
Secondary traits
Hans Eysenck emphasized that
biological inheritance is the origin of
human traits.
He categorized people as possessing
either extroversion vs introversion,
neuroticism vs stability abd
psychoticism vs socialization.
The social cognitive theory was
developed by Albert Bandura and
described how personality is
developed through social learning
and cognition.
According to the theory, personality is
formed by watching and learning
from others and choosing whether to
emulate their behavior.
focuses on biology’s role, specifically
genetics, in exploring the things that
shape a person’s personality.
According to previous studies,
personality is somehow heritable
meaning that a component of
personality does come from genetics.
states that the environment around
the said person develops a person’s
personality.
The theory basically tries to explain
how personalities are learnt and then
reinforced by the person’s
environment.
