Unitary Method Unitary Method A method in which the value of unit quantity (s first obtained to find the val of any required quantity, ts called unitary method. ue In solving problems on unitary method, we come across two types of variations (4) Direct Variation or Direct Proportion (ii) Inverse Variation or Inverse Proportion DIRECT VARIATION Two quantities a and b are said to vary directly, if the ratio 5 remains constant. EXAMPLES (i) The cost of articles varies directly as the number of articles. (More articles, more cost), (Less articles, less cost) (ii) The work done varies directly as the number of men at work. (More men at work, more work), (Less men at work, less work) SOLVED EXAMPLES EXAMPLE. If the cost of 9 toys is & 333, find the cost of 16 such toys. Solution Cost of 9 toys = % 333. 333 Cost of 1 toy = (5) less toys, less cost] =%37. Cost of 16 toys = (37x16) {more toys, more cost] 592. Hence, the cost of 16 toys is % 592. EXAMPLE2, If 25 metres of cloth costs € 1575, how many metres of it can be bought for® 2016? Solution _ For 1575, cloth bought = 25 m. 25 For €1, cloth bought = =7= m (less money, less clothl. 25 For % 2016, cloth bought = (ier x 2016 }m [more money, more cloth] =32m. Hence, the length of cloth bought for % 2016 is 32 m. 132Unitary Method 133 if 13 metres of a. uniform tron rod w. mn eighs 23.4 kg then what will be the weight of eau 6 metres of the same rod? sgoltfor- Weight of 13 m of rod = 23.4 kg _ 23.4 Weight of 1 m of rod = => kg {less length, less weight]. 23.4 a 6) ke (more length, more weight} = 10.8 kg, Hence, the weight of 6 m of rod is 10.8 kg, Weight of 6 m of rod -( guupes The length of the shadow of a 3-m-high pole at a certain time of the day is 3.6 m. What ts the height of another pole whose shadow at that time is 54 m long? olution If the length of shadow is 3.6 m, height of the pole = 3 m. ithe length of shadow is 1 m, height of the pole = 2m. 6 If the length of shadow is 54 m, height of the pole = (gaxs4)™ = 45m. Hence, the height of the pole is 45 m. EXERCISE 9A If 15 oranges cost = 110, what do 39 oranges cost? If8 kg sugar costs 260, how much sugar can be bought for € 877.50? The cost of 37 m of silk is ¥ 6290. What length of this silk can be purchased for € 4420? Aworker is paid € 1110 for 6 days. If his total wages during a month are % 4625, for how many days did he work? 3. Acar can cover a distance of 357 km on 42 litres of petrol. How far can it travel on 12 litres of petrol? ‘Travelling 900 km by rail costs € 2520. What would be the fare for a journey of 360 km when a person travels by the same class? 7. Atrain covers a distance of 51 km in 45 minutes. How long will it take to cover 221 km? 10, he 2, 13, 4, 15, . If22.5 metres of a uniform iron rod weighs 85.5 kg, what will be the length of 22.8 kg of the same rod? . If the weight of 6 sheets of a paper is 162 grams, how many sheets of the same quality of Paper would weigh 13.5 kg? 1152 bars of soap can be packed in 8 cartons of the same size. How many such cartons will be required to pack 3888 bars? I the thickness of a pile of 16 cardboards is 44 mm, how many cardboards will be there in a pile which is 71.5 cm thick? Ata particular time of a day, a 7-m-high flagstaff casts a shadow which is 8.2 m long, What is the height of the building which casts a shadow 20.5 metres in length at the same moment? 15 men can build a 16.25-m-long wall up to a certain height in one day. How many men Should be employed to build a wall of the same height but of length 26 metres in one day? In a hospital, the monthly consumption of milk of 60 patients is 1350 litres. How many Patients can be accommodated in the hospital if the monthly ration of milk is raised to 1710 tres, assuming that the quota per head remains the same? The extension in an elastic string varies directly as the weight hung on it. Ifa weight of 150 g Produces an extension of 2.8 cm, what weight would produce an extension of 19.6 cm?134 Mathematics for Class 7 INVERSE VARIATION Two quantities a and b are said to vary inversely {f the product ab remains constan,, EXAMPLE 1, EXAMPLE 2, Suppose 0 car covers a certain distance at a uniform speed. Then we ca, for certain that more ts the speed af the car, less Ws the time ‘taken 19% this distance. Mer Thus, speed varies inversely as the lime taken to cover a certain distance, Suppose a given mass of a gas ts subjected to pressure. As the pressure i the volume of the gas decreases. Thus, for a given mass of a gas, pressure varles inversely as its volume, crease, Rule of Inverse Variation Ifaand b vary inversely then the ratio of any two values of a ts equal to the inverse ratio the corresponding values of b. EXAMPLE 1, Solution EXAMPLE 2. Solution EXAMPLE 3. Solution SOLVED EXAMPLES [36 men can finish a piece of work in 25 days, how many days will 15 mentaie to do it? 36 men can finish the work in 25 days. 1 man can finish it in (25x36) days _[less men, more days]. 6} 15 men can finish it in ex) days = 60 days —_ [more men, less days), Hence, the required number of days = 60. A contractor has a workforce of 420 men who can finish a certain piece of workin 9 months. How many extra men must he employ to complete the job in 7 months? To finish the work in 9 months, men required = 420. To finish the work in 1 month, men required = (420x9) Uess months, more men required) To finish the work in 7 months, men required = ae =540 [more months, less men required. Hence, the number of extra men required = (540 — 420) = 120. A garrison of 500 men had provisions for 24 days. However, a reinforcement 300 men arrived. For how many days will the food last now? New strength = (500 +300) men = 800 men. For 500 men, there were provisions for 24 days. For 1 man, there were provisions for (50024) days __[less men, more daysh 500% 24 For 800 men, there were provisions for 800 Jays Le., 15 days. Hence, the food will last now for 15 days. EXERCISE 9B ch? 1. If 48 men can dig a trench in 14 days, how long will 28 men take to dig a similar 'e™ ef 2. 16 men can reap a field in 30 days. How many men must be engaged to reap the $3" in 24 days?Unitary Method 135 4g cows can graze a field in 13 days, How many cows will graze the same feld In 9 days? 16 horses can consume a certain quantity of corn in 25 da i Jame quantity be consumed by 40 horses? vs. In how many days would the 1 can finish a book in 25 days if she reads 18 pages of It fue take to finish it, 'she reads 15 pages every day? every day. How many days will Reeta types 40 words per minute and takes 24 mi friend Geeta has a typing spced of 48 words per min to type the same document? nutes to type a certain document. Her ute. In how much time, will she be able Abus covers a certain distance in 3 hours 20 minutes at an average speed of 45 km/h, H jong will it take to cover the same distance at a speed of 36 kimi ae At the beginning of a month, a factory has enough materials to make 240 tonnes of steel in a month, If 60 more tonnes of steel is to be made that month, how long will the materials last? Acontractor employed 210 men to build a house in 60 days. After 12 days, he was joined by 70 more men. In how many days will the remaining work be finished? int, 210 men can complete the remaining work tn 48 days. Find in how many days 280 men can do tt 10. Amilitary camp has provisions for 630 men to last for 25 days. How many men must be transferred to another camp so that the food lasts for 30 days? 11. Agroup of 120 men had provisions for 200 days. After 5 days, 30 men died due to an epidemic. How long will the remaining food last? Hint. The remaining food is sufficient for 120 men for 198 days. Find out for how many days, the food will be sufficient for 90 men. 12, 1200 soldiers in a fort had enough food for 28 days. After 4 days, some soldiers were | transferred to another fort and thus the food lasted for an extra 32 days. How many soldiers left the fort? | | | EXERCISE 9C OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS. Mark (V) against the correct answer in each of the following: If 4.5 m of a uniform rod weighs 17.1 kg, what is the weight of 12 m of such a rod? (a) 51.2 kg (b) 53 kg (c) 45.6 kg (d) 56 kg Ina map, 0.8 cm represents 8.8 km. How much distance will be represented by 80.5 cm? (a) 805 km (b) 855.5 km (c) 644 km (d) none of these In a race, Raghu covers 5 km in 20 minutes, how much distance will he cover in 50 minutes? (@) 10.5 Jan (b) 12km (c) 12.5 km (d) 13.5 km A garrison of 500 men had provisions for 24 days. However, a reinforcement of 300 men arrived. The food will now last for (a) 18 days (b) 175 days (c) 16 days (d) 15 days 4 d to fill 12 ofa cistern is filled in 1 minute, how much more time will be required to fil the rest of ite 9) 20 seconds —_(b) 15 seconds (c) 12seconds —(d):10 seconds136 Mathematics for Class 7 6. If21 cows eat as much as 15 buffalocs, how many cows will eat as much as 35 buffaloes (a) 49 (b) 56 (c) 45 (d) none of these 7. Atree, 6 m tall, casts a 4-m-long shadow, At the same time a flag pole casts a 50-m4op, shadow. How long is the flag pole? 8 1 {a) 50m (b) 75m (c) 33m (d) none of these 8, 8 men can finish a picce of work in 40 days. If 2 more men join them, the work wilt py completed in (a) 30 days (b) 32 days (c) 36 days (d) 25 days 9. If 16 men can reap a field in 30 days, in how many days will 20 men reap the same feldp 1 (a) 102 days (b) 24 days (c) 25 days (a) 875 days 10. 10 pipes of the same diameter can fill a tank in 24 minutes. If 2 pipes go out of order, how long will the remaining pipe take to fill the tank? 1 (a) 40 min (b) 45 min (c) 30 min (a) 195 min 11. 6 dozen eggs are bought for Rs 108. How much will 132 eggs cost? (a) Rs 204 (b) Rs 264 (c) Rs 184 (d) Rs 198 42, 12 workers take 4 hours to complete a job. How long would it take 15 workers to complete the job? {a) 2hrs40min (b) Shrs12min —(c) 3hrs24min_—(d) 3 hrs 30 min 18. A garrison of 500 men had provisions for 27 days. After 3 days, a reinforcement of 300 men arrived. The remaining food will now last for how many days? (a) 15 days (b) 16 days ©) wt days (d) 18 days 14. Arope makes 140 rounds of the circumference of a cylinder, the radius of whose base is 14 cm. How many times can it go round a cylinder with radius 20 cm? (a) 28 (b) 17 (c) 98 (d) 200 Hint. Let the required number of rounds be x. More radius of the cylinder, less ts the number of rounds. 2 20:14::140:x. Find x. 2 15. A worker makes a toy every = hour. If he works for 7% hours, then how many toys will he make? (a) 22 (b) 18 (© 16 ju 16. 10 men can finish the construction of a wall in 8 days, How many men are added to finist the work in half a day? {a) 160 (b) 100 (c) 120 (d) 150 Hint, Let x men can finish the workin ; day. Then, less days, more men required (indirect). bs 110:x. Find x = : x, Find x = 160. ‘Number of men to be added =(160-10) = 150,a. 2 Ihe cost of 8 loys ts 2192, what will be the 2. oa ee 7. Abus covers a certain distance in 8, Inafort, 120 men had 10. uu. 12. 13, Cia. — ry Maths ry Mathod i TEST PAPER.9 COSt of 14 such toys? A car can cover 270 km in 15 litres of petrol How many kilometres will it cover in 8 litres of petrol? If 15 envelopes cost 211.25, what ts the cost of 29 Such envelopes? 24 cows can graze a ficld in 20 days. How many cows can graze it in 15 days? ‘an finish a piece of 7 , amen pitce of work in 15 hours. In how many hours can 20 men finish it? If; of a cistern is filled in 1 minute, how cistern? hour. How much time will it take for 100 men? B, Mark (/) against the correct answer in each of the following: 8. Ina map, 1 cm represents 8 km. How much distance will be represented by 80.5 cm? (a) 640 km (b) 642 km () 644 km (4) 648 km . If16 men can reap a field in 30 days, in how many days will 20 men reap the same field? (a) 24 days (b) 25 days (©) 10 2 days (a) a75 days 121 cows eat as much as 15 buffaloes, how many cows will eat as much as 36 buffaloes? (a) 45 (b) 49 (0) 56 (a) 54 45 cows can grazea field in 12 days. How many cows will graze the same field in 9 days? (a) 60 days (b) as? days (c) 54 days (4) none of these 6 dozen eggs are bought for € 108. How much will 108 eggs cost? (a) %171 (b) & 162 (c) 153 (a) 180 Fill in the blanks. {) 142 men can dig a trench in 14 days, then 1 man can dig it in ...... days. (ii) If 15 oranges cost % 60, then 12 oranges cost ® ...... . (iii) If 10 metres of a uniform rod weighs 18 kg, then the weight of 6 metres of the rodis ...... kg. (iv) If 12 workers finish a piece of work in 4 hours, then 15 workers will finish it in . min, ' Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F" for false for each of the following: (i) If 10 pipes of the same diameter can fill a tank in 24 minutes, then 8 pipes would fill it in 19 min 20 sec. 1) If 8 men can finish a piece of work in 40 days, then 10 men can finish it in 32 days, (ii!) A tree 6 m tall casts a shadow of length 4 m. At the same time a flag casts a shadow of length 50 m. The length of the pole is 75 m. iv) Ifa worker takes 2 hour to make a toy, then he will make 12 toys in 8 hours. 3