INTRODUCTION
TO PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
LESSON 1
LET’S PRAY!
ATTENDANCE
UNLOCKING OF
WORDS
EYE SO SOFT
ISOTOPE/S
An isotope is one of two or more species of
atoms of a chemical element with the same
atomic number and position in the periodic table
and nearly identical chemical behavior but with
different atomic masses and physical properties.
AMU
AMU stands for Atomic Mass Unit.
The atomic mass unit is a convenient scale for
representing the masses of atoms and
molecules because it allows for easy
comparison of different elements and
compounds.
KEY KNEE THICK
KINETIC ENERGY
is the energy an object possesses
due to its motion.
WHAT IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE?
physical science is the study of the natural world
to understand how things work.
physical science helps us comprehend the basic
principles that govern the physical aspects of
our world.
WHAT IS PHYSICAL SCIENCE?
studies natural world, It
PHYSICAL
is a branch of natural SCIENCE
science that studies
non-living systems
understanding the
physical properties of
matter and energy and Y M
O H
Y
TR CS N
O RT
S I R
the relationships MI YS ST EA E
A ND NC
CHE PH A SCI
between them
PHYSICS
PHYSICAL
deals with the study SCIENCE
of matter, energy,
motion, and the
fundamental forces
that govern the
universe. RY N
M
O H
Y
T ICS O RT
IS YS S
R
T EA E
M A ND NC
CHE PH A SCI
CHEMISTRY
focuses on the PHYSICAL
properties, SCIENCE
composition, structure,
and changes of matter.
It involves the study of
elements, compounds,
Y
and reactions between RY S N
O RT
M
O H
IST SIC R
T EA E
them. HEM
PH
Y S
A ND NC
A SCI
C
ASTRONOMY
explores celestial bodies such as
stars, planets, galaxies, and the PHYSICAL
universe as a whole. SCIENCE
EARTH
SCIENCE
also known as geoscience Y
M
involves the study of the Earth RY S NO H
T IC O RT
IS YS S
R
T EA E
M A ND NC
and its processes.
CHE PH A SCI
NATURAL SCIENCE
The natural sciences are the sciences that seek to
explain the rules that govern the natural world
through scientific methods
Natural science can be divided into two main
branches: life science and physical science. Life
science is alternatively known as biology, and
physical science is subdivided into branches:
physics, chemistry, earth science, and astronomy.
KEY CONCEPT
1. The Big Bang is an expansion of the space.
2. As the universe expands, it cools.
3. The more energetic the particles are, the higher
their temperature will be.
4. The identity of the elements depends on how
many protons it has.
KEY CONCEPT
1. The Big Bang is an expansion of the space.
it has been
growing ever
since its
beginning
with the Big
Bang.
KEY CONCEPT
2. As the universe expands, it cools.
The universe cools as it expands
because it increases, by stretching. This
lowers the momentum of the particles,
which lowers their kinetic energy, which
lowers their temperature, which cools
down the universe.
KEY CONCEPT
3. The more energetic the particles are, the
higher their temperature will be.
which particles are more energetic?
KEY CONCEPT
4. The identity of the elements depends on
how many protons it has.
FROM THE BIG BANG
In the early moments of the Big Bang, the universe
was extremely hot and dense. During the first few
minutes, a process known as nucleosynthesis took
place, leading to the formation of lighter elements.
The temperatures were so high that atomic nuclei
could not hold onto their electrons, creating a hot,
dense plasma of protons (hydrogen nuclei),
neutrons, and electrons.
FROM THE BIG BANG
As the universe expanded and cooled, the
conditions became suitable for nuclear
reactions to occur. Around three minutes after
the Big Bang, the temperature dropped to
about a billion degrees Celsius, and the protons
and neutrons began to combine through
nuclear fusion to form the first light elements.
FIRST LIGHT ELEMENTS
Deuterium (D): Also known as "heavy hydrogen,"
deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with one proton and
one neutron. It was formed in small amounts during
nucleosynthesis.
Nuclear symbol
notation
FIRST LIGHT ELEMENTS
Hydrogen (H): The most abundant element
created during Big Bang nucleosynthesis,
constituting approximately 75% of the primordial
matter.
Helium (He): The second most abundant element,
making up around 25% of the primordial matter.
FIRST LIGHT ELEMENTS
Lithium (Li): Small traces of lithium were
produced during the early stages of the universe.
Beryllium (Be): A small amount of beryllium-7, an
unstable isotope of beryllium, was also formed
during Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
