ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT

16 TENSES

By:

Zahra Tussyta
Nerty Simanjuntak

12 IPA 4

SMA NEGERI 2 TEBING TINGGI

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1. Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is the most commonly used tense form in everyday life. Usually, the
simple present tense is used to express facts, tell an event, or a habit that occurs in the
present.

The formula used to form the simple present tense:

Subject + Verb 1 (Present Form)

-Example of a Positive Sentence (Positive): "They speak Korean very well."

-Example of a Negative Sentence: "They don't speak Korean."
-Example of an Interrogative Sentence (Question): "Do they speak Korean?"

2. Present Continuous Tense

Different from the simple present tense, the present continuous tense is used to tell about
events that are taking place when you speak. Apart from that, this tense can also be used to
talk about plans for the future. For this tense, there is a change in verb form by adding -
ing at the end. One of the time adverbs that is often used in this tense is now.

Formula: Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

An example sentence is as follows:

-Example Sentence (Positive): "She is working on her homework now."

-Example Sentence (Negative): "She is not working on her homework now."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Is she working on her homework now?"
-Example Sentence (To tell future plans): "Mark is moving to a new school next month
3. Present Perfect Tense
Generally, the present perfect tense is the tense for telling about an action or action that is
in progress or has just been completed. Oh yes! Remember that the present perfect tense
tends to place emphasis on the impact of an action that has already been completed. Of
course, this impact must still be felt today.

Formula: Subject + has/have + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)

The following is an example sentence:

-Example Sentence (Positive): "They have seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "They have not seen the movie Spider-Man: No way
home."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Have they seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home?"

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The present perfect continuous tense is used to show an action that was completed at some
point in the past and is still continuing today. How? You can understand it easily, right?

Formula: Subject + has/have + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "I have been thinking about it."

-Example Sentence (Negative): "I haven't thought about it."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Have I thought about it?
5. Simple Past Tense
You're right, simple past tense is the opposite of simple present tense. In this case, the
simple past tense is used to tell about an event, habit, state a fact, or situation that occurred
in the past. This tense uses the second or past form of the verb. Time adverbs commonly
used in this tense are yesterday, two days ago, and many more.

Formula: Subject + Verb II (Past Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "They called their friends yesterday."

-Example Sentence (Negative): "They didn't call their friends yesterday."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Did they call their friends yesterday?"

Through this tense, you can create stories from the past to practice understanding changes
in verb forms. Oh yes, to make it easier to learn past tenses, it is also highly recommended
that you master verb forms in English. In the past tense, the forms most often used are
regular verbs and irregular verbs.

6. Past Continuous Tense

Slightly more complex, according to its function, the past continuous tense is a form of
tense for telling about events that are happening in the past. However, it's not just one, the
past continuous tense can also be used to tell about two events that happened in the past.
So, there is one activity accompanied by another activity.

Commonly used formula: Subject + was/were + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "I was washing my clothes when the phone rang."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "I wasn't washing my clothes when the phone rang."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Was I washing my clothes when the phone rang?"
7. Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense is used to express an event that occurred before a certain time in the
past. Often, the past perfect tense places more emphasis on the fact that something has
happened and not on the duration.

Formula: Subject + had + Verb 3 (Past Participle Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "The girl had cried before her mother came."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "The girl had not cried before her mother came."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Had the girl cried before her mother came?"

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is used to tell about something that happened in the past and was finished at a
certain point in time in the past. In contrast to the past perfect tense, the past perfect
continuous tense places more emphasis on the duration of something's occurrence.

Formula: Subject + had + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "She had been studying math all day."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "She had not been studying math all day."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Has she been studying math all day?"

9. Simple Future Tense

Basically, the simple future tense is used to tell about an event that will occur in the future.
However, apart from that, this tense can also be used to talk about spontaneous future
decisions or express predictions related to the future.

Formula arrangement: Subject + will/be going to + Verb 1 (Present Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "She will come to the cinema tomorrow."

-Example Sentence (Negative): "She will not come to the cinema tomorrow."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Will she come to the cinema tomorrow?

10. Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense is used to tell about an event that will definitely happen in the
near future. In contrast to the simple future tense, the future continuous tense is usually
used to tell about something that will (definitely) happen in the future.

Formula: Subject + will + be + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "He will be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow
morning."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "He will not be playing basketball in the playground
tomorrow morning."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Will he be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow
morning?

11. Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect tense is used to express that there is an action that will be carried out
and completed at a certain time in the future. In simple terms, the use of the future perfect
tense is a form of words to show someone's wishes related to the future.

Formula: Subject + will have + Verbs 3 (Past Participle Form)

-Example Sentence (Positive): "I will have finished my homework by tomorrow."

-Example Sentence (Negative): "I will not have finished my homework by tomorrow."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Will she have finished her homework by tomorrow?
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The future perfect continuous tense is used to express a picture of action that will continue
until a certain point in time in the future. In this case, the action could have started in the
past, present, or future and is expected to continue.

Formula: Subject + will + have + been + Verb –ing

-Example Sentence (Positive): "In December, I will have been working at my company for
one year."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "I will not have been working at my company for one year
in December."
-Example Sentence (Question): "In December, will you have been working at your
company for one year?"

13. Simple Past Future Tense

Past future tense is used to form sentences about the future from the perspective of the
past. Specifically, the past future tense is used to express actions that will be taken, make
predictions, and even make promises in the future while in the past. Generally, this tense is
found in indirect sentences or reported speech.

Formula: Subject + would + Bare Infinitive or Subject + was/were + going to + Bare

Infinitive

See the following example:

-Example Sentences (Positive): "She would forgive you" or "Giselle was going to give one
beautiful bag to her best friend."
-Example Sentences (Negative): "She wouldn't forgive you" or "Giselle wasn't going to
give one beautiful bag to her best friend."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Will she forgive you?" or "Was Giselle going to give one
beautiful bag to her best friend?"

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Generally, past future continuous tense, the function of this tense is to indicate an event
that will occur in the past. However, the events in the story cannot become real because of
one thing or another that happened in the past.

Formula: Subject + would + be + Verb -ing

Examples of past future continuous tense:

-Example Sentence (Positive): "I would have been studying at your house yesterday, but I
didn't because I got sick."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "Anna wouldn't have been dying if she came to the
hospital earlier."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Would you be letting me see your painting?"

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past future perfect tense is used to show an activity that should have been completed in the
past. However, just like the past future continuous tense, this activity was not completed
because of one thing or another that happened in the past. Oh yes! Along with the past
perfect tense, this tense can also be used to make type 3 conditional sentences, you know.

Formula: Subject + would + have + Verb 3

-Example Sentence (Positive): "Mina would have finished her homework if she hadn't
gone shopping."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "People wouldn't have known about BTS if there were no
fans behind them."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Would you have finished your homework before
tomorrow afternoon
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The past future perfect continuous tense is used to explain things or activities that will be,
are being, and have been carried out in the past. Usually, there is more than one time
description in this tense. Note, the past future perfect continuous tense is in the form of
mere assumptions or suppositions.

Formula: Subject + would + have been + Verb -ing

Examples of using the past future perfect continuous tense in a sentence:

-Example Sentence (Positive): "I would have worked in leading companies for six years."
-Example Sentence (Negative): "I would not have worked in leading companies for six
years."
-Example Sentence (Question): "Would you have worked in leading companies for six
years?"