1. List the assembler directives used in 8086 programming and describe the function of any two.
Ans: Assembler Directives are as follows:
1. Segment & ends, 2. End, 3. PROC, 4. ENDP, 5. DB, DW, DD, EQU
DB -Define byte. It is used to declare a byte variable or set aside one or more storage
locations of type byte in memory.
For example, CURRENT_VALUE DB 36H
Tells the assembler to reserve 1 byte of memory for a variable named CURRENT_
VALUE and to put the value 36 H in that memory location when the program is loaded
into RAM.
DW -Define word. It tells the assembler to define a variable of type word or to reserve
storage locations of type word in memory.
B DW 2410H
2. Explain assembly language program development steps.
Ans:
Assembly language program development steps are as follows:
1. Define the problem and constrains: problem can be given in statement or mathematical
expression.
2. Writing algorithm: It is a textual representation. Plan must be developed to solve the problem
and analyse the specification. Problem broken down into series of basic operation.
3. Flowchart: It is the pictorial representation for the proposed solution.
Begin/end I/O Process Decision
Subroutine Connection within flowchart Connector
4. Initializing Checklist: Registers, flags, variables must be initialized properly. Make checklist
of the entire variable, constant, registers.
5. Choosing Instructions: Choosing correct instruction to perform that particular operation.
6. Converting algorithm to assembly language program: After selection of instruction arrange
these instructions in sequence as per algorithm. Convert algorithm into assembly language
program.
