BASICS OF ELECTRICALS s
1. list motor protection devices ?
What are the three 3 main parts of an electric motor?
No matter the type of motor, there are three basic parts: a stator, a commutator, and a rotor
Types of motors
· DC MOTORS. DC motors are electrical motors that convert direct current (DC) electrical
energy into mechanical energy. DC motors can be subcategorized as brushed or brushless.
..
· AC MOTOR. There are 3 types of ac motors: synchronous motor, asynchronous motor
and induction motor. ...
synchronous : Synchronous motors are employed where a precise and constant speed is
required.The higher the accuracy level;, the more suitable these motors are for automation and
robotics
INDUCTION MOTOR: The motor running at an asynchronous speed has the speed of the rotor
lower than the corresponding magnitude of the magnetic field. This type of motor is known as an
electro magnetic induction to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The rotor
construction of these motors is based on two different designs: is known as an induction motor,
and it’s alternately known as an asynchronous motor. An induction motor uses electromagnetic
induction for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. The rotor construction of these
motors is based on two different designs, the squirrel cage and phase wound. Induction motors
are the most commonly used motors as they have a simple construction and high efficiency.
· SPECIAL PURPOSE MOTOR.
The types of special purpose motors include linear induction motor and stepper motor.
Motor protection devices include
· fuses,
· circuit breakers,
· overload relays, differential protection relays, and reverse rotation protection relays.
2. difine thier differnce
A. A circuit breaker is an electrical safety device designed to protect an electrical circuit from
damage caused by current in excess of that which the .Circuit breakers are typically intended for
overcurrent protection, while relays can provide both overcurrent and overvoltage protection. a
circuit breaker is an equipment which can open or close a circuit under all conditions viz. no-
load, full load and fault conditions.
B. A fuse is a short piece of wire or thin strip which melts when excessive current flows through
it for sufficient time. It is inserted in series with the circuit to be protected.
C. A relay is a device which detects the fault and supplies information to the breaker for circuit
interruption.The function of a protective relay is to initiate a signal to circuit breakers for
disconnecting the elements of the power system when it develops a fault.
When a fault occurs the relay contacts are closed and the trip coil of the circuit breaker is
energized to open the contacts of the circuit breaker
Type Characteristics
· Solid State No moving parts, fast response, high reliability
· Hybrid Combines electromechanical and solid state
features
· Thermal Protects against overload, based on the heating
effect
· Reed Fast switching, high isolation
1. What is a differential protection relay?
Differential relay is very commonly used relay for protecting transformers and generators
from localised faults. Differential relays are very sensitive to the faults occurred within
the zone of protection but they are least sensitive to the faults that occur outside the
protected
2. What is an overload protection relay?
Overload relays cut off current to the motor when a high-current situation develops due to
a ground fault, short circuit, phase failure, or mechanical jamming. They are an
inexpensive way of avoiding downtime for repair or replacement of failed motors from
excessive current.
What are 2 types of overload relays?
Overload relays are typically one of two types: thermal relays or electrical relays. The
overload mechanism inside thermal relays consists of a bimetallic strip in conjunction
with a heating element.
3. What is reverse protection relay?
Reverse Power Relay is a directional protective relay that prevents/protect the generator from
motoring effect (going to reverse direction). It is used where generator runs in parallel with other
utility or generator
3. How do you select the appropriate overload protection for a motor?
Overload protection is a vital component of any motor control circuit, as it prevents damage to
the motor and the circuit from excessive current, heat, or mechanical stress. However, choosing
the right type and size of overload protection can be tricky, as there are many factors to
consider, such as the motor characteristics, the load characteristics, the environmental
conditions, and the safety standards. In this article, you will learn how to select the appropriate
overload protection for a motor, using a simple four-step process
Step 1: Determine the motor full-load current
Step 2: Choose the overload protection device
Step 3: Size the overload protection device
Step 4: Adjust the overload protection device
step 5: Here’s what else to consider
4.What are the three types of motor controllers?
Types of motor controller
4. Motor starters.
5. Reduced voltage starters.
6. Adjustable-speed drives.
7. Intelligent controllers.
5. What are the three major motor control systems?
· classes of control systems
Three classes of control systems that differ in the way they use sensory input appear to control
motor function. They are open-loop control, closed-loop feedback control, and closed-loop feed
forward control.
Three basic types of control systems are available to executives: (1) output control, (2)
behavioral control, and (3) clan control. Different organizations emphasize different types of
control, but most organizations use a mix of all three types.
· TYPES OF CIRCUIT CONTROL DEVICES
Circuit control devices have many different shapes and sizes, but most circuit control devices are
either SWITCHES, SOLENOIDS(A solenoid is a type of electromagnet formed by a helical coil
of wire whose length is substantially greater than its diameter, which generates a controlled
magnetic fieldThe main use of solenoid is as a switch for power. They are used in inductors,
valves, antennas, et), or RELAYS(A relay is an electrically operated switch and Relays are often
used to protect large electrical systems from overloads,).
· What are the three basic types of controllers?
There are three basic types of controllers: on-off, proportional and PID. Depending upon the
system to be controlled, the operator will be able to use one type or another to control the
process.
On/Off switch control is one of the simplest methods for controlling temperature. The basis of
this style of control is that full power is supplied to the system until the desired setpoint is
reached. Once the pressure feedback reaches and surpasses the setpoint, the power is completely
turned off to the heater.
PID (proportional integral derivative) controllers use a control loop feedback mechanism to
control process variables and are the most accurate and stable controller.
NB:What Is The Difference Between On-Off Control and Proportional Control?
A proportional controller output isn’t just on or off. Its output can be adjusted to any value
between 0% and 100% of power.Just as with on-off control, the control direction is important.
Reverse or inverse acting changes the output from 100% to 0% as the process rises if heating.
Direct acting would go from 0% to 100% if cooling.When correctly tuned, the controller can
adjust its output to match the power that is required to keep the process stable at the setpoint.
This is something an On-Off controller cannot achieve
