HKDSE Chemistry – A Modern View

Part I Planet Earth

Chemistry: Chapter 3 Oceans

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 3 Oceans

Sections 3.1−3.2
|!|EMA010303001O|!|
Which of the following substances can be found in a sample of sea water?
(1) Sodium chloride
(2) Calcium chloride
(3) Magnesium chloride
A. (1) and (2)only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##D##

Section 3.3
|!|EMA010303002O|!|
Which of the following statements concerning a saturated salt solution is correct?
A. The amount of salt dissolved in the solvent is maximum at a particular
temperature.
B. The boiling point of the solution is lower than 100°C.
C. Salt in the solution can be extracted by filtration.
D. The solution is so concentrated that it forms crystals at room temperature
quickly.
□
##A B is false as the boiling point of impure water (containing dissolved salts) is
higher than 100°C. Salts in a saturated solution cannot be extracted by filtration as
filtration can only separate large and insoluble particles from a solution. D is false as
crystals form slowly from a hot saturated solution at room conditions. Fast crystal
formation requires rapid cooling.##

|!|EMA010303003O|!|
A student wants to prepare a crystal of sodium chloride. He/she first heats a solution
of sodium chloride to boil some water away. Which of the following procedures can
be used to check whether the solution is concentrated enough for crystallization?
A. Taste the solution to see if it is salty enough.
B. Observe if the colour of the solution is milky.

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C. Dip a glass rod into the solution, take it out to see if small crystals appear on
the rod.
D. Measure the volume of the solution to see if it is half of the initial volume.
□
##C The small drop of solution at the tip of the glass rod will cool down rapidly. A
cold solution can hold less amount of solute than a hot solution. Sodium chloride can
crystallize out rapidly.##

|!|EMA010303004O|!|
Which of the following purposes of crystallization is correct?
A. To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
B. To obtain water from an aqueous solution.
C. To purify solids.
D. To purify the solution.
□
##C##

|!|EMA010303005O|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to remove the insoluble impurities, such
as mud, from a sample of sea water?
A. Evaporation
B. Filtration
C. Crystallization
D. Electrolysis
□
##B The tiny holes on a filter paper only allow dissolved solutes and very small
particles to pass through, large and insoluble particles are left on the paper as
residue.##

|!|EMA010303006O|!|
A student places some sea water on a watch glass and heats the sample with a
steam-bath. Which of the following would be observed after 20 minutes?
A. Black solids appear and float on the surface of sea water.
B. The sea water becomes milky.
C. The volume of the sea water increases.
D. White powder is left on the watch glass.
□
##D Sea water contains water-soluble sodium chloride. Warming sea water makes

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water evaporate and white powder of sodium chloride is left on the watch glass. ##

|!|EMB010303007O|!|
Which of the following statements about filtration is correct?
A. It can separate a soluble solute from its solution.
B. The solid left on the filter paper after filtration is called residue.
C. The substance to be filtered is called filtrate.
D. Filtration is an effective way to purify a solid.
□
##B Filtrate is the liquid collected after filtration. Filtration cannot separate soluble
impurities or very small particles of insoluble impurities from a substance. Filtration
can only give a rough separation but not to purify a solid.##

|!|EMA010303008O|!|
A large amount of sodium chloride is found in sea water. Which of the following
methods can be used to extract pure water from sea water?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Crystallization
D. Sublimation
□
##B As water has a lower boiling point than other substances in sea water,
distillation can be used. Filtration separates only large solids from a liquid. Sodium
chloride is soluble in water, and therefore filtration cannot be used. Crystallization
only gives crystals of sodium chloride. The liquid left is not pure water. Sublimation
is only used when the substance to be isolated can sublime (change to gaseous state
directly from solid without going through the liquid state). Water cannot sublime. ##

|!|EMA010303009O|!|
A student places a glass of salt water on a table under room conditions. After a long
period of time, the salt water
A. becomes more salty.
B. turns white.
C. becomes clearer.
D. has no change.
□
##A As water is evaporating, the concentration of salt water increases with time,
and the salt water becomes more salty.##

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|!|EMA010303010O|!|
Sea water was once a source of drinking water in Hong Kong, because
A. sea water contains minerals that are good for our health.
B. water can be distilled out from the sea water.
C. the salinity of sea water at that time was so low that sea water could be used
as drinking water.
D. the taste of sea water matched people’s preference at that time.
□
##B Distillation of sea water produces distilled water for drinking. However, the
cost of distillation is very high. Thus, the operation lasted a short time and Hong
Kong bought water from Mainland China instead. ##

|!|EMB010303011O|!|
Sodium chloride crystals are usually prepared from a hot concentrated sodium
chloride solution because
A. hot water evaporates continuously and finally salt crystals are formed.
B. the solubility of sodium chloride in water decreases when the temperature
drops.
C. sodium chloride absorbs water to form crystals at high temperature.
D. hot water enhances the bonding between sodium and chloride ions.
□
##B The solubility of sodium chloride in water decreases when the temperature
drops. Hence, water cannot hold all of its dissolved solute, and extra solute separates
out as crystals.##

|!|EMB010303012O|!|
Anti-bumping granules are added in the set-up of distillation. This is to ensure that
(1) substances evaporate at their corresponding boiling points.
(2) higher purity of distillate can be obtained.
(3) cooling effect is better.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
□
##B Anti-bumping granules prevent vigorous movement of the boiling solution,
therefore unvaporised solution will not spill out to the collection vessel. Otherwise,

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the solution may contaminate the distillate.##

|!|EMA010303013O|!|
Which of the following arrangements enhances the cooling effect of Liebig condenser
in a distillation set-up?
A. Water remains stagnant in the Liebig condenser.
B. Water runs downwards across the Liebig condenser.
C. Water runs upwards across the Liebig condenser.
D. Water runs up and down repeatedly across the Liebig condenser.
□
##C##

|!|EMB010303014O|!|
Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Sodium chloride is the most abundant mineral in sea water.
(2) Pure sodium chloride could be removed from sea water by distillation.
(3) The composition of sodium chloride in sea water may vary slightly according to
the location and depth of the sea.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B Pure sodium chloride has to be removed by crystallization after filtration.##

|!|EMB010303015O|!|
When sea water is heated in an evaporating dish,
(1) sodium chloride crystals would remain on the evaporating dish.
(2) water is removed during evaporation.
(3) impurities could not be removed.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##C Sodium chloride crystals could only be formed by evaporation under room
temperature.##

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|!|EMA010303016O|!|
Which of the following apparatus is NOT required during the filtration of sea water?
A. Filter funnel
B. Glass rod
C. Liebig condenser
D. Filter paper
□
##C##

|!|EMB010303017O|!|
Which of the following statements concerning the distillation of sea water in school
laboratory is INCORRECT?
(1) A Liebig condenser could be inserted to remove impurities.
(2) Pure water could be obtained in the receiver test tube.
(3) The distillate could turn anhydrous copper(II) sulphate white.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##B (1) A Liebig condenser is used to condense water vapour to liquid. (2) Pure
water is obtained at the bottom of the receiver test tube. (3) The distillation turns
anhydrous copper (II) sulphate blue.##

Section 3.4
|!|EMA010303018O|!|
Calcium compounds
A. gives a brilliant golden yellow flame in the flame test.
B. turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink.
C. produces a ‘pop’ sound with a burning splint.
D. none of the above is correct.
□
##D Sodium compounds produce a golden yellow flame instead of calcium
compounds.##

|!|EMA010303019O|!|
The element sodium is usually found in fireworks, since
A. sodium is an essential substance to ignite fireworks.

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B. sodium burns with a golden yellow flame.

C. sodium makes fireworks explode violently.
D. burning sodium gives the sound of explosion.
□
##B##

|!|EMB010303020O|!|
Steps of a flame test for sodium are shown below.
(1) Heat the platinum wire with a small, non-luminous Bunsen flame.
(2) Dip the tip of the platinum wire into concentrated hydrochloric acid.
(3) Dip the tip of the platinum wire into the sample under test.
(4) Put the tip of the platinum wire at the lower part of the Bunsen flame.
Which of the following sequences to perform a flame test is correct?
A. (4)→(2)→(3)→(1)→(2)
B. (2)→(4)→(2)→(3)→(1)
C. (2)→(1)→(2)→(3)→(4)
D. (3)→(2)→(4)→(2)→(1)
□
##C##

|!|EMA010303021O|!|
Which of the following is the flame colour of sodium chloride?
A. Golden yellow
B. Greenish yellow
C. Lilac
D. Brick-red
□
##A##

|!|EMA010303022O|!|
Which of the following combinations about the flame colours of metals is
INCORRECT?
Metal Flame colour
A. Calcium Brick-red
B. Sodium Golden yellow
C. Potassium Orange
D. Copper Bluish green
□

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##C Flame colour for potassium should be lilac.##

|!|EMA010303023O|!|
Which of the following elements can be identified easily by flame test?
A. Phosphorus
B. Calcium
C. Chlorine
D. Sulphur
□
##B Calcium gives a brick-red flame in the flame test.##

|!|EMA010303024O|!|
When acidified silver nitrate solution is added to magnesium chloride solution, a
white precipitate is formed. The white precipitate is
A. magnesium nitrate.
B. silver chloride.
C. silver metal.
D. magnesium metal.
□
##B##

|!|EMA010303025O|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to test for the presence of chloride ions
in sea water?
A. Heat the sea water to see if white residue forms.
B. Add acidified silver nitrate solution to sea water, and see if white precipitate
forms.
C. Add oil to sea water to see if two liquid layers form.
D. Heat sea water to detect the smell of chlorine.
□
##B Silver ions react with chloride ions to form silver chloride, which is a white
precipitate. Interference of other ions is stopped by the acidic medium.##

|!|EMA010303026O|!|
Which of the following is NOT a correct coloration in the flame test?
Metal ion Flame colour
A. Sodium Brilliant golden yellow

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B. Calcium Brick-red
C. Potassium Brown
D. Copper Bluish green
□
##B##

Section 3.5
|!|EMA010303027O|!|
Which of the following statements about sea water is correct?
A. It turns a dry pink cobalt chloride paper blue.
B. It turns a dry blue cobalt chloride paper pink.
C. It turns a moist pink cobalt chloride paper blue.
D. It turns a moist blue cobalt chloride paper pink.
□
##B##

|!|EMB010303028O|!|
Which of the following statements about water is INCORRECT?
A. It turns white anhydrous calcium sulphate blue.
B. It turns dry cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink.
C It boils at 100oC under room conditions.
D. It can dissolve sodium chloride solid.
□
##A Water can turn white anhydrous copper(II) sulphate blue, but not calcium
sulphate.##

|!|EMB010303029O|!|
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
(1) If a sample turns dry cobalt chloride paper pink, the sample is pure water.
(2) If a sample contains chloride ions, effervescence occurs when excess dilute nitric
acid and silver nitrate is added to the sample.
(3) In a flame test, dilute hydrochloric acid is used to moisten the platinum wire.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□

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##D (1) Even impure water can turn dry cobalt chloride paper pink. (2) White
precipitate is formed if chloride ions are present. (3) Concentrated hydrochloric acid
is used to moisten the platinum wire in a flame test.##

Section 3.6
|!|EMA010303030O|!|
Which of the following substances is NOT one of the major products in the
electrolysis of brine?
A. Potassium hydroxide
B. Chlorine
C. Hydrogen
D. Sodium hydroxide
□
##A##

|!|EMB010303031O|!|
Electrolysis of sea water gives sodium hydroxide. Which of the following are the uses
of this product?
(1) Making soaps
(2) Neutralizing acids
(3) Making paper
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##D Sodium hydroxide and fat from plants or animals are the raw materials for
soaps. Aqueous sodium hydroxide is alkaline, so it can neutralize acid. Sodium
hydroxide can be used to make paper.##

|!|EMB010303032O|!|
Chlorine is a product from the electrolysis of sea water. Which of the following is/are
the use(s) of it?
(1) To make bleach
(2) To make fertilizers
(3) To kill germs
A. (1) only
B. (2) only

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C. (1) and (3) only

D. (2) and (3) only
□
##C##

|!|EMB010303033O|!|
Hydrogen is a product from electrolysis of sea water. Which of the following are the
uses of hydrogen?
(1) Manufacture of hydrochloric acid
(2) Manufacture of nitrogenous fertilizers
(3) Fuels for space shuttles
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3)only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##D Liquefied hydrogen can be used as a fuel in space shuttles.##

|!|EMA010303034O|!|
Hydrogen is a product from the electrolysis of sea water. Hydrogen is regarded as a
clean fuel because
A. it gives a colourless product after burning.
B. burning hydrogen forms product that can be cleaned easily.
C. the residue of burnt hydrogen has cleansing power.
D. the product after burning does not cause pollution.
□
##D When burning, hydrogen reacts with oxygen in air to form water, which causes
no pollution to the environment.##

|!|EMB010303035O|!|
Which of the following statements is correct?
(1) Electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution produces hydrogen, chlorine and
sodium hydroxide.
(2) Sodium hydroxide produced through electrolysis could be used in aluminium
extraction.
(3) Chlorine produced through electrolysis could be used to produce solvents.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only

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C. (2) and (3) only

D. (1), (2) and (3)
□
##C Electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution would produce hydrogen and
oxygen as major product instead.##

|!|EMA010303036O|!|
What are the main products of electrolysis of sea water?
A. Sodium and chlorine
B. Sodium hydroxide and chlorine
C. Sodium, chlorine and hydrogen
D. Sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen
□
##D##

Each question below consists of two separate statements. Decide whether each of
the two statements is true or false; if both are true, then decide whether or not
the second statement is a correct explanation of the first statement. Then select
one option from A to D according to the following table:

A. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is a correct explanation
of the 1st statement.
B. Both statements are true and the 2nd statement is NOT a correct
explanation of the 1st statement.
C. The 1st statement is false but the 2nd statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.

Sections 3.1−3.3
|!|EMA010303037O|!|
Sodium chloride is insoluble in water. Sodium chloride can be separated from
its aqueous solution by filtration.
□
##D##

|!|EMB010303038O|!|
In distillation, the pure liquid that In distillation, the solid left behind is
obtained is called filtrate. called the residue.
□

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##C The pure liquid that distils out is called distillate.##

|!|EMB010303039O|!|
A water desalting plant is built to Pure water is separated out from sea
obtain fresh water from sea water. water in the desalting plant.
□
##A##

|!|EMA010303040O|!|
Common salt can be separated from Insoluble substances can be removed
sea water by filtration. from sea water by filtration.
□
##C Common salt is separated by evaporation.##

|!|EMA010303041O|!|
For the distillation of sea water, the This prevents the distillate from
end of the receiver adaptor should be back-flowing.
placed above the distillate.
□
##A##

|!|EMA010303042O|!|
Pure crystals of sodium chloride could The sea water becomes more
be separated out by crystallization concentrated and eventually saturated if
after filtering impurities. it is allowed to evaporate slowly.
□
##A##

|!|EMB010303043O|!|
A saturated solution must be a A saturated solution is one in which
concentrated solution. the solvent has dissolved the
maximum amount of the solute it
can at that temperature.
□
##C##

Section 3.4
|!|EMA010303044O|!|

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The presence of sodium in a substance Sodium compounds give a golden

can be identified by the flame test. yellow flame in the flame test.
□
##A##

|!|EMA010303045O|!|
Silver chloride appears as a white Silver chloride is insoluble in water.
precipitate in aqueous solution.
□
##A##

Section 3.5
|!|EMB010303046O|!|
Pure water can be obtained from sea Pure water has a lower boiling point
water by crystallization. than that of sea water.
□
##C Pure water can be obtained from distillation. Water vapour formed is
condensed back to liquid and collected.##

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