STATUS OF THE OYSTER BUSINESS IN CAVITE AS ASSESSED BY

SELECTED RESIDENTS OF BACOOR CITY:

BASIS FOR A MARKETING PLAN

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

the faculty of the College Department

ISHRM School System – Habay, Bacoor, Cavite

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

Alvarez, Joven

Feliciano, Marielle

Lopez, Vialyn

May 2024
 ii

ABSTRACT

Title : STATUS OF THE OYSTER BUSINESS IN CAVITE AS

ASSESSED BY SELECTED RESIDENTS OF

BACOOR CITY: BASIS FOR A PROPOSED

MARKETING PLAN

Author : JOVEN ALVAREZ, MARIELLE FELICIANO, VIALYN

LOPEZ

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Hotel Management

Date of Completion : April 2024

This study has investigated on the assess the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City.

Specifically, it sought answers of the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender;

1.3. Occupation; and

1.4. Address?

2. How did the respondents assess the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City in terms of the

following:

2.1. Product;
 2.2. Price;
iii
2.3. Place; and

2.4. Promotion?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the assessments of the

respondents regarding of oyster’s business in Bacoor, Cavite and their

profile?

4. Is there a significant difference in the responses of the respondents when

group according to their demographic profile?

5. Based on finding, what marketing plan could be proposed?

This study utilized the descriptive research method. This research design

is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena

to describe “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

Since the events or conditions have already occurred or existed, relevant

variables are merely selected for an analysis of their relationship.

Findings

The following findings were drawn from the investigation:

1. The data showed that out of 50 respondents, 32 percent or 16 of them

ages 26-40 years old, while 28 percent or 14 of them ages 56-60 years old, 26

percent or 13 of them ages 18-25 years old, and the remaining 14 percent or 7 of

them ages 41-55 years old.

 As to gender, 56 percent or 28 of them are male, while 44 percent or 22 of
iv
them are female.

As to occupation, 38 percent or 19 of them were employed, while 36

percent or 18 of them were unemployed, 16 percent or 8 of them self-employed,

and the remaining 10 percent or 5 of them were retired.

As to address, 12 percent or 6 of them were from Alima, while 12 percent

or 6 of them were from Digman, also 12 percent or 6 of them were from Kaingin,

another 12 percent or 6 of them were from Maliksi, 12 percent or 6 of them were

from Sineguelasan, 10 percent or 5 of them were from Banalo, 10 percent or 5 of

them as well were from Tabing-Dagat, also 10 percent or 5 of them were from

Talaba, and the remaining 10 percent or 5 of them were from Zapote.

2. As to price, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in

Terms of Price.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: the current price of oysters in Bacoor is fair (3.54), cycling tourism as an

alternative way to avoid crowded commutes (3.32), the cost of production

significantly impacts the final price of oysters (3.50), the price of oysters

fluctuates significantly throughout the year (3.48), the price of oysters in Bacoor

is competitive with other areas (3.44), and higher quality oysters are priced

appropriately in Bacoor (3.38).

v

As to product, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.49) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in

Terms of Product.

Specifically, the respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: the freshness of oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory (3.56), there is a

sufficient supply of oysters to meet customer demand in Bacoor (3.56), there is

a variety of oyster sizes available in Bacoor (3.48), Bacoor offers different types

of oysters (e.g., tahong, talaba) (3.44), and the quality of oysters in Bacoor is

consistently good (3.40).

As to place, over-all, findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.40) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of

Place.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: there are enough vendors selling oysters in Bacoor (3.52), innovations in

technology and farming practices contribute positively to risk mitigation in the

oyster business in Bacoor, Cavite (3.42), the accessibility of oyster vendors in

Bacoor is convenient (3.36), the cleanliness of areas selling oysters in Bacoor is

satisfactory (3.36), and the storage facilities for oysters in Bacoor are adequate

(3.34).

As to promotion, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in

Terms of Promotion.
 vi

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: promotional efforts effectively target the intended customer base for

oysters in Bacoor (3.54), social media is a widely used platform for promoting

oysters in Bacoor (3.48), oyster vendors in Bacoor effectively advertise their

products (3.46), the current promotions accurately represent the quality and

value of oysters in Bacoor (3.44), and there are enough promotional activities to

increase oyster sales in Bacoor (3.42).

3. The findings revealed that the age is negatively low correlated with the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

(r = -0.01) and the relationship is not significant since the computed t-value of

0.48 is less than the computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of

significance and 48 degree of freedom.

Gender is negatively low correlated with the assessments of the

respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = -0.03) and the

relationship is not significant since the computed t-value of 1.44 is less than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

Occupation is positively low correlated with the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = 0.12) and the

relationship is significant since the computed t-value of 5.80 is greater than the
computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

Address is positively moderate correlated with the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = 0.32) and the

relationship is significant since the computed t-value of 16.21 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

4. There is a significant difference in the significant difference in the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

when grouped according to age since the computed F-value of 40.24 is greater

than the computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 3 and 46 degree of freedom and

0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to age is rejected. This

implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to age differ significantly.

As to gender, there is a significant difference in the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped

according to gender since the computed t-value of 26.45 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 48 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of

significance.
 viii

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to gender is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to gender differ significantly.

As to occupation, there is a significant difference in the assessments

of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped

according to occupation since the computed F-value of 33.60 is greater than the

computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 3 and 46 degree of freedom and 0.05 level

of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to occupation is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to occupation differ significantly.

As to address, there is a significant difference in the assessments of

the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped

according to Address since the computed F-value of 194.93 is greater than the

computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 8 and 41 degree of freedom and 0.05 level

of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to Address is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to Address differ significantly.

 ix

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Majority of the respondents’ ages 26-40 years old, male, were employed, and

were from Alima, Digman, Kaingin, Sineguelasan, and Maliksi.

2. The respondents STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite in Terms of Price.

2.1. As to product, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.49) on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite in Terms of Product.

2.2. As to place, over-all, findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.40) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms

of Place.

2.3. As to promotion, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite in Terms of Promotion.

3. Generally, occupation and address have a positive correlation between the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in

x
Cavite and the relationship is significant.

While age and gender have a negative correlation between the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite but the relationship is not significant.

 4. On the other hand, there is a significant difference in the assessments of

the respondents on the Factors Affecting Consumers’ Satisfaction in Selected

Cycling purposes in Kawit Cavite when grouped according to age, gender,

occupation, and address.

Recommendations

In view of the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations

are made:

1. A parallel study maybe conducted to other places with bigger sample to

confirm or validate the findings of the present study.

2. The proposed marketing plan be considered and tried.

xi

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate thesis entitled the STATUS OF THE OYSTER BUSINESS

IN CAVITE AS ASSESSED BY SELECTED RESIDENTS OF BACOOR CITY:

BASIS FOR A PROPOSED MARKETING PLAN, prepared and submitted by,

JOVEN ALVAREZ, MARIELLE FELICIANO, VIALYN LOPEZ in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Tourism

Management, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and

approval for final defense.

FERDINAND T. CALLUENG, Ph.D.

Adviser

THESIS REVIEW PANEL

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of __.

ALDRICH K. FERNANDEZ, MA. ELENA JACINTO, MAED

Panelist Panelist

EMERSON L. AGUSTIN, MBA JAMIE S. ABAD, Ph.D.

Panelist Panelist

MARGARETH A. FERNANDEZ, MBA

Chairman

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management.

MARGARETH A. FERNANDEZ, MBA

xii Dean of College

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers' deepest gratitude is extended to the following people

who helped them broaden their perspectives throughout this study. Their work on
this study would not have been successful without the assistance of significant

people who guided and assisted the researchers throughout its completion.

Dean Margareth A. Fernandez, Dean of ISHRM, for her generous

assistance to the researchers;

Dr. Ferdinand T. Callueng, their thesis adviser, for his time and concern,

for being a supportive adviser and for sharing his expertise in this field;

Dr. Jamie S. Abad, Mr. Aldrich K. Fernandez, Mr. Emerson L. Agustin, and

Mr. Michael L. Lacuesta, members of the panel, for their insightful criticism and

advice on how to make this research successful.

All respondents are appreciated for their time, flexibility, and willingness to

participate in the researchers' survey questionnaires.

Finally, the researchers would want to express their gratitude to God for

guiding them through all of their challenges. The researchers will continue to put

their fate in His arms.

The Authors

Alvarez, Feliciano, Lopez

xiii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i

ABSTRACT ii

APPROVAL SHEET xi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii

LIST OF TABLES xv

LIST OF FIGURES xvi

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Background of the Study 3

Theoretical Framework 5

Conceptual Framework 8

Statement of the Problem 9

Hypothesis of the Study 10

Scope and limitation 11

Significance of the Study 11

Definition of terms 13

Chapter 2
xiv
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Foreign Literature 16

Foreign Studies 20
 Local Literature 25

Local Studies 29

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

Research Method 35

Population and Sampling Design 35

Respondents of the Study 36

Research Instrument/Survey Questionnaire 37

Validity 37

Reliability 38

Data Gathering Procedure 38

Statistical Tools 39

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Problem No. 1 44

Problem No. 2 51

Problem No. 3 61

Problem No. 4 64

Problem No. 5 72
xv
Chapter 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 79
 Findings 80

Conclusions 86

Recommendations 87

REFERENCES 88

APPENDICES

Survey Questionnaire 95

Certificates 98

CURRICULUM VITAE 100

List of Tables

1. Age 44

2. Gender 45

3. Occupation 47

4. Address 48

5. Price 51

6. Product 53

7. Place 55

8. Promotion 58

9. Significant Relationship to Respondents’ Profile 56

10. Significant Difference in Age 64

xvi
11. Significant Difference in Gender 66

12. Significant Difference in Occupation 67

13. Significant Difference in Address 69

 14. Proposed Marketing plan 72

Figures

Theoretical Framework 6

Conceptual Framework 9

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT`S BACKGROUND

Introduction
 Oyster farming, which started in China over two millennia ago and spread

to the Romans, is now a global industry with major producers including France,

Holland, and the United States. While countries like Canada, England, and

Australia have established oyster farming practices, the Philippines is still in the

early phases of developing this industry.

In Bacoor Bay, around 200 hectares of oyster farms are privately owned.

The farmers cultivate four oyster species (talabang chinelas, kukong kabayo,

pulid-pulid, and culot) using various techniques, including bamboo sticks,

hanging lines, ropes, and trays. The growth of this industry has been driven by

the desire of local fishermen to diversify their income sources. Many farmers

have expanded their farming areas to increase production.

Industrial waste is significantly polluting the natural ecosystems where

oysters thrive in Manila Bay and Cavite, Philippines (FAO, n.d.). Additionally,

Water pollution is a major obstacle for mussel farmers in Bacoor, as it hinders the

growth of the shellfish that they naturally cultivate for commercial purposes. It

has something to do with the rapid change of weather systems, which affects the

growth of mussel—or worse—cause mussel to die. But a more serious threat to

Bacoor’s mussel industry, as in other areas, is the occurrence of red tide.

Bacoor City has applied for land reclamation approval from the Philippine

Reclamation Authority (PRA). According to Lopez (GMA News – 2019).

President Duterte has granted the PRA the power to make decisions on land

reclamation projects as per Executive Order 74, issued on February 4, 2019.

However, it will directly affect over a hundred fishermen and mussel farm

operators, including informal-settler families who would have to be relocated

should the project push through.

It is essential to conduct a study on the "Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite" because the oyster industry in Cavite is not yet certain (based on the

problem). Historical examples around the world show that we need to know more

about the current state and potential of the industry. There are challenges that

oyster farmers in Bacoor face, like factory pollution, dirty water, and dangers like

red tide, which makes it even more important to know how well the industry is

doing right now. Furthermore, proposed projects such as land reclamation can

impact local oyster farming communities. Understanding their insights is vital to

plan and evaluate these projects' effects. The study explores residents' views on

the industry. It aims to uncover opportunities to expand oyster farming into tourist

attractions. This would boost economic growth and promote culinary tourism in

Bacoor City. The study provides key information to make informed decisions,

support sustainable industry development, and improve livelihoods in oyster

farming communities in Bacoor City.

Background of the Study

Bacoor is a coastal component city in the province of Cavite. The city has

a land area of 46.17 square kilometers or 17.83 square miles which constitutes

3.03% of Cavite's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census
was 664,625. This represented 15.30% of the total population of Cavite province,

or 4.10% of the overall population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these

figures, the population density is computed at 14,395 inhabitants per square

kilometer or 37,276 inhabitants per square mile. Bacoor has 73 barangays

including: Barangay Alima, Banalo, Digman, Kaingin, Maliksi, Sineguelasan,

Tabing Dagat, Talaba, Zapote.

Oysters have played a significant role in shaping the history and culture of

coastal communities in Bacoor, Cavite. Across Alima, Banalo, Digman, Kaingin,

Maliksi, Sineguelasan, Tabing Dagat, Talaba, and Zapote, oyster farming has

been an essential part of daily life for generations. It has influenced traditions,

provided livelihoods, and shaped the cultural identity of these communities. The

deep connection between residents and the sea has been central to their survival

and prosperity for centuries.

Over time, oyster cultivation became more advanced as people passed

down knowledge and skills. Each village developed its own methods based on its

environment and people's preferences. For example, Banalo might have had

certain breeding spots or harvest techniques, while Talaba might have had

traditions and celebrations related to the annual oyster harvest. These practices

strengthened community bonds and a shared sense of history.

The thriving oyster industry in Bacoor's communities not only provided

food but also shaped their sense of identity. Oysters became a symbol of their

resilience, flexibility, and unity in the face of life's challenges. Each community
likely has tales of bravery and success passed down through stories and

memories. Oysters, once seen as just a food source, now represent a powerful

connection between generations and the land and sea.

For generations, oyster farming families in Bacoor's coastal areas, including

Alima, Digman, and Sineguelasan, have developed their skills. They have improved

their farming techniques and increased their oyster beds to meet the rising demand.

Through their efforts, they have not only supported their own families but also

boosted the local economy. The fame of Bacoor's oysters has extended beyond the

Cavite province.

Although detailed historical records of oyster farming in Bacoor's

communities may be limited, the significant impact of this industry remains

apparent in the adaptability and ingenuity of these coastal areas. Despite

contemporary obstacles like environmental damage and urban expansion that

endanger long-standing practices, the essence of innovation and conservation

that has characterized Bacoor's oyster farming endures.

As Bacoor embarks on a new era of progress, its oyster industry stands as

a symbol of its enduring relationship with the sea. This industry is a testament to

Bacoor's heritage, which must be cherished and passed down to future

generations. By recording and honoring the oyster history of each neighborhood,

it is not only honoring the pioneers who established this industry but also ensure

the future success of Bacoor's coastal communities, whose lives are intertwined

with the ocean's riches.

 The study aims to assess the oyster business in Bacoor, particularly

through residents' perspectives, to identify strengths, weaknesses, and

opportunities for sustainable development. By exploring residents' views and

experiences, the study seeks to inform strategies to support the industry and

promote its contribution to the local economy and cultural heritage. Furthermore,

it explores opportunities to leverage Bacoor's oyster heritage for tourism, driving

economic progress while promoting sustainable practices that address

environmental concerns.

Theoretical Framework

The framework for this research is based on the Marketing mix method

consists of 4p`s encompasses Product, Price, Place, and Promotion strategies in

marketing. According to Xia (2023), the 4Ps in marketing refer to Product, Price,

Place, and Promotion, which are essential elements in developing a successful

marketing strategy. Product pertains to a product's attributes, design, packaging,

and branding, while Price involves determining the value customers are willing to

pay for a product or service. Place focuses on the physical or online placement of

a product, and Promotion involves interactions with target consumers to drive

sales.
 Figure 1. Marketing Plan Framework

The 4Ps of marketing (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion) can be

strategically interwoven to address the current status of the oyster business in

Bacoor, Cavite.

Product

The product plays a crucial role in the success of an oyster business in

Bacoor, Cavite. By understanding what consumers prefer, whether it's fresh

oysters, cooked options, or even value-added products like oyster sauce,

businesses can tailor their offerings. If the market is saturated with fresh oysters,

differentiation through unique flavors, sizes, or partnerships with restaurants for

special dishes can create a competitive edge. In essence, a well-defined product

strategy that aligns with consumer preferences is vital for any oyster business in

Bacoor to thrive.

Price

Price plays a crucial role in the success of an oyster business in Bacoor,

Cavite. It needs to consider both production costs and competitor pricing to find a

sweet spot. If fresh oysters are abundant, lowering prices might be necessary to

compete. However, offering unique flavors or value-added products can justify a

higher price point. Promotional pricing can also be a strategy to attract new

customers or move inventory. Ultimately, the price should be set to ensure

profitability while remaining competitive in the Bacoor market.

Place

The "Place" aspect of the marketing mix plays a crucial role in the success

of an oyster business in Bacoor, Cavite. By strategically choosing where to sell

oysters, businesses can reach their target market and maximize sales. This

involves understanding where Bacoor residents frequent for seafood, like wet

markets or restaurants, and if there's a demand near tourist spots. Furthermore,

the "Place" also considers delivery options, which can be especially important for
cooked oysters or value-added products, making the business more accessible

to a wider audience. Ultimately, selecting the right selling locations and offering

delivery options can significantly influence how well an oyster business in Bacoor

connects with its customers.

Promotion

Promotion plays a key role in influencing the oyster business in Bacoor

depending on its current status. If there's an abundance of oysters leading to

lower prices, promotions can focus on creating excitement and demand through

recipe ideas, health benefits, or special offers. Conversely, if oysters are scarce,

promotion can highlight the premium quality and freshness to justify a higher

price point. By understanding the current market situation, strategic promotion

can effectively boost sales and brand awareness for Bacoor's oyster industry.

Conceptual Framework

This research study uses the Input - Process - Output. Input focuses on

determining the respondents' profile, which states their demographical profile.

Follow up by the surveys and questionnaires. The Process aims to analyze the

given data for the status of the oyster business in Cavite as assessed by

selected barangay residents of Bacoor city. The Output is to determine what

Tourism plan could be proposed for the oyster’s business in Bacoor, Cavite.
 Process Output
Input

I. Respondents
Demographic Profile
1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
1.3. Ocupation
1.4. Address Statictical Analysis What marketing plan
of status of the could be proposed?
II. Status of the oyster business in
Oyster Business in cavite as assessed
Bacoor Cavite. by selected
2.1. Price
residents of bacoor
city
2.2. Product
2.3. Place
2.4. Promotion

Statement of the Problem

This study has investigated on the assess the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City.

Specifically, it sought answers of the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender;

1.3. Occupation; and

1.4. Address?
 2. How did the respondents assess the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City in terms of the

following:

2.1. Product;

2.2. Price;

2.3. Place; and

2.4. Promotion?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the assessments of the

respondents regarding of oyster’s business in Bacoor, Cavite and their

profile?

4. Is there a significant difference in the responses of the respondents when

group according to their demographic profile?

5. Based on finding, what marketing plan could be proposed?

Hypothesis

Regarding the study's inquiries, the following hypotheses were subjected

to examination:

1. There is no significant relationship between the assessments of the

respondents regarding of oyster’s business in Bacoor, Cavite and their

profile.

2. There is no significant difference in the responses of the respondents

when group according to their demographic profile?

Scope and Limitation

This research focused on finding out the status of the Oyster business in

Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City: Basis for a Proposed

Marketing Plan.

This study used purposive sampling. A total of one hundred (50) residents

will provide the data as respondents. Data gathering would start in March 2023

from seven (5) to fifteen (10) days. It will be conducted through survey at the

following barangays in Bacoor, namely Alima, Sineguelasan, Digman, Talaba,

Tabing Dagat, Maliksi, Zapote, Banalo, and Kaingin. This study is limited to the

Barangays of Bacoor, Cavite. This research is aims to know the status of the

Oyster business in Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City

The Significance of the Study

The researchers of this study aimed to gather information and

understanding about the status of the oyster business in Cavite as assessed by

selected residents of Bacoor City that will contribute for the groups or sectors as

follow:

Oyster farmers and vendors. The research aims to empower oyster

farmers and businesses in Cavite. It provides valuable insights into the industry's

challenges and what consumers want. Armed with this knowledge, they can fine-

tune their farming practices and offerings to boost sales and profits. Moreover,
the research can pinpoint areas where support is needed to improve

sustainability and overall success in the oyster farming industry in Cavite.

Customers. The research study on the oyster business in Cavite, as

perceived by Bacoor City residents, is crucial for customers. It reveals their

awareness, preferences, and challenges regarding local oyster products,

informing businesses about market demand and areas for improvement. Through

community engagement, the study fosters support for the local oyster industry,

contributing to its sustainability and enhancing the overall marketplace for

customers in Bacoor City.

Local community. This research on the oyster industry in Cavite, Cavite,

helps the Bacoor City community by shedding light on its importance and the

challenges it faces. This knowledge empowers community members to make

informed decisions about the industry's future and sustainability. It can also

inspire programs that support local oyster farmers, maintain cultural heritage, and

boost the economy, contributing to the community's prosperity and resilience.

Local government. The study on the oyster industry in Cavite, specifically

Bacoor City, gathers input from local residents to help the government make

well-informed decisions and policies. This research highlights issues that the

government should address, such as environmental matters or support for oyster

farmers. By addressing these areas, the study aims to promote economic growth

and improve the overall well-being of the community in Bacoor City.

 Present Researchers. The study of the status of the oyster business in

Cavite, as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City, is significant for

present researchers as it offers insights into the industry's current state,

highlights areas for improvement and innovation, and provides grassroots

perspectives to inform policymaking and support strategies for sustainable

growth.

Future researchers. It will also provide valuable information for

researchers. It establishes a strong foundation for understanding the industry, its

challenges, and its potential. This research serves as a starting point for future

studies to delve deeper into the oyster business and identify innovative strategies

to ensure its sustainability in Cavite.

Environment. A study on the oyster industry in Bacoor City, Cavite, helps

protect the environment by uncovering challenges such as pollution and habitat

loss. This knowledge enables the development of sustainable oyster farming

practices and informs policies that promote environmental conservation in

Cavite.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined in reference to how it will be significantly

used in the study:

Aquaculture. (Less commonly spelled aquiculture), Also known as

aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic organisms such

as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as

aquatic plants (e.g. lotus).

Cultivation. The process of trying to acquire or develop a quality or skill.

Dredging. Is the process of excavating and removing sediment, debris, or

other materials from the bottom of bodies of water, such as rivers, lakes, and

harbors.

Estuary. It is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one

or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open

sea.

Mariculture. Is a specialized branch of aquaculture (which includes

freshwater aquaculture) involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food

and other animal products.

Mollusk. Any animal that has a soft body, no spine, and is often covered

with a shell.

Mussel. Is the common name used for members of several families of

bivalve mollusks, from saltwater and freshwater habitats.

Oyster farming. Is an aquaculture (or mariculture) practice in which

oysters are bred and raised mainly for their pearls, shells and inner organ tissue,

which is eaten.

Oyster reef. A group of oysters is commonly called a bed.

Oyster. Is the common name for a number of different families of salt-

water bivalve mollusks that live in marine or brackish habitats.

 Pearl. Is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue

(specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as

fossil conulariids.

Reclamation area. Is a location that has undergone a process of land

reclamation, which involves the creation of new land by filling in or draining

bodies of water such as marshes, swamps, or wetlands.

CHAPTER 2
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes an analysis of the studies and associated

literature that the researchers looked into to learn more about the topic at hand.

Foreign Related Literature

1. What Are the Environmental Impacts of Oyster Farming, by Ólafsson, B.

(2022).

Oyster farming offers environmental advantages, such as reduced

emissions and minimal land use. However, it presents challenges like depleting

natural resources, spreading diseases, and disturbing sea beds. Furthermore,

oysters can accumulate toxins from polluted waters, posing risks to consumers.

To address these issues, supporting sustainable practices, promoting research

and regulation, and engaging in ocean rewilding initiatives are crucial. By

prioritizing ecosystem health and implementing responsible farming methods, we

can mitigate the negative impacts of oyster farming while maintaining the

ecological balance of marine environments.

The environmental impacts of oyster farming and the assessment of

the oyster business in Cavite highlight the dual nature of this industry. While

oyster farming offers benefits like emissions reduction, it also poses challenges

such as resource depletion and pollution accumulation. These findings stress the
importance of implementing sustainable practices and regulations to ensure the

industry's long-term viability while preserving environmental health. In Bacoor

City and similar communities, balancing economic development with

environmental conservation is essential for the sustainable growth of the oyster

business.

2. Oysters by National Geographic (n.d.)

Oysters, despite their unattractive appearance, offer a rewarding

culinary experience with their delicate texture and rich flavor, alongside notable

nutritional benefits such as high calcium, iron, and protein content. Found

globally in shallow waters, they form colonies known as beds or reefs, with

prominent species including the eastern American and Pacific oysters. Oyster

shells vary in shape and color, equipped with strong adductor muscles for

defense. They feed by filtering particles from water and reproduce through

broadcast spawning. While not currently endangered, oysters face threats from

coastal pollution and water quality degradation, with populations declining in

many areas. Additionally, their ability to retain toxins poses health risks for

human consumption. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for ensuring the

sustainable management of oyster populations and their ecological role in marine

environments.
 The characteristics and challenges of oyster farming, along with the

study on the status of the oyster business in Cavite as assessed by selected

residents of Bacoor City, underscores the multifaceted nature of this industry.

Oysters, valued for their culinary appeal and nutritional benefits, are globally

distributed but face threats such as pollution and population declines.

Understanding these dynamics is vital for sustainable oyster farming practices,

especially in regions like Cavite where the industry's status is assessed by local

residents. By integrating insights from both studies, stakeholders can develop

strategies to address environmental concerns, ensure the health of oyster

populations, and support the livelihoods of communities reliant on oyster farming

in Bacoor City and similar regions.

3. Sustainability recognition for first oyster farm in the Middle East by Din

(2023)

Dibba Bay Oyster Farm, located in Northern Fujairah off the coast of

the United Arab Emirates, has achieved remarkable growth and international

recognition for its sustainable operations. Producing 300,000 oysters monthly,

the company benefits from the region's pristine water conditions characterized by

cleanliness and abundance of plankton. Situated in relatively shallow waters near

deep currents, Dibba Bay's oysters thrive on natural food sources, resulting in

exceptional quality with a high meat to shell ratio, clean white shells, and
delicious flavor. Founder and CEO Ramie Murray attributes their success to the

purity of the water, ample plankton, and warm temperatures, positioning their

product as world-class in taste and quality.

The success of Dibba Bay Oyster Farm in the Middle East, thriving in

pristine water conditions with ample natural food sources, contrasts with the

challenges faced by the oyster business in Cavite. While Dibba Bay achieves

remarkable growth and sustainability, Cavite contends with pollution and

declining populations. By comparing these narratives, insights can inform

strategies to address challenges in Cavite's oyster industry, fostering resilience

and growth in communities like Bacoor City.

4. Using Oysters as a Flood Defense Strategy by Kramber (2020)

The excerpt highlights the increasing use of natural flood defense

strategies, particularly involving oysters, in response to climate-induced

destruction. Projects in the United States, Bangladesh, and Hong Kong

incorporate oysters to create friction between waves and the sea floor, acting as

natural breakwaters to mitigate floods. The Staten Island Living Breakwaters

Project, funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,

exemplifies this approach by constructing a 'living' breakwater system on Staten

Island's South Shore. These breakwaters, spanning 3,200 linear feet, not only

protect coasts but also provide habitats through constructed reefs for various
marine life. Furthermore, oysters contribute to ecological restoration by filtering

nitrogen, providing habitat, and acting as natural storm barriers, aiding the

recovery of New York's historical oyster populations depleted by pollution and

overharvesting.

The excerpt showcasing oysters' role in flood defense strategies

offers insights relevant to the status of the oyster business in Cavite, as

assessed by residents of Bacoor City. Projects like the Staten Island Living

Breakwaters highlight the dual benefits of oysters: mitigating floods and

enhancing marine habitats. This suggests potential innovative approaches for

Cavite's oyster industry, addressing challenges like declining populations and

environmental degradation. By integrating flood defense strategies with oyster

farming initiatives, stakeholders in Bacoor City can revitalize the industry while

contributing to coastal resilience and ecological restoration efforts.

Foreign Related Studies

1. A review of global oyster aquaculture production and consumption by

Botta et al. (2020)

The paper provides an overview of global oyster aquaculture

production, highlighting China's dominance, accounting for 86% of global

production in 2016. However, production outside China remains stagnant,

hampered by challenges such as disease, parasites, and regulatory issues

varying by country. Despite increasing demand for farmed oysters, supply-side

issues limit total production, leading to missed opportunities for producers. While

rising prices in certain markets present opportunities, these are only partially

capitalized on, with Canadian exports to the United States cited as a prime

example. Overall, the findings underscore the complexities and constraints faced

by the global oyster aquaculture industry, with implications for supply, demand,

and market dynamics worldwide.

These findings shed light on the complexities faced by the oyster

business in Cavite, as assessed by residents of Bacoor City. While there is

increasing demand for farmed oysters globally, supply-side issues such as

disease and regulatory constraints limit production potential. The study suggests

missed opportunities for producers, echoing the challenges observed in Cavite's

oyster industry. Thus, insights from global production trends can inform

strategies to address similar challenges and capitalize on market opportunities in

Cavite's oyster business.

2. Comments on the Oyster Aquaculture Industry in China: 1985–2020, by

Shi et al. (2023)

The study highlights the rapid growth of China's oyster aquaculture

since the 1980s, with oysters becoming the top mariculture species by 2019,

boasting an annual production of 5.23 million. Using the HP filter, the paper
analyzes trends and cycles in China's oyster aquaculture, identifying economic

growth, export trade, and oyster prices as key factors driving industry expansion.

Surprisingly, diseases and disasters have had minimal impact on growth.

However, the sustainability of the industry is threatened by the tragedy of the

commons, stemming from limitations on marine resources. This finding

underscores the need for addressing resource management issues to ensure the

continued development of China's oyster aquaculture industry.

The study on China's oyster aquaculture growth highlights key factors

such as economic growth, export trade, and oyster prices driving industry

expansion, with minimal impact from diseases and disasters. However, the

sustainability of the industry is threatened by the tragedy of the commons,

emphasizing resource management challenges. This insight connects with the

assessment of the oyster business in Cavite, as residents of Bacoor City observe

similar challenges related to resource limitations and sustainability. By

addressing these issues, stakeholders in Cavite's oyster industry can learn from

China's experiences to foster sustainable development and growth.

3. Comparative Description and Analysis of Oyster Aquaculture in Selected

Atlantic Regions: Production, Market Dynamics, and Consumption

Patterns, by Iitembu et al. (2023)

 The study provides insights into the diverse landscape of oyster

production and consumption across Atlantic regions, noting variations in

production methods, species farmed, and market dynamics. While countries like

the US, France, and Brazil boast robust oyster industries, Namibia and South

Africa show growth potential amid challenges. Innovations such as hatcheries

and triploid oysters offer ecological benefits, but resource issues and public

acceptance remain concerns. Ensuring consumer protection and industry growth

requires robust public health measures and postharvest processing methods

focusing on depuration facilities and traceability. Addressing financial hurdles for

small businesses necessitates policy reforms, innovative solutions, and

government support, alongside enhanced insurance coverage for risk mitigation.

Strengthening regulatory frameworks and property rights is crucial for

responsible oyster exploitation and sustainable aquaculture. The establishment

of hatcheries is recommended for stable seed supply, while improving

postharvest processing methods and traceability systems is essential for food

safety and market value. The study underscores the need for continued research

to innovate practices, enhance cultivation techniques, and harmonize market

dynamics globally and regionally. However, it emphasizes the necessity for

further comprehensive research on future market dynamics, consumer

preferences, and regulatory impacts, alongside exploring advanced risk

management strategies tailored to the oyster industry's specific needs, to achieve

significant growth and sustainability.

 The study on oyster production across Atlantic regions offers insights

relevant to the assessment of the oyster business in Cavite by residents of

Bacoor City. While some countries have established oyster industries, others

show growth potential. Innovations like hatcheries and triploid oysters are noted,

but challenges persist. Ensuring consumer protection and industry growth

requires robust measures, while addressing financial hurdles necessitates policy

reforms. Strengthening regulatory frameworks is crucial. The study suggests

aligning regional variations and conducting further research to foster growth and

sustainability in Cavite's oyster business.

4. Ecological Consequences of Oysters Culture, by Oo and Oo (2016)

Some oyster farming practices, if mismanaged, can have lasting

impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Over-stocking of oysters can deplete

phytoplankton, exceeding the carrying capacity of both localized areas and entire

bays, disrupting ecological balance and reducing productivity. Physical shading

by oyster infrastructure can lead to seagrass loss, affecting seagrass health and

survival. Human interference, including vehicle and boat activity, poses risks to

sensitive ecological areas, particularly seagrass beds. Inappropriately positioned

oyster infrastructure may disrupt local hydrodynamics, leading to sediment

deposition and adverse impacts on benthic communities. Understanding these

ecological sensitivities is crucial for sustainable oyster farming practices and

minimizing environmental harm.

The findings regarding potential ecological impacts of oyster farming

practices highlight the importance of sustainable management in the oyster

business in Cavite, as assessed by residents of Bacoor City. Over-stocking of

oysters and physical shading by infrastructure can disrupt aquatic ecosystems,

affecting both local and bay-wide ecological balance. Human interference, such

as vehicle and boat activity, poses risks to sensitive areas like seagrass beds.

Understanding and mitigating these impacts is crucial for maintaining

environmental health and ensuring the long-term sustainability of the oyster

industry in Cavite.

Local Related Literature

1. Oyster, by Industry Strategic Science and Technology Plans (ISPs)

Platform, (n.d.)

Oysters hold significant value in the Philippines, providing income for

shellfish farmers and serving as a vital protein and mineral source in the human

diet. The country produced over 53 thousand metric tons of oysters in 2020, with

Bulacan emerging as the top producer. Oyster farming practices in the

Philippines are traditional, relying on wild spat collection during natural 'spatfall'

events. However, the industry faces challenges such as limited seed stocks, lack
of data on quality oyster varieties, and low meat yield due to inadequate

broodstock management and hatchery production. Improving these aspects is

crucial for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of the Philippine oyster

industry.

The findings on the Philippine oyster industry highlight key challenges

relevant to the assessment of the oyster business in Cavite by residents of

Bacoor City. While oysters play a significant role in the country's economy and

food supply, reliance on wild spat collection poses limitations. Issues such as

limited seed stocks, lack of data on quality oyster varieties, and low meat yield

underscore the need for improved management practices. Addressing these

challenges is crucial for enhancing the sustainability and productivity of the

oyster industry in Cavite, aligning with the concerns raised by residents regarding

industry practices and future prospects.

2. Oyster Farming in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Guide, by Jagdish

(2023)

The Philippines' vibrant archipelago serves as a hub for oyster

farming, representing a cornerstone of aquaculture practices. From hatchery to

harvest, the process encompasses biological nuances, environmental

considerations, and economic impacts. The Magallana bilineata, or Philippine

cupped oyster, holds profound significance in this industry, thriving extensively in

the western Pacific Ocean. This economically vital species not only sustains local

livelihoods but also extends its reach to regions like Fiji and Tonga.

Understanding the importance of oyster farming in the Philippines involves

delving into the scientific tapestry that defines the practice, navigating through

tides and techniques to uncover its intricate workings.

The study emphasizes the profound significance of oyster farming in

the Philippines, highlighting its role as a cornerstone of aquaculture practices in

the vibrant archipelago. From hatchery to harvest, the process involves biological

nuances, environmental considerations, and economic impacts, particularly with

the Magallana bilineata species. Understanding this importance sheds light on

the assessment of the oyster business in Cavite by residents of Bacoor City,

connecting their observations with the broader context of oyster farming practices

in the Philippines.

3. Oyster and mussel farming in Western Visayas, Philippines, by World

Fish Center (2019)

In the Philippines, the slipper oyster, locally known as talaba, and the

green mussel, referred to as tahong, are the primary mollusc species farmed,

primarily for their meat and predominantly consumed in the domestic market. The

Western Visayas region, situated in central Philippines, stands out as a major

hub for oyster and mussel production, with natural populations existing along
rivers and bays. The proliferation of oyster and mussel farms in the region dates

back to the 1950s, driven by the dual objectives of augmenting income from

fishing and meeting domestic consumption demands. Presently, an estimated

2,000 coastal families are engaged in mollusc farming activities in this region,

highlighting the significant socioeconomic contribution of this industry to local

communities.

The study underscores the significance of slipper oyster (talaba) and

green mussel (tahong) farming in the Philippines, particularly in the Western

Visayas region, which serves as a major source of these molluscs. Beginning as

early as the 1950s, the proliferation of oyster and mussel farms in the region

reflects the efforts of coastal families to augment their income from fishing while

meeting domestic market demands. This insight connects with the assessment of

the oyster business in Cavite by residents of Bacoor City, highlighting the

socioeconomic importance of mollusc farming in coastal communities and its

potential implications for industry growth and sustainability.

4. Challenges in Oyster Farming, by Farm (2023)

The challenges facing oyster farming were underscored at the Aqua

Farm 2023 conference, highlighting the complexities inherent in this form of

aquaculture. Key challenges include maintaining water quality amidst pollution

and algal blooms, managing diseases and pests like the oyster drill and herpes
virus, and navigating the impacts of climate change on water conditions and

coastal erosion. Market demand fluctuations and competition, coupled with legal

and regulatory hurdles, add further complexity. High labor and equipment costs

also pose significant barriers to profitability. Despite these challenges, oyster

farming remains a vital industry, offering seafood production and economic

support to coastal communities, albeit with inherent difficulties that require

diligent management and innovation.

These challenges include maintaining water quality, managing

diseases and pests, addressing the impacts of climate change, navigating market

demand fluctuations and regulatory issues, and managing high labor and

equipment costs. Despite these obstacles, oyster farming remains a valuable

industry, necessitating careful management and innovation to ensure

sustainability and profitability, reflecting the concerns raised by residents

regarding industry practices and future prospects in Cavite.

Local Related Studies

1. Consumers' behavior towards cultured oyster and mussel in Western

Visayas, Philippines, by Andalecio et al. (2014)

In the Philippines, oysters and mussels receive minimal attention in

terms of improving production practices and marketing, despite their high

nutritional value and traditional food status. While there is potential to develop the
domestic market for these seafood staples, issues such as production site

environment, product quality, and food safety need to be addressed to enhance

consumer confidence. Improved production and postharvest practices, along with

better processing facilities, are essential to meet increasing consumer demand.

However, most coastal regions lack the necessary infrastructure for seafood

processing. Although the study's scope is limited to the Western Visayas region,

the findings are indicative of attitudes towards oyster and mussel consumption

across the Philippine archipelago, suggesting the need for further research in

other regions to gain a comprehensive understanding of domestic consumption

patterns.

The findings of the study on the oyster business in Cavite, as

assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City, underscore the limited attention

given to oyster and mussel production practices and marketing in the Philippines,

despite their nutritional value and traditional food status. Addressing issues such

as production site environment, product quality, and food safety is crucial to

bolstering consumer confidence and increasing domestic market demand. While

the study focused on a single region, its insights are indicative of broader

attitudes towards oyster and mussel consumption in the Philippines, suggesting

the need for further research to understand consumption patterns nationwide.

2. Oyster Farming in Ilocos Sur, Philippines, by Domingo et al. (2021)

 The study reveals that oyster farming in the province employs three

main methods: long line hanging, raft hanging, and stake or tulos systems,

utilizing various materials as spat collectors. Oyster farmers procure their seeds

from both public and private sources, with differing collection and growth

practices across municipalities. Operating as small-scale family businesses,

oyster growers adopt varying culture and marketing approaches, selling their

product shell-on or shucked in public markets, neighborhoods, or through

restaurant owners. They face socioeconomic and environmental challenges but

receive support from agencies and organizations, leading to improved farming

practices.

The study on the oyster business in Cavite resonates with findings

elsewhere, showing diverse farming methods and seed procurement practices

among small-scale family businesses. Oyster growers adapt their harvest and

marketing strategies based on customer preferences, facing socioeconomic and

environmental challenges. However, they receive support from various agencies,

leading to improved farming practices.

3. Women Participation in Oyster Production in Pangasinan, by Arquillano

(2022)

The study highlights the significant role of women in oyster

production, revealing that they are typically adult, with moderate education levels
and reliant on oyster farming as their primary income source. Despite

contributing to household finances, they face challenges such as limited job

opportunities and the burden of multiple responsibilities as mothers, wives, and

workers. While they earn income from oyster production, they perceive their

physical capabilities as inferior to men, which hinders their potential for personal

fulfillment. In locations like Naguilayan in Binmaley, where oyster production is

prohibited, women are advised to explore alternative livelihoods. The study

suggests assessing their skills and knowledge, followed by vocational or non-

formal education to enhance their capabilities and self-worth, ensuring

sustainable support for their families in the long term.

The study highlights women's crucial role in oyster production, often

with moderate education levels and dependent on it as their primary income

source. Despite contributing to household finances, they face challenges like

limited job opportunities and multiple responsibilities. Women perceive their

physical capabilities as inferior to men, hindering their personal fulfillment. In

areas where oyster production is banned, they're advised to seek alternative

livelihoods, potentially through skill enhancement and vocational education to

ensure sustainable support for their families.

4. Business continuity as a means to strengthen disaster risk reduction in a

coastal community of oyster farmers, by Rodolfo and Lapus (2021)

 The study highlights that the Western Visayas region of the

Philippines, oyster and mussel farming has been practiced in 26 coastal

municipalities since the early 1950s, with most families starting in the 1980s.

Farmers typically began farming on their own initiative, either following their

neighbors' methods or developing their own. Farms are situated among fish

capture devices in bays, river mouths, and rivers, chosen for their proximity to

residences and natural populations of oysters and mussels. Oyster farms

averaged 1,328 square meters, with most farms having an area of less than

1,000 square meters. Mussel farming activities included broadcasting, staking,

shell boring, stringing, rack construction, harvesting, shucking, and marketing.

Household members participated in various activities such as staking, raft

construction, harvesting, and marketing for mussel farming.

The study provides insights into the oyster business in Cavite, as

evaluated by residents of Bacoor City. It highlights three main farming methods

practiced in the province: long line hanging, raft hanging, and stake systems.

Oyster farmers either produce their own seeds or purchase them from various

sources. Harvesting and marketing practices vary among oyster-producing

towns, with sales occurring either shell-on or shucked, through different channels

like public markets or restaurants. Socioeconomic and environmental challenges

impact oyster production, yet support from agencies and organizations has led to

improved farming practices.

Synthesis

A comprehensive analysis of various literature and studies on the oyster

industry has uncovered shared concerns, emphasizing the industry's duality. It

presents both opportunities and obstacles. The studies underscore the importance of

sustainable farming practices and regulations for the long-term success of oyster

farming, recognizing the need to strike a balance between economic growth and

safeguarding the environment. While research from different regions may highlight

diverse farming methods and market conditions, they collectively illustrate the

complexity and multifaceted aspects of oyster farming.

Oyster farming faces challenges that are often similar worldwide,

including water quality, disease control, and market volatility. However, regions

may also have specific difficulties, such as pollution buildup or strict rules. This

report highlights the importance of oyster farming globally and the value of

working together to solve common problems while capitalizing on local strengths.

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents different parts of methodology such as research

method or design, population and sampling, respondents of the study, research

instrument, data gathering procedure, and data analysis.

Research Method/Design

This study used a mixed-method research design, which combines

qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect and evaluate data to determine

the status of the Oyster business in Cavite as assessed by selected residents of

Bacoor City. And will adopt the descriptive research design. Descriptive research

aims to accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or

phenomenon. It can answer what, where, when and how questions, but not why

questions (McCombes, 2023).

Mixed methods research combines elements of quantitative research and

qualitative research in order to answer your research question. Mixed methods

can help you gain a more complete picture than a standalone quantitative or

qualitative study, as it integrates benefits of both methods (George, 2023). As a

result, combining the two approaches can provide detailed and in-depth data and

data interpretation.

Population and Sampling

The researchers of this study focused on nine (9) barangays of Bacoor

Cavite. Qualified from Barangay Alima, Barangay Sineguelasan, Barangay

Digman, Barangay Talaba, Barangay Tabing Dagat, Barangay Maliksi, Barangay

Zapote, Barangay Banalo, and Barangay Kaingin.

The researchers chose non-probability purposive sampling. This sampling

method is ideal for focusing in depth on relatively small samples. The

researchers may like to access a specific subset of the population with certain

characteristics. This sampling method was used as it allows the researcher to

choose participants who have firsthand knowledge of the phenomenon under

research study

Respondents of the Study

The respondents consist of random consumers of oysters from the

selected barangays:

Name of Barangay/s No. of Respondents

Alima 6

Sineguelasan 6
 Digman 6

Talaba 6

Tabing Dagat 5

Maliksi 5

Zapote 5

Banalo 5

Kaingin 6

Research Instrument

The instrument was a researcher`s self-made questionnaire checklist to

gather the needed data for students’ profiles.

The survey questionnaire has two parts. First, is the profile of the

respondents which includes their Name (optional), Age, Gender, Civil Status,

Residence. The second part holds the questions. The researchers listed

questions where the respondents may answer by rating how they agree or

disagree to it.

The second part of the questionnaire is answerable by putting a check

mark ( ) in the appropriate column which is marked (4) Strongly Agree, (3)

Agree, (2) Disagree, and (1) Strongly Disagree. The respondents will check the

option that is best applicable for them.

 Validity. The adviser analyzed and evaluated the adapted survey

questionnaire. In addition, a set of questions was also presented and assessed

by the researchers. The survey questionnaire was then submitted to the panel for

further analysis.

Several suggestions, comments, and recommendations were received

and reviewed by researchers during the validation process, and revisions were

incorporated for the improvement of the instrument.

Reliability. After passing the validation requirements, the researchers

proceeded to give the survey questionnaire to the respondents. There were 90

respondents chosen. After the researchers conducted the survey, results were

submitted to the Statistician for an appropriate statistical treatment for the

reliability test. As advised by their Advisor and Statistician, the researchers

started their scheduled formal surveys after passing the reliability test.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers have invested significant time, effort, and teamwork in

advancing the survey questions to serve its intended respondents. The survey

was constructed using relevant questions from the researchers' related research.

The survey questionnaire contains three (3) parts that respondents must

accomplish. The printed-out copies of survey questionnaires will be distributed to

the respondents of selected micro businesses and collected afterward. Thus,

their corresponding answer to the question will be kept according to the

agreement of the respondents and researchers. The data gathered was

organized and tabulated according to the result of the statistical treatment done.

The three (3) phases in the data gathering to see the results of a research paper

are as follows:

Phase I: Preparation Stage. Creating quantitative and qualitative survey

questionnaires based on the study conducted by researchers;

Phase II: Data Gathering Stage. Distributing the survey questionnaires to

target respondents in the field;

Phase III: Data Analysis Stage. Collecting the data gathered to evaluate

the results of the survey questionnaires.

Statistical Treatment and Data Analysis

Frequency Percentage. The quantitative approach employed by

researchers was the amount of measurement to the percentage for every

question in the questionnaire form. The researcher presented and analyzed the

data using a bar and pie graph.

Formula:

% = f/N x 10

Where:

% = percent
 f = Frequency

N = number

Weighted Average/Mean. The researchers used the weighted average

mean to calculate the percentage of the questionnaire filled out by the chosen

Barangay in Bacoor City, Cavite., to evaluate the data they collected. The profile

of the respondents will be determined using a frequent percentage

Formula:

Where:

f = the frequency of each classifying

x = weighted arithmetic mean

n = total number of Observation in the sample

Range Interpretation

3.25 - 4.00 Strongly Agree

2.50 - 3.24 Agree

1.75 - 2.49 Disagree

1.00 - 1.74 Strongly Disagree

Mean will be used to determine the perception of the respondents that has

been chosen.
 Pearson Coefficient of Correlation. Pearson R statistical tests were

used to determine the significant relationship between the respondents'

assessments and their profiles. This is usually a smart option for the researcher

to calculate the correlation coefficient value to determine how strong the

relationship between the two variables is.

Formula:

Where:

r = Pearson Coefficient

n= number of pairs of the stock

Size of correlation Interpretation

+0.00 (-0.00 No Correlation

 0.01+ to +0.30 (-0.01 to -0.30) Negligible Correlation

+0.30 to +0.50 (-0.30 to -0.50) Low Positive (negative) Correlation

+0.50 to +0.70 (-0.50 to -0.70) Moderate Positive (negative) Correlation

+0.70 to +0.90 (-0.70 to -0.90) Highly Positive (negative) Correlation

+0.90 to +0.99 Highly Positive (negative) Correlation

1.00 Perfect Correlation

T-test/F-test. The tools used to determine the significant difference in the

assessment of the respondents in eateries when grouped according to their

profile.

Formula:

Where:

X = values given in a set of data

X = mean of the data

 N= total number of values

Confidentiality Clause

The researchers understand that they will receive sensitive information

about the study participants and their locations. By agreeing to this agreement,

they recognize their obligation to protect this information and ensure the privacy

of all data collected. The researchers appreciate the participants' willingness to

share their responses, and they guarantee that all answers will remain strictly

confidential.
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Research Problem Number 1. What is the profile of the respondents in

terms of age, gender, occupation; and address of the selected residents of

Bacoor City?

Table 1

Profile of Respondents According to Age

DIFFERENT RANGE

OF AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

18-25 years old 13 26%

26-40 years old 16 32%

41-55 years old 7 14%

56-60 years old 14 28%

 TOTAL 50 100%

Table 1 describes the profile of the respondents according to age. The

data showed that out of 50 respondents, 32 percent or 16 of them ages 26-40

years old, while 28 percent or 14 of them ages 56-60 years old, 26 percent or 13

of them ages 18-25 years old, and the remaining 14 percent or 7 of them ages

41-55 years old.

This means that majority of the respondents’ ages 26-40 years old.

According to Kc et al. (2018), the typical age range of customers for oyster

businesses varies based on different factors. Research indicates that the

prevalence of raw oyster consumption is higher among individuals aged 18-49

years old. Compare to the previous study findings, both statements are related to

the age demographics of oyster business customers. They both suggest that

there is a specific age range associated with oyster consumption. Contrasting to

them, the study provides a narrower age range (26-40 years old) and implies a

specific group of respondents, whereas the literature acknowledges a broader

age range (18-49 years old) based on research findings.

Based on the study findings that the respondents are from ages 26-40

years old, it aligns with the general understanding that millennials are a driving

force behind the growing oyster consumption trend. Millennials are known for
their adventurous palates and willingness to try new foods, which could explain

their interest in oysters.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that most of the respondents,

aged 26-40 years old being more participated in the Oysters Business.

Table 2

Profile of Respondents According to Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 28 56%

Female 22 44%

TOTAL 50 100%

Table 2 describes the profile of the Respondents according to gender. The

data showed that out of 50 respondents, 56 percent or 28 of them are male,

while 44 percent or 22 of them are female.

This means that majority of the respondents were male.

According to Coşkun et al. (2020), Gender plays a significant role in

consumer behavior within the oyster business. In the Philippines, women micro-

entrepreneurs are identified as key players in the green mussel industry,

occupying work spaces along the entire value chain from growing to trading, with
a focus on enhancing their skills and capabilities. Both statements on study

findings touch upon gender dynamics within different sectors of the seafood

industry, they differ in focus. The study provides a specific numerical breakdown

within the oyster business, while the literature highlights the broader participation

and empowerment of women micro-entrepreneurs within the green mussel

industry, emphasizing skill development and capability building.

Based on the study findings, 28 respondents of male (from out of 50) are a

small sample size. It's difficult to draw strong conclusions about the entire

customer base from such a limited group. There could be a bias towards a

certain demographic if the sample wasn't chosen carefully.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that most of the respondents,

male are being more participated in the Oysters Business.

Table 3

Profile of Respondents According to Occupation

OCCUPATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Employed 19 38%

Self-employed 8 16%

Retired 18 36%

Unemployed 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%
 Table 3 describes the profile of the Respondents according to occupation.

The data showed that out of 50 respondents, 38 percent or 19 of them were

employed, while 36 percent or 18 of them were unemployed, 16 percent or 8 of

them self-employed, and the remaining 10 percent or 5 of them were retired.

This means that majority of the respondents were employed.

According to Li et al. (2017), employed individuals' decisions to purchase

oysters are influenced by various factors. Research indicates that price has a

significant negative effect on the likelihood of buying oysters, while income has a

positive impact. Study finding refers to the respondents of the oyster’s business,

highlighting a particular group of people. The literature broadens the scope by

discussing employed individuals in general, suggesting a wider demographic

beyond.

Based on the findings, it aligns with what we see in most societies. There's

a natural drive to seek employment for financial security, social interaction, and a

sense of purpose. Job postings and busy workplaces also support this idea that

a large portion of the population is employed.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that most of the respondents,

employed are being more participated in the Oysters Business.

Table 4

Profile of Respondents According to Address

 ADDRESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Alima 6 12%

Digman 6 12%

Kaingin 6 12%

Sineguelasan 6 12%

Talaba 6 12%

Banalo 5 10%

Maliksi 5 10%

Tabing Dagat 5 10%

Zapote 5 10%

TOTAL 50 100%

Table 4 describes the profile of the respondents according to address. The

data showed that out of 50 respondents, 12 percent or 6 of them are from Alima,

Digman, Kaingin, Sineguelasan, and Talaba, 10 percent or 5 of them are from

Banalo, Maliksi, Tabing Dagat, and Zapote.

This means that the majority of respondents were from Alima, Digman,

Kaingin, Sineguelasan, and Talaba.

According to Petrolia et al. (2014), customers for oyster businesses can

be found in various locations based on consumer preferences and behaviors.

Oyster consumers tend to purchase oysters from fishery wholesale markets,

discount stores, and even online platforms. Both statements discuss the
consumers of oysters. The study findings mention specific locations where the

majority of respondents are from, while the literature broadly mentions fishery

wholesale markets, discount stores, and online platforms, indicating a wider

geographic reach. In contrast, the study findings provide a narrow scope by

mentioning specific locations where oyster consumers are predominantly located,

suggesting a localized consumer base. While the literature suggests a broader

consumer base by mentioning various channels such as fishery wholesale

markets, discount stores, and online platforms, which implies consumers from

different regions and demographics.

Based on the study findings, it seems the oyster business in the area is

concentrated around Alima, Digman, Kaingin, Sineguelasan, and Talaba.

Perhaps there are established oyster farming communities in these areas, where

families cooperate and share resources. This could make it easier for new

individuals to enter the business and contribute to a higher concentration of

oyster farms.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that most of the respondents

are from were from Alima, Digman, Kaingin, Sineguelasan, and Talaba, being

more participated in the Oysters Business.

Research Problem Number 2. How did the respondents assess the Status

of the Oyster Business in Cavite as assessed by selected residents of

Bacoor City in terms of the market demand and supply, social and cultural

trends, risk management, and environmental factors?

Table 5

Mean Assessments of Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business

in Cavite in Terms of Price

ELEMENTS MEAN SD Interpretation

1. The current price of oysters in Bacoor

3.54 0.58 Strongly Agree
is fair.

2. Social Cultural Trend 2. The price of

oysters fluctuates significantly 3.48 0.54 Strongly Agree

throughout the year.

3. The price of oysters in Bacoor is 3.44 0.54 Strongly Agree

 competitive with other areas.

4. Higher quality oysters are priced

3.38 0.49 Strongly Agree
appropriately in Bacoor.

5. The cost of production significantly

3.50 0.51 Strongly Agree
impacts the final price of oysters.

STRONGLY
TOTAL 3.47 0.03
AGREE

Table 5 shows the evaluation ratings of the respondents’ assessment on

the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of Price.

Over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of Price.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: the current price of oysters in Bacoor is fair (3.54), cycling tourism as an

alternative way to avoid crowded commutes (3.32), the cost of production

significantly impacts the final price of oysters (3.50), the price of oysters

fluctuates significantly throughout the year (3.48), the price of oysters in Bacoor

is competitive with other areas (3.44), and higher quality oysters are priced

appropriately in Bacoor (3.38).

According to Harper (2014), The fairness of oyster prices to people can be

influenced by various factors such as ethical considerations, market dynamics,

and individual perceptions of fairness. People's fairness preferences are shaped

by previous transactions, where individuals accustomed to certain price levels

may perceive them as fair or unfair based on past experiences. Both, study and

literature, acknowledge that the fairness of oyster prices is subjective and can be

influenced by various factors. In contrast, study implies a more straightforward

assessment of fairness based on the current price in Bacoor, suggesting a

relative comparison with no explicit consideration of broader factors or individual

perceptions, while literature, it delves into the complexity of fairness perceptions,

highlighting that fairness is not solely determined by the current price but can be

influenced by ethical considerations, market dynamics, and individual

experiences.

Based on the findings, an interesting from the study is that the current

price of oysters in Bacoor is fair. While the oysters are undeniably delicious, in

researcher`s experience, prices can fluctuate depending on the season and the

vendor. They found out that some vendors charge a bit more, particularly near

tourist areas. It might be worth comparing prices at a few different stalls before

making a purchase.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that the assessments of

respondents, the current price of oysters in Bacoor is fair on the oyster business

in terms of Price.
 Table 6

Mean Assessments of Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business

in Cavite in Terms of Product

ELEMENTS MEAN SD Interpretation

1. The quality of oysters in Bacoor is

3.40 0.57 Strongly Agree
consistently good.

2. There is a variety of oyster sizes

3.48 0.50 Strongly Agree
available in Bacoor.

3. Bacoor offers different types of

3.44 0.54 Strongly Agree
oysters (e.g., tahong, talaba).

4. The freshness of oysters in Bacoor is

3.56 0.50 Strongly Agree
satisfactory.

5. There is a sufficient supply of oysters

3.56 0.50 Strongly Agree
to meet customer demand in Bacoor.

STRONGLY
TOTAL 3.49 0.03
AGREE

Table 6 shows the evaluation ratings of the Respondents’ assessment on

the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of Product.

 Over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.49) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of

Product.

Specifically, the respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: the freshness of oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory (3.56), there is a

sufficient supply of oysters to meet customer demand in Bacoor (3.56), there is a

variety of oyster sizes available in Bacoor (3.48), Bacoor offers different types of

oysters (e.g., tahong, talaba) (3.44), and the quality of oysters in Bacoor is

consistently good (3.40).

According to Harper (2014), The price of oysters plays a significant role in

customer satisfaction. Research on consumer preferences for oysters reveals

that price has a significant negative effect on purchasing decisions, with

consumers willing to pay more for factors like size, oyster species, and harvest

location. Study findings stated that price is highlighted as a significant factor

affecting customer satisfaction, indicating its importance alongside other factors

such as size, species, and harvest location. Contrast to the study and literature,

this segment provides more detail, suggesting that while freshness is crucial,

consumers also consider factors like size, species, and harvest location when

making purchasing decisions. Additionally, it mentions that price has a negative

effect on purchasing decisions, implying that consumers might be willing to

compromise on freshness if other factors meet their preferences at a better price

point.

Based on the findings, the satisfaction of oyster freshness isn't just a

notion; it's a tangible experience. Through personal exploration and observation,

it's evident that Bacoor's oysters boast a commendable level of freshness.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that the assessments of

respondents, the freshness of oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory on the oyster

business in terms of Price.

Table 7

Mean Assessments of Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business

in Cavite in Terms of Place

ELEMENTS MEAN SD Interpretation

1. There are enough vendors selling

3.52 0.58 Strongly Agree
oysters in Bacoor.

2. The accessibility of oyster vendors in

3.36 0.48 Strongly Agree
Bacoor is convenient.

3. The cleanliness of areas selling

3.36 0.48 Strongly Agree
oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory.

4. The storage facilities for oysters in

3.34 0.59 Strongly Agree
Bacoor are adequate.
 5. Innovations in technology and farming

practices contribute positively to risk

3.42 0.54 Strongly Agree
mitigation in the oyster business in

Bacoor, Cavite.

STRONGLY
TOTAL 3.40 0.05
AGREE

Table 7 shows the evaluation ratings of the respondents’ assessment on

the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of Place.

Over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.40) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of

Place.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: there are enough vendors selling oysters in Bacoor (3.52), innovations in

technology and farming practices contribute positively to risk mitigation in the

oyster business in Bacoor, Cavite (3.42), the accessibility of oyster vendors in

Bacoor is convenient (3.36), the cleanliness of areas selling oysters in Bacoor is

satisfactory (3.36), and the storage facilities for oysters in Bacoor are adequate

(3.34).

According to Nahorna and Kravchuk (2020), the oyster market varies

globally, with different levels of commercialization and consumption. The market

for bivalve mollusks is expanding, with recommendations for actions to further

grow the market for oysters. The study finding is focused on the current

availability of vendors, indicating a static analysis of the local market. Conversely,

the literature statement adopts a more dynamic perspective by discussing the

expansion and potential growth of the market, suggesting a forward-looking

approach.

Based on the findings, after spending several weekends exploring the

seafood market in Bacoor, researchers noticed an abundance of vendors selling

oysters. Walking through the bustling streets, it's evident that there is no shortage

of options when it comes to purchasing these delicious mollusks. From small

roadside stalls to established seafood restaurants, oysters seem to be a popular

commodity in this coastal town.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that the assessments of

respondents, there are enough vendors selling oysters in Bacoor on the oyster

business in terms of Price.

Table 8

Mean Assessments of Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business

in Cavite in Terms of Promotion

ELEMENTS MEAN SD Interpretation

1. Oyster vendors in Bacoor effectively 3.46 0.54 Strongly Agree

 advertise their products.

2. There are enough promotional

activities to increase oyster sales in 3.42 0.57 Strongly Agree

Bacoor.

3. Social Media is a widely used platform

3.48 0.54 Strongly Agree
for promoting oysters in Bacoor.

4. The current promotions accurately

represent the quality and value of 3.44 0.54 Strongly Agree

oysters in Bacoor.

5. Promotional efforts effectively target

the intended customer base for oysters 3.54 0.54 Strongly Agree

in Bacoor.

STRONGLY
TOTAL 3.47 0.01
AGREE

Table 8 shows the evaluation ratings of the respondents’ assessment on

the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of Promotion.

Over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of

Promotion.
 Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: promotional efforts effectively target the intended customer base for

oysters in Bacoor (3.54), social media is a widely used platform for promoting

oysters in Bacoor (3.48), oyster vendors in Bacoor effectively advertise their

products (3.46), the current promotions accurately represent the quality and

value of oysters in Bacoor (3.44), and there are enough promotional activities to

increase oyster sales in Bacoor (3.42).

According to Lee et al. (2008), Promotional efforts in the oyster business

can effectively target the intended customer base by considering various factors.

Factors influencing consumer choice include quality, safety, labelling,

presentation, psychological aspects, and packaging preferences. Study finding

indicates success in targeting the intended audience, while the literature

statement provides a more insightful perspective on how to achieve this success

by considering various influencing factors.

Based on the findings, through experiences and observations, it's evident

that promotional efforts in Bacoor effectively reach the targeted customer base

for oysters. Attending local events and observing social media campaigns, it

seen a concerted effort to highlight the unique qualities of Bacoor's oysters,

appealing to seafood enthusiasts and locals alike.

During the survey, the researchers noticed that the assessments of

respondents, promotional efforts effectively target the intended customer base for
oysters in Bacoor on the oyster business in terms of Price.

Research Problem Number 3. Is there a significant relationship between the

assessments of the respondents and their demographic profile?

Table 9

Significant Relationship of Assessments to Respondents’ Profile

Computed r – Computed Critical

Variables
t – Value
Value t – Value Interpretation

-0.01
AGE (negative low 0.48 2.01 Not Significant
correlation)
-0.03
GENDER (negative low 1.44 2.01 Not Significant
correlation)
OCCUPATION 0.12 5.80 2.01 Significant
 (positive low
correlation)
0.32
(negative
ADDRESS 16.21 2.01 Significant
moderate
correlation)
Degree of Freedom = 48 Level of Significance = 0.05

Table 9 summarizes the relationship between the Respondents’

assessments and their profile in terms of age, gender, occupation, and address?

The findings revealed that the Age is negatively low correlated with the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

(r = -0.01) and the relationship is not significant since the computed t-value of

0.48 is less than the computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of

significance and 48 degree of freedom.

Gender is negatively low correlated with the assessments of the

respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = -0.03) and the

relationship is not significant since the computed t-value of 1.44 is less than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

Occupation is positively low correlated with the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = 0.12) and the

relationship is significant since the computed t-value of 5.80 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.
 Address is positively moderate correlated with the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = 0.32) and the

relationship is significant since the computed t-value of 16.21 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

According to Puckett and Eggleston (2012), demographical factors play a

crucial role in influencing the status of the oyster business. Studies have shown

that factors such as age, gender, education, and income impact consumer

choices, with age and preferred values significantly affecting oyster consumption

frequency. Both study finding and literature touch upon the intersection of

assessments and demographic factors, they differ in their assertions and

interpretations of the significance of demographics in influencing consumer

behavior in the oyster industry.

In examining personal experiences and observations, it becomes evident

that there is no significant relationship between assessments and respondents'

profiles. Despite expectations that certain demographic factors might influence

assessment outcomes, such as age, gender, occupation, or address, the data

reveals little to no correlation.

Research Problem Number 4. Is there a significant difference in the

assessments of the respondents when grouped according to their

demographic profile?

Table 10

Significant Difference of Assessments When Grouped According to Age

Computed Critical
Age Mean SD Interpretation
F – Value F – Value
18 – 25 years old 3.48 0.15
26 – 40 years old 3.42 0.07
40.24 1.61 Significant
41 – 55 years old 3.48 0.01
56 – 60 years old 3.46 0.15
Degree of Freedom = 3 and 46 Level of Significance = 0.05
 Table 10 summarizes the comparative analysis of assessments of the

respondents when grouped according to age on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite.

The findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

when grouped according to age since the computed F-value of 40.24 is greater

than the computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 3 and 46 degree of freedom and

0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to age is rejected. This

implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to age differ significantly.

According to Lee et al. (2008), Various factors contribute to the

assessment of the oyster business among different age groups. Consumer

attitudes and behaviors play a crucial role, with age influencing oyster

consumption patterns, where older consumers show a higher proportion of oyster

consumption, primarily during winter, and prefer raw oysters from specific

purchase locations. While both study finding and literature touch upon the

influence of age on perceptions of the oyster business, but the literature

statement provides more context by exploring the specific consumer behaviors

and preferences that drive these differences.

 Based on researchers’ experiences and observations, the study findings

suggesting a significant difference in the assessments of the Respondents on the

Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped according to age align

with what they have noticed. Younger individuals might perceive the oyster

business differently, possibly influenced by modern perspectives or changing

economic landscapes, while older respondents might base their assessments on

traditional practices or long-standing industry norms. This disparity in

perspectives could stem from varying levels of exposure, knowledge, and

adaptability to new trends within the oyster industry.

Table 11

Significant Difference of Assessments When Grouped According to Gender

Computed Critical
Gender Mean SD Interpretation
t – Value t – Value
Male 3.46 0.12
26.45 2.01 Significant
Female 3.45 0.16
Degree of Freedom = 48 Level of Significance = 0.05

Table 11 summarizes the comparative analysis of assessments of the

respondents when grouped according to gender on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite.
 The findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

when grouped according to gender since the computed t-value of 26.45 is

greater than the computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 48 degree of freedom and

0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to gender is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to gender differ significantly.

According to Arquillano (2018), gender plays a significant role in the

assessment of the oyster business among respondents. Studies show that

women tend to have a more negative attitude towards mariculture oysters

compared to men, despite having similar intentions to consume them. Both study

finding and literature statements address the influence of gender on perceptions

of the oyster business. In contrast, study finding focuses on specific assessments

within a particular context, while the literature presents a broader perspective on

gender differences in attitudes towards maricultural oysters and their

consumption intentions.

Based on researcher`s experiences and observations, it's evident that

gender plays a notable role in how individuals perceive the status of the oyster

business in Cavite. In conversations and interactions, it's noticeable that men and
women often have differing perspectives on various industries, including the

oyster trade. These differing viewpoints can lead to significant variations in how

the oyster business is assessed, highlighting the importance of considering

diverse perspectives in understanding the industry's status.

Table 12

Significant Difference of Assessments When Grouped According to

Occupation

Computed Critical
Occupation Mean SD Interpretation
F – Value F – Value
Employed 3.45 0.14
Self-Employed 3.36 0.06
Unemployed 33.60 1.61 Significant
3.51 0.12
Retired 3.46 0.53
Degree of Freedom = 3 and 46 Level of Significance = 0.05

Table 12 summarizes the comparative analysis of assessments of the

respondents when grouped according to occupation on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite.

The findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

when grouped according to occupation since the computed F-value of 33.60 is

greater than the computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 3 and 46 degree of

freedom and 0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to occupation is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to occupation differ significantly.

According to Petrolia et al. (2014), the occupation of respondents

significantly influences their assessments of the status of the oyster business. the

socio-economic profile revealed a mature-aged oyster farmer population

engaged in part-time farming, potentially affecting innovation and growth, with

potential barriers hindering younger individuals from entering the industry. Study

finding and literature address the influence of occupation on respondents'

assessments of the oyster business, but the literature offers a more

comprehensive analysis by considering socio-economic factors and potential

implications for the industry's future.

The study findings reveal a notable contrast in the evaluations of the

Oyster Business in Cavite among respondents based on their occupations. This

suggests that individuals from different professional backgrounds perceive the

status of the oyster industry differently. These variances in perception could stem

from diverse experiences, expertise, and priorities inherent to each occupation.

 Table 13

Significant Difference of Assessments When Grouped According to

Address

Computed Critical
Address Mean SD Interpretation
F – Value F – Value
Alima 3.40 0.08
Banalo 3.31 0.27
Digman 3.41 0.08
Kaingin 3.48 0.04
Maliksi 3.53 0.04 194.93 1.61 Significant
Sineguelasan 3.42 0.21
Tabing-Dagat 3.48 0.04
Talaba 3.52 0.08
Zapote 3.58 0.03
Degree of Freedom = 8 and 41 Level of Significance = 0.05

Table 13 summarizes the comparative analysis of assessments of the

respondents when grouped according to Address on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite.

The findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

when grouped according to Address since the computed F-value of 194.93 is

greater than the computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 8 and 41 degree of

freedom and 0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to Address is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to Address differ significantly.

According to Summa et al. (2023), there is indeed a correlation between

the location of oyster businesses and their assessments. Research has shown

that the geographical origin of oysters can be mislabeled for economic gains,

with distinct microbiome signatures found in oysters from different locations.

While both study findings and literature relate to oyster businesses and their

locations, but the study finding primarily addresses subjective assessments by

respondents, whereas the literature focuses on objective scientific findings

regarding the characteristics of oysters from different locations and their potential

economic implications.

Based on the researcher's findings, it was observed that there exists a

notable contrast in the evaluations of respondents regarding the state of the

oyster business in Cavite when categorized by their respective addresses. This

implies that individuals from different locations within Cavite perceive the oyster

industry differently.
Research Problem Number 5. Based on findings what marketing plan could

be proposed?

Table 14. PROPOSED MARKETING PLAN

A. PRICE
AREAS OF CONCERN The current price of oysters in Bacoor is fair.
Oyster Tasting Event: Host a community oyster
tasting event where locals can sample different
varieties of oysters sourced from Bacoor and
neighboring areas.
SUGGESTED Educational Workshop on Oyster Farming:
PLANS/ACTIVITIES Organize a workshop or seminar on oyster farming
techniques and sustainability practices.
Promotional Oyster Dish Campaign: Collaborate
with local restaurants and eateries to create
promotional oyster dishes featuring Bacoor oysters.
Ms. Rozelle S. Sangalang, City Tourism and
OFFICE IN CHARGE
Cultural Affairs Officer
BUDGET Total Budget = Php 50,000
Budget Breakdown:
Oyster Tasting Event

● Venue: Rental of a covered space near the

bay or park (half day) - Php 5,000
● Oysters: Purchase of different oyster varieties
(5 kinds, 50 servings each) - Php 10,000
● Condiments: Lemons, calamansi, vinegar,
onions, etc. - Php 2,000
● Tables & Chairs: Rental - Php 1,000

● Signage & Decorations: Banners, table signs -

Php 1,000
● Marketing: Flyers, social media promotion -
Php 1,000
● Total: Php 20,000

Educational Workshop on Oyster Farming

● Venue: Covered space at a local government

office or school (full day) - Php 2,000
● Resource Speaker: Honorarium for an oyster
farming expert - Php 5,000
● Materials: Handouts, certificates - Php 1,000

● Snacks & Drinks: Refreshments for

participants - Php 1,000
● Marketing: Flyers, social media promotion -
Php 1,000
● Total: Php 10,000

Promotional Oyster Dish Campaign

● Partner Restaurants: Collaboration with 5

local restaurants
 ● Incentive: Provide participating restaurants
with a Php 2,000 discount on a one-month
supply of Bacoor oysters. (This assumes a
Php 5,000/month oyster cost per restaurant)
● Marketing: Create flyers and posters featuring
participating restaurants and their oyster
dishes. Distribute in strategic locations and
promote online (Php 5,000)
● Total: Php 15,000 (Restaurant incentive) +
Php 5,000 (Marketing) = Php 20,000
IMPLEMENTATION May 2024 Onwards
TIMELINE

B. PRODUCT

AREAS OF CONCERN The freshness of oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory.

Oyster Harvesting Experience: Organize a guided
tour to local oyster farms in Bacoor, Cavite, where
visitors can learn about the cultivation process
firsthand.
Oyster Tasting Event: Host an oyster tasting event
SUGGESTED in Bacoor, showcasing the various ways oysters are
PLANS/ACTIVITIES prepared and served while emphasizing their
freshness.
Oyster Quality Assurance Workshop: Offer a
workshop or seminar focused on ensuring the
continued freshness and quality of oysters in
Bacoor.
Ms. Rozelle S. Sangalang, City Tourism and
OFFICE IN CHARGE
Cultural Affairs Officer
BUDGET Total Budget = Php 23,500.00
BREAKDOWN:
A. Oyster Harvesting Experience

● Transportation (Van rental for half day): Php

3,000
● Local guide fees (half day): Php 1,500

● Entrance fee to oyster farms (20 pax x Php

100): Php 2,000
● Refreshments for participants (20 pax x Php
50): Php 1,000
● Miscellaneous (gloves, boots, etc.): Php 500

● Total: Php 8,000

B. Oyster Tasting Event

● Venue rental (covered space for 20 pax): Php

2,000
● Oyster supplies (fresh oysters, cooking
ingredients): Php 5,000
● Cooking equipment rentals (grills, tables,
etc.): Php 1,000
● Utensils and plates (disposable, 20 pax): Php
500
● Beverages (drinks for participants): Php 1,000

● Total: Php 10,000

C. Oyster Quality Assurance Workshop

● Venue rental (classroom for 20 pax): Php

1,500
● Resource speaker (expert on oyster quality):
Php 3,000
 ● Training materials (handouts, certificates):
Php 500
● Snacks for participants (20 pax): Php 500

● Total: Php 5,500

IMPLEMENTATION May 2024 Onwards

TIMELINE

C. PLACE

AREAS OF CONCERN There are enough vendors selling oysters in

Bacoor.
Oyster Festival: Organize an annual oyster
festival in Bacoor, Cavite, celebrating the local
oyster culture and industry.
Oyster Farm Tours: Offer guided tours to local
SUGGESTED oyster farms, providing visitors with an
PLANS/ACTIVITIES immersive experience into the process of oyster
cultivation and harvesting.
Oyster Gastronomy Workshops: Host
workshops and cooking classes focused on
creative ways to prepare and cook oysters.
Ms. Rozelle S. Sangalang, City Tourism and
OFFICE IN CHARGE
Cultural Affairs Officer
BUDGET Total Budget= Php 450,000
BREAKDOWN:
Oyster Festival: (Estimated Budget: Php
300,000)

● Venue: Public park or waterfront area

(rental fee) - Php 50,000
 ● Stage and sound system: Rental and
setup - Php 30,000
● Oyster exhibits and booths: Local oyster
growers, vendors - Php 50,000 (subsidy
or waived fees)
● Live entertainment: Local bands, cultural
performances - Php 70,000
● Food stalls: Focus on oyster dishes and
Caviteño cuisine - Php 50,000 (subsidy
or waived fees)
● Promotional materials: Posters, flyers,
social media marketing - Php 50,000
Oyster Farm Tours: (Estimated Budget: Php
50,000)

● Transportation: Vans or boats for tour

participants - Php 20,000
● Partnership with Oyster Farms: Entrance
fees, guides - Php 10,000 (negotiate
special rates)
● Educational materials: Pamphlets on
oyster cultivation - Php 5,000
● Refreshments: Light snacks and water
for participants - Php 15,000
Oyster Gastronomy Workshops: (Estimated
Budget: Php 100,000)

● Venue: Local restaurant or community

center - Php 10,000 (rent or waived fee)
● Cooking Instructors: Local chefs
specializing in oyster dishes - Php 40,000
● Ingredients: Oysters, other necessary
ingredients for workshops - Php 20,000
 ● Equipment: Cooking utensils, tables,
chairs - Php 10,000 (rent or use existing
facilities)
● Marketing and promotion: Flyers, social
media for workshops - Php 20,000
IMPLEMENTATION May 2024 Onwards
TIMELINE

D. PROMOTIONAL

Promotional efforts effectively target the intended

AREAS OF CONCERN
customer base for oysters in Bacoor.
Community Oyster Tasting Event: Organize a
community oyster tasting event in Bacoor, Cavite,
showcasing the variety and quality of oysters
available locally.
Social Media Campaign: Launch a targeted social
SUGGESTED
media campaign focused on promoting Bacoor's
PLANS/ACTIVITIES
oysters to the intended customer base.
Collaborative Marketing with Local Restaurants:
Partner with local restaurants and eateries in Bacoor
to create special oyster-centric menus or dishes
featuring locally sourced oysters.
Ms. Rozelle S. Sangalang, City Tourism and
OFFICE IN CHARGE
Cultural Affairs Officer
BUDGET Total Budget = Php 180,000
BREAKDOWN:
Community Oyster Tasting Event: (Estimated
Cost: Php 100,000)

● Venue: Public park or covered space (rental

fee) - Php 20,000
 ● Oyster Suppliers: Local oyster growers
(purchase of oysters) - Php 40,000
● Preparation & Cooking: Catering or chefs
(preparation of different oyster dishes) - Php
20,000
● Tables, Chairs, & Utensils: Rentals - Php
10,000
● Promotional Materials: Flyers & signage - Php
10,000
Social Media Campaign: (Estimated Cost: Php
50,000)

● Content Creation: Photos & videos

showcasing Bacoor oysters
(photographer/videographer) - Php 15,000
● Social Media Ads: Targeted Facebook &
Instagram ads - Php 20,000
● Community Management: Engaging with
followers and promoting event - Php 15,000
Collaborative Marketing with Local Restaurants:
(Estimated Cost: Php 30,000)

● Restaurant Partnership: Incentives for

featuring oyster dishes (discounts, coupons) -
Php 20,000
● Promotional Materials: Co-branded flyers &
social media posts - Php 10,000
IMPLEMENTATION May 2024 Onwards
TIMELINE
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter provides a brief statement of the problems addressed in this

study, summary of the date collection process, the findings and the

generalizations, and the related recommendations based on the findings.

Summary

This study has investigated on the assess the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City.

Specifically, it sought answers of the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender;

1.3. Occupation; and

1.4. Address?
 2. How did the respondents assess the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite as assessed by selected residents of Bacoor City in terms of the

following:

2.1. Price;

2.2. Product;

2.3. Place; and

2.4. Promotional?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the assessments of the

respondents regarding of oyster’s business in Bacoor, Cavite and their

profile?

4. Is there a significant difference in the responses of the respondents when

group according to their demographic profile?

5. Based on finding, what marketing plan could be proposed?

This study utilized the descriptive research method. This research design

is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena

to describe “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

Since the events or conditions have already occurred or existed, relevant

variables are merely selected for an analysis of their relationship.

Findings

The following findings were drawn from the investigation:

 1. The data showed that out of 50 respondents, 32 percent or 16 of them

ages 26-40 years old, while 28 percent or 14 of them ages 56-60 years old, 26

percent or 13 of them ages 18-25 years old, and the remaining 14 percent or 7 of

them ages 41-55 years old.

As to gender, 56 percent or 28 of them are male, while 44 percent or 22 of

them are female.

As to occupation, 38 percent or 19 of them were employed, while 36

percent or 18 of them were unemployed, 16 percent or 8 of them self-employed,

and the remaining 10 percent or 5 of them were retired.

As to address, 12 percent or 6 of them were from Alima, while 12 percent

or 6 of them were from Digman, also 12 percent or 6 of them were from Kaingin,

another 12 percent or 6 of them were from Maliksi, 12 percent or 6 of them were

from Sineguelasan, 10 percent or 5 of them were from Banalo, 10 percent or 5 of

them as well were from Tabing-Dagat, also 10 percent or 5 of them were from

Talaba, and the remaining 10 percent or 5 of them were from Zapote.

2. As to price, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in

Terms of Price.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: the current price of oysters in Bacoor is fair (3.54), cycling tourism as an

alternative way to avoid crowded commutes (3.32), the cost of production

significantly impacts the final price of oysters (3.50), the price of oysters

fluctuates significantly throughout the year (3.48), the price of oysters in Bacoor

is competitive with other areas (3.44), and higher quality oysters are priced

appropriately in Bacoor (3.38).

As to product, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.49) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in

Terms of Product.

Specifically, the respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: the freshness of oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory (3.56), there is a

sufficient supply of oysters to meet customer demand in Bacoor (3.56), there is

a variety of oyster sizes available in Bacoor (3.48), Bacoor offers different types

of oysters (e.g., tahong, talaba) (3.44), and the quality of oysters in Bacoor is

consistently good (3.40).

As to place, over-all, findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.40) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms of

Place.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: there are enough vendors selling oysters in Bacoor (3.52), innovations in

technology and farming practices contribute positively to risk mitigation in the

oyster business in Bacoor, Cavite (3.42), the accessibility of oyster vendors in

Bacoor is convenient (3.36), the cleanliness of areas selling oysters in Bacoor is

satisfactory (3.36), and the storage facilities for oysters in Bacoor are adequate

(3.34).

As to promotion, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in

Terms of Promotion.

Specifically, the Respondents STRONGLY AGREED in the following

areas: promotional efforts effectively target the intended customer base for

oysters in Bacoor (3.54), social media is a widely used platform for promoting

oysters in Bacoor (3.48), oyster vendors in Bacoor effectively advertise their

products (3.46), the current promotions accurately represent the quality and

value of oysters in Bacoor (3.44), and there are enough promotional activities to

increase oyster sales in Bacoor (3.42).

3. The findings revealed that the age is negatively low correlated with the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

(r = -0.01) and the relationship is not significant since the computed t-value of

0.48 is less than the computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of

significance and 48 degree of freedom.

Gender is negatively low correlated with the assessments of the

respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = -0.03) and the

relationship is not significant since the computed t-value of 1.44 is less than the
computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

Occupation is positively low correlated with the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = 0.12) and the

relationship is significant since the computed t-value of 5.80 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

Address is positively moderate correlated with the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite (r = 0.32) and the

relationship is significant since the computed t-value of 16.21 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 0.05 level of significance and 48 degree of

freedom.

4. There is a significant difference in the significant difference in the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite

when grouped according to age since the computed F-value of 40.24 is greater

than the computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 3 and 46 degree of freedom and

0.05 level of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to age is rejected. This

implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to age differ significantly.

 As to gender, there is a significant difference in the assessments of the

Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped

according to gender since the computed t-value of 26.45 is greater than the

computed critical t-value of 2.01 with 48 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of

significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to gender is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to gender differ significantly.

As to occupation, there is a significant difference in the assessments

of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped

according to occupation since the computed F-value of 33.60 is greater than the

computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 3 and 46 degree of freedom and 0.05 level

of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to occupation is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to occupation differ significantly.

As to address, there is a significant difference in the assessments of

the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite when grouped

according to Address since the computed F-value of 194.93 is greater than the
computed critical F-value of 1.61 with 8 and 41 degree of freedom and 0.05 level

of significance.

Therefore, the null hypothesis of there is no significant difference in the

assessments of Respondents when grouped according to Address is rejected.

This implies that the assessments of the respondents on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite when grouped according to Address differ significantly.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

5. Majority of the respondents’ ages 26-40 years old, male, were employed, and

were from Alima, Digman, Kaingin, Sineguelasan, and Maliksi.

6. The respondents STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster

Business in Cavite in Terms of Price.

6.1. As to product, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.49) on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite in Terms of Product.

6.2. As to place, over-all, findings revealed that the respondents STRONGLY

AGREED (3.40) on the Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite in Terms

of Place.

6.3. As to promotion, over-all, the findings revealed that the respondents

STRONGLY AGREED (3.47) on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite in Terms of Promotion.

 7. Generally, occupation and address have a positive correlation between the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite and the relationship is significant.

While age and gender have a negative correlation between the

assessments of the Respondents on the Status of the Oyster Business in

Cavite but the relationship is not significant.

8. On the other hand, there is a significant difference in the assessments of

the respondents on the Factors Affecting Consumers’ Satisfaction in Selected

Cycling purposes in Kawit Cavite when grouped according to age, gender,

occupation, and address.

Recommendations

In view of the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations

are made:

3. A parallel study maybe conducted to other places with bigger sample to

confirm or validate the findings of the present study.

4. The proposed marketing plan be considered and tried.

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APPENDICES
Part 1. Demographic Profile
Directions: Put a check in the box with your corresponding answers for the
following questions below:

1. Age:
18 to 25 years
26 to 40 years
40 to 55 years
56 to 60 years

2. Gender:
Male
Female

3. Occupation:
Employed
Self-employed
Retired
Unemployed

4. Address:
Alima
Banalo
Digman
Kaingin
Maliksi
Sineguelasan
Tabing Dagat
 Talaba
Zapote

Part 2. Status of the Oyster Business in Cavite as assessed by selected

residents of Bacoor City: Basis for a Proposed Food Tourism Plan.

Introduction: Please check the column that corresponds to your answer.

Scale:
4 - Strongly agree 3 - Agree 2- Disagree 1- Strongly
Disagree

4 3 2 1

A. Price:

1. The current price of oysters in Bacoor is fair.

2. The price of oysters fluctuates significantly throughout

the year.

3. The price of oysters in Bacoor is competitive with other

areas.

4. Higher quality oysters are priced appropriately in

Bacoor.

5. The cost of production significantly impacts the final

price of oysters.

B. Product:

1. The quality of oysters in Bacoor is consistently good.

2. There is a variety of oyster sizes available in Bacoor.

 3. Bacoor offers different types of oysters (e.g., tahong,
talaba).

4. The freshness of oysters in Bacoor is satisfactory.

5. There is a sufficient supply of oysters to meet

customer demand in Bacoor.

C. Place:

1. There are enough vendors selling oysters in Bacoor.

2. The accessibility of oyster vendors in Bacoor is

convenient.

3. The cleanliness of areas selling oysters in Bacoor is

satisfactory.

4. The storage facilities for oysters in Bacoor are

adequate.

5. Innovations in technology and farming practices

contribute positively to risk mitigation in the oyster
business in Bacoor, Cavite.

D. Promotion:

1. Oyster vendors in Bacoor effectively advertise their

products.

2. There are enough promotional activities to increase

oyster sales in Bacoor.

3. Social media is a widely used platform for promoting

oysters in Bacoor.

4. The current promotions accurately represent the

quality and value of oysters in Bacoor.

5. Promotional efforts effectively target the intended

customer base for oysters in Bacoor.

Thank you for participating in this survey! Your responses will contribute
to our research on the oyster business in Bacoor, Cavite.
CERTIFICATES
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Joven Alvarez
jovenalvarez7@[Link]

09608738868

Blk 9 Lot 19 Rockwell Toclong Kawit, Cavite

OBJECTIVE

Looking for a position in a fast-paced company where I can start my career and

develop a strong skill set. A dedicated individual seeking a demanding position

where I can demonstrate my skills and contribute to the expansion of the

company.

KEY SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES

• Time management

• Adaptability.

• Flexibility

• Attentiveness

• Patience

CERTIFICATIONS

Fynn Boutique Hotel (Intern)

June 2023 – August 2023

Coast guard (Intern)

March 2019 – April 2019

Hospitality Institute of America (Online Internship)

August 2022 – December 2022

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

Tertiary: ISHRM School System – Bachelor of Science in Hospitality

Management

2020 – Present

Secondary Rosario Institute Senior high school

and junior high school (Rosario, Cavite)

2013 – 2019

PERSONAL DETAILS

Date of Birth: September 16 2000

Place of Birth: Rosario Cavite
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino

Marielle G. Feliciano

mariellefeliciano930@[Link]
09936862741

Felizardo Compound. Kaingin City of Bacoor, Cavite

OBJECTIVE

To enable students to develop my practical and managerial skills and be

able to apply them effectively.

KEY SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES

● Ability to Teamwork

● Time Management

● Willingness to Learn new things

CERTIFICATIONS

● Flexible Industry Practicum – Hospitality Management Track – Restaurant

and Hotel Operation at Hospitality Institute of America-Philippines INC.

(HIAP)

● On The Job Training – Midas Hotel and Casino

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

Tertiary: ISHRM School System – Bachelor of Science in Hospitality

Management

2020 – Present

Secondary: SHS: St. Matthew Academy of Cavite

2018 – 2020

St. Matthew Academy of Cavite

2014 - 2018

Primary: St. Matthew Academy of Cavite

2008 – 2014

PERSONAL DETAILS

Date of Birth: September 30, 2001

Place of Birth: Iloilo City

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino
Vialyn Jesiree Lopez

vialynlopez23@[Link]

09475425131

250 Tabon 1 Kawit, Cavite

OBJECTIVE

I am looking for a suitable job and opportunity where I could practice my

knowledge and develop my personality as a career person while utilizing my skill.

KEY SKILLS AND COMPETENCIES

● Time Management

● Communication Skills

● Teamwork

CERTIFICATIONS

● Flexible Industry Practicum – Hospitality Management Track – Restaurant

and Hotel Operation at Hospitality Institute of America-Philippines INC.

(HIAP)
 ● On The Job Training – Fynn Boutique Hotel

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS

Tertiary: ISHRM School System – Bachelor of Science in Hospitality

Management

2020 - Present

Secondary: SHS: Asian Caregiving and Technology Education Centers –

Bacoor Cavite

2018 – 2020

La Camelle School

2016 - 2018

Primary: Precious Gems of Camella School

2007 – 2012

PERSONAL DETAILS

Date of Birth: August 23, 2001

Place of Birth: Kawit Cavite

Civil Status: Single

Citizenship: Filipino