NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

GROUP REPORT

Mgt212, section: 06

Submission Date: 26.11.2024

SUBMITTED TO: Afnaan Ahmed (Afd)

SUBMITTED BY:

Name ID Topic Name Additional Work

1. K. M. Nawreen 2231423630 Decision Making Cover page, file
Zannat compile

2. Karima Iqbal Iesa 2231228020 Strategic Management Card collect, Table of

Contents

3. Afia Mahmud 2413489630 Organization Design Introduction

& Structure

4. Saima Islam 2413314630 MGT Module Reference

5. Faria Naorin 2411629630 Control Conclusion
 Table of Contents

Introduction……………….………………… 1

MGT Module……........................……………

2-

 Decision Making…….......................................

 Organizational Design and Structure………..

 Control.………….............................................

Strategic Management……………….………..

 Conclusion………………………….…………
 INTRODUCTION

Cash N Carry is a departmental store, that is known for its convenience, quality, and great
customer service. It was established in 2022 by the SK business group. It has only one outlet
operating in Banashree, Rampura. Over the years Cash N Carry has been able to gain
customers' trust. They offer a full-line product assortment that comprises non-food products,
such as houseware and cosmetics, electronic products, and food products from grocery items
via dairy products, up to fresh fish, meat, vegetables, and fruits. Indeed, it has emerged as the
best shopping option for customers of all classes by making way for affordable and quality
products.

Cash N Carry offers a wide range of products such as groceries, clothing, electronics, home
goods, pet care, cleaning items, and beauty products. Over the years, the company has
achieved its customer's trust by providing quality products at an affordable rate. They arrears
to be the first super shop in Banashree area with easy access to all needed commodities under
one roof. Making life easy for people who lives there. The store's commitment to customer
happiness is evident in its individualized service, well-organized layout, and ongoing
promotional offers. While many modern food retail ventures, including Agora and Meena
Bazar focus on higher-income areas like Gulshan, Banani, But Cash N Carry followed a
different strategy. They began their journey in a particular area where it is affordable for both
middle and lower-middle class people.

Cash N Carry knows how to serve the customers in a very friendly manner; besides, it also
contributes to the broader welfare of the community. They Participate in action that favors
environmental and community well-being. The store works on sustainability by reducing
plastic, and environmentally friendly practices, and sourcing products locally wherever it can.
Such initiatives would go a long way in projecting the company's eco-awareness and would
also foster local enterprises in a more significant economic ecosystem. Hence, Cash N Carry,
in creating a conscience on social issues, operates in sync with global trends on sustainability,
thus creating a generation and making an impact on both customers and the environment. Its
motto "Where Quality Meets Affordability" suggests good quality products that do not cost
much. Cash N Carry will be there for shopping needs-from every day to special buys-with the
same friendly shopping experience.
 Management Module

Management modules are structured approaches designed to increase an organization's

efficiency and effectiveness.

There are four major approaches to management theory:

1. Classical Approach:
The classical approach is basically a task based approach, which is focused on making the
organization and the workforce as efficient as possible. Two major theories compose the
Classical Approach. These are-
● Scientific Management: It was invented by Frederick W. Taylor. He described the
theory of scientific methods to define one of the best ways to get jobs done. Hiring the
workers based on task requirements and cooperating with them to ensure all the work
is done.

● General Administrative Theory: It is focused on what managers do and the good

management practices. It was published by Henri Fayol in 1916. He divided the
managers' job into five factors- planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and
controlling.

Henri Fayol developed fourteen principles of management-

2. Behavioral Approach:
The Behavioural Approach is focused on the organization's human factors as well as
employee motivation to make the managers more sensitive to their employees' wants and
needs.
There are four types of organizational behavior (OB) approach-
● Robert Owen- Late 1700s- focused on proper working conditions.
●
● Mary Parker- Early 1900s- proposed more people oriented ideas.
 ● Hugo Musterberg- Early 1900s- suggested psychological tests for employee selection.

● Chester Barnard- 1930s- believed the supporting communication of the managers for
motivation.

★Hauthone Studies- the most important contribution to the Organizational Behavior (OB)
field. It was a series of studies which continued for 8 years.

3. Quantitative Approach:
The quantitative approach is basically number and statistic-based analysis. Here, decisions
are made by different mathematical analysis.
★Total Quality Management- a philosophy of management, driven by continuous
improvement to customers' needs and expectations.

4. Contingency Approach:
The contingency approach is a backup plan based on three factors.
● Size of the organization- small, medium, large

● Types of technology- simple or complex

● Labour force- types of employees

Management Practices in Cash N Carry

Cash N Carry is a renowned department store chain that has played a significant role in the
development of retail. Its history and management practices highlight modern retail
management techniques in an evolving perspective.

1. Classical Approach:
The journey of Cash N Carry began by adopting the principles of scientific management
introduced by Frederick Taylor. The store initially focused on efficient stocking and
inventory and the aspect of time management at each function in daily operations. By
standardizing its functions, the company managed to streamline product displays and lessen
queues for customers.

Over time, Cash N Carry applied Henri Fayol's 14 Principles of Management, especially in
the following facets:
Division of Work: Specialized teams were implemented that worked on a specific
department, such as groceries, electronics, and clothing.
Unity of Direction: There was a well-defined organizational structure or hierarchy that
oriented all departments towards the same goals.

2. Behavioral Approach:
At the mid-phase of its development, Cash N Carry began to focus on the role of employees
in organizational success. Triggered by Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Studies, employee
engagement initiatives, periodic training, and incentive programs were adopted. These
increased morale and productivity.

3. Quantitative Approach:
With the coming of technology, Cash N Carry followed the Quantitative Approach, whereby
it integrated technology into the system. It modernized the ERP systems to manage the
supply chain, inventory, and customer information efficiently.

4. Contingency Approach:
The company was easily able to adapt to the dynamic market conditions based on the flexible
management style proposed by the Contingency Theory. As an example, during the COVID-
19 pandemic, Cash N Carry shifted to online sales and home deliveries, ensuring continuity
in the business while meeting customers' needs.

Analysis and Conclusion

The management evolution of Cash N Carry has shown strategic adaptability and effective
utilization of management theories, which are as follows:

● Efficiency: Early adoption of Taylor's Scientific Management streamlined operations

and established a strong foundation.
● Structure: Fayol's principles enhanced departmental coordination and goal alignment.
● Employee Focus: Behavioral management improved workforce morale and
productivity, aligning with Mayo's studies.
 ● Technology: The Systems Approach modernized inventory and supply chain
processes, boosting efficiency and customer satisfaction.
● Agility: Contingency Theory allowed rapid adjustment to challenges such as the
COVID-19 pandemic.
● Innovativeness: Self-service kiosks and loyalty programs were essential for enhancing
customer experience and maintaining competitive advantage.

Cash N Carry's history shows how the integration of management theories with innovation
creates long-term success. Its adaptability, investment in employees, and embracing
technology have kept it on top in retailing. This journey indeed underpins the importance of
blending historical insights with modern strategies in order to sustain and grow competitive.
 Decision Making

Decision making means the action or process of making important and critical decisions for
an organization. It is a process of selecting one course of action from a range of possibilities.
Taking the right decision for a company is extremely important as it helps the company to
achieve its goals and objectives.

The decision making role of the management is the ‘heart’ of the executive activities in the
organization. It is the essential core of executive functions within the organization. There are
few steps that help the organization to achieve its ultimate goal. Making the right decision is
one of the first and foremost steps. This process involves identifying a goal, getting the
relevant and necessary information, and weighing the alternatives in order to make a
decision. The most important job of any manager is making decisions. It is also the hardest
and the most risky managerial function. Managers at all the levels take decisions for the
achievement of the organizational objectives. This concept is relevant to both significant
strategies aimed at long-term goals and minor choices that contribute to immediate
objectives.

Sometimes, a business can face difficulties and uncertainties. But if the managers and the
employees work through it and make a correct decision, then they can easily handle the
situation. Large companies rely heavily on decision making process and the way managers
respond to these decisions can have a significant effect on the organization's performance.
The effectiveness and promptness of decision-making is the key determinant of the success or
failure of the organizational management.

Fig: decision making process

Cash n Carry decision making process:

Cash and carry refers to a trading model whereby products are sold directly from a wholesale
warehouse, either through a self-service approach or by utilizing samples. It is a customer
based service. So, the company makes sure they are fulfilling all the consumers’ needs and
demands. As a manager of cash n carry, it is essential to consider several factors prior to
making a decision.

Types of Decision Making:

1. Rational Decision Making: Psychology tells that our emotions are the primary motivators
of our behaviour, whereas logic serves merely to rationalize our actions retrospectively. As a
manager in a departmental store like Cash n Carry, they must make rational decisions. The
process involves recognizing the issue that needs resolution, collecting relevant information,
determining possible alternatives and their consequences, evaluating these options, taking
into account all interconnections, and ultimately making a decision.
For example, Cash n Carry manager will review the database to identify which items
customers are likely to purchase more frequently. Subsequently, these items will be made
available in the store.

2. Intuitional Decision Making: Intuitive decision-making refers to the natural process by

which individuals make decisions, relying on instinct and personal insight rather than formal
tools or structured methods. Intuition is often described as operating without conscious
thought, akin to the phrase "trusting one's gut" or employing a sixth sense, reminiscent of the
concept of "using the force.". It is also known as the weakest decision making as it is rather
emotional than logical. Intuitive decision-making frequently involves correlating current
situations with pertinent past experiences, allowing for rapid conclusions to be drawn. This
doesn’t necessarily mean the managers act without thinking.
For example, as a manager of a departmental store like Cash n Carry, they can offer more
discounts, so that it will attract the customers more. The intuition relies on identifying the
suitable discount factors to utilize and the managerial insight necessary to interpret the
outcomes.

3. Evidence Based Management: Evidence-based management means good-quality

decisions should be based on a combination of critical thinking and the best available
evidence. Evidence refers to the information, facts, or data that either support or challenge a
particular claim, assumption, or hypothesis. In this process, a manager usually takes decisions
based on past experience. Every organization, regardless of its size, is required to make
decisions on a daily basis. Each decision influences the business in distinct ways.
Example: Cash n Carry, being a departmental store, it is essential to check the database
whether or not to enter or exit an existing market, introducing a new product or service to
their offering, withdrawing or discontinuing an existing product or service or targeting a new
or existing customer segment.
Types of Problems and Decisions:
1. Structured Problems: Structured problems are well defined and generally comprehended.
They present a specific issue, identifiable variables, and can typically be articulated with
clarity. Such problems are often more straightforward to resolve, as they rely on established
rules, procedures, or algorithms. These problems are more manageable to resolve due to their
reliance. Structured problems tend to exhibit lower complexity as they rely on established
parameters and a predetermined solution pathway. Typically, these problems can be
deconstructed into smaller, more manageable components.
For example, if Cash n Carry’s sales go lower than usual then it is going to be a structural
problem. To solve this, they have to follow a systematic routine approach. Managers need to
gather and assess information or data regarding the issue. After that, identify the cause and
work through it.
2. Unstructured Problems: Unstructured problems are characterized by a lack of clear
definition, solution, or established process. While they can present significant challenges,
they also offer opportunities for rewarding and stimulating experiences. One of the reasons
unstructured problems are more complex than structured problems is they are influenced by
multiple, interrelated factors and do not have a unique solution.
Example: If Cash n Carry’s manager notices that employee motivation has dropped recently,
but cannot identify the exact reasons. This problem is unclear and requires a different
approach to identify the factors contributing to decreasing motivation and to develop
appropriate measures to improve the situation.
3. Programmed Decisions: Programmed decisions refer to those that are routine and
repetitive in nature, which can be managed through predefined rules, procedures, or
guidelines. Such decisions are generally characterized by a clear structure and yield
predictable results.
For example, Cash n Carry managers need to determine the quantity of products to order,
how much stock there are, and estimating the duration for which the stock will last are all
components of programmed decision-making.
4. Nonprogrammed Decisions: Non-programmed decisions are usually more complex than
programmed decisions. These decisions are characterized by uncertainty, ambiguity, and
complexity, which complicate the reliance on established procedures or guidelines.
Example: When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in 2019, Cash n Carry encountered
challenges that were previously unfamiliar to them.

Decision-Making Conditions
1. Certainty: In situations like certainty, manager has access to precise, quantifiable, and
dependable information and knowledge. The relationships between causes and effects are
well understood. Consequently, both the future and the outcomes are highly foreseeable in
such conditions.
Example: As Cash n Carry is customer oriented, the manager mostly knows the demand of
their consumers.
2. Risk: When manager has partial or limited information regarding the opportunities and
risks linked to each option, as well as the probabilities and potential outcomes of each choice.
Example: If Cash n Carry begins to offer a new product, they possess knowledge about the
product itself; however, they remain uncertain regarding the customers' preferences for it.
3. Uncertainty: When making decisions in a state of complete uncertainty, one lacks
information and understanding regarding future events and their potential results. The future
remains uncertain, and it is impossible to predict the events that may transpire and influence
the results of choices.
Example: If a Cash n Carry business ventures into a new market without any knowledge of
the competitors or the market dynamics, the outcome remains uncertain.

Decision-Making Biases and Errors:

1. Overconfidence Bias: Overconfidence bias refers to a cognitive flaw where individuals
have a tendency to overestimate their own abilities, knowledge, and skills in specific
domains. This misjudgement can result in errors in both judgment and decision-making
processes. The overestimation may present itself in several forms, including an exaggerated
sense of control, unwarranted optimism, or a failure to adequately assess the risks associated
with a given situation.
For example, if the manager believes that a minimal number of sales personnel is sufficient
to manage customer traffic during peak hours, he may be overconfident in his judgment and
overestimating their capabilities and skills.
2. Anchoring Effect: Anchoring bias, often referred to as the anchoring effect, describes that
managers tend to use the first piece of information that they receive on a subject. They
frequently concentrate on this preliminary information like recent 2 year’s information rather
than seeking to deepen their understanding of the topic.
Example: Customers for a product or service are generally influenced by a sales price
established by a retailer or recommended by a salesperson. Any subsequent negotiations
regarding the product are typically based on that price, irrespective of the actual cost
involved.
3. Selective Perception: Selective perception is the process by which humans select,
categorize, and analyse stimuli from their surroundings. It can be a negative approach for the
business.
For example, if the manager of Cash n Carry exhibits a gender bias favouring males and
treats female employees differently, it could have negative effects on the store's operations.
4. Confirmation Bias: Confirmation bias refers to the inclination to seek out, interpret, or
recall information in a manner that reinforces our pre-existing beliefs or cognitive biases.
Example: Cash n Carry manager might rely on their gut feeling when making a decision,
instead of looking at the numbers because they do not consider past failure.
5. Self-serving Bias: It basically means when success is achieved, managers claim the credit,
whereas if there is a failure, they assign blame.
For example, if the manager attributes successful projects to their hard work and skills, while
blaming unfavourable work conditions for failed projects to other employees.
Effective Decision Making Process:
Decision-making plays a crucial role in the operations and marketing strategies of an
organization. On a daily basis, organizations encounter numerous decisions, and the manner
in which these decisions are managed and executed can significantly influence their overall
performance. Therefore, it is essential for organizations to establish efficient and systematic
procedures for decision-making. Furthermore, management must actively seek to improve the
efficiency and quality of these processes. It is also important for organizations to embrace
and implement various best practices in decision-making to enhance their operational and
marketing strategies. The process of making decisions is essential for managers and leaders to
guarantee that their choices are well-informed and beneficial to the organization.
Incorporating feedback and assessing the results of decisions contributes to the improvement
of future decision-making approaches. This is why, it need to have an efficient, well
organised procedures in place to handle such decisions. Organizational management must
also strive to improve the overall efficiency and quality of decision-making processes.

Analysis: The concept of decision making refers to a 'commitment to take action.' The
process can be viewed as the act of making deliberate and well-informed decisions among
various potential actions. Good quality decisions are impactful and empower an organization
to sustain its competitive edge, synchronize its internal processes with the external
environment, and endure various threats and challenges. Conversely, a single poor-quality
decision, due to its significance, can lead to a decline in organizational performance, resulting
in corporate embarrassment and substantial financial losses. So it is very important to take the
correct decision for the betterment of the company. It refers to the act of selecting a course of
action from various alternatives. However, this process can be challenging and may become
especially intricate within an organizational framework. Decision-making plays a crucial role
in the operations of any organization as well as in the formulation of its marketing strategy.
As Cash n Carry is service based business, are faced with thousands of decisions on a daily
basis, and how they handle and process these decisions can have substantial impact on their
performance. A high-pressure atmosphere characterized by extended discussions and
experimentation can be exhausting; therefore, maintaining good health and incorporating
regular breaks can enhance your productivity. This is why, decision making process is
important which helps the business to grow more and efficient.
 Organizing Design and Structure
INTRO:
Organizing is the process of creating an organization’s structure. An organizing structure
specifies how work and duties are distributed within an organization. It specifies who reports
to whom and how various operations, such as sales and customer service, are arranged. In
smaller firms, this structure is more straightforward, with individuals undertaking a variety of
functions. As the organization expands, its structure gets more defined, with specialized
positions that promote efficiency and clarity.
Cash N Carry is a departmental store and they follow a specific organizational structure such
as:-
1. Work specialization: The degree to which tasks in an organization are divided into
separate jobs, also known as division of labor.
 Job Rotation: Dividing work among the new employees.
 Example: Cash N Carry allows part-time students to participate in paid
internship programs. Employees are rotated through individual departments to
have hands-on experience in every department. After that, the employee can
choose where they are comfortable working at.
 Job Simplification: Dividing routine and non-challenging work among
employees.
 Example: Cash N Carry follows job simplification by assigning the
employees the same and repetitive tasks. Such as cashiers only operate at the
checkout zone and cleaners are only assigned to clean specific areas.
 Job enlargement/ specialization: Dividing challenging work among
employees.
 Example: In Cash N Carry Budgeting, Planning and Controlling are handled
by senior managers.

2. Departmentalization: The basis by which jobs are grouped together.

 Functional Departmentalization: Groups jobs by functions performed in an
organization. In this model, the department has a specific set of tasks related to
their functions.
 Example: Human resources is responsible for hiring, training employees, and
scheduling shifts. Quality Control Ensures that products meet quality
standards, checks for defects, and maintains customer satisfaction. Operation
Management oversees inventory, coordinating with suppliers, and ensuring
smooth customer service and operational efficiency.
 Product Departmentalization: The organization groups jobs by product line.
Each product or product line has its department responsible for development,
production, marketing, and sales.
 Example: Cash N Carry has an individual product line for meat, dairy and
grocery sections. Other companies like Unilever Bangladesh and Nestle also
follow this model.
 Geographical Departmentalization: Groups jobs on the basis of territory or
geography. In this model, the organization structure is based on work areas.
 Example: Cash N Carry is a small department store with only one store. their
operation is organized and not scattered. So it is to say that Cash N carry
doesn’t follow this model.
  Process Departmentalization: Groups jobs based on product or customer flow.
Process departmentalization involves organizing activities based on the
specific processes involved in producing a product or delivering a service.
 Example: Cash N Carry maintains their product structure to ensure that it
serves high-quality products. To achieve this they provide mandatory training
of their staff. The staff are supervised on a daily basis, providing them with
instructions and guidance.
 Customer Departmentalization: Groups jobs on the basis of common
customers. This model structures the organization based on customers' age,
income, and needs.
 Example: Cash N Carry serves different types of customers including retail
and wholesale customers.

3. Chain of Command and Unity Of Command: The continuous line of authority

that extends from upper organizational levels to the lowest levels and clarifies who
reports to whom.
 Example: In Cash N Carry the manager is in charge of making choices and
managing things. The supervisor is in charge of day-to-day operations,
including staff management and customer service. The team handles tasks
such as working at the cash register, stocking shelves, and assisting customers.
Cleaning and delivery are handled by support workers as needed.

4. Span of control: The number of employees a manager can efficiently and

effectively manage. It can be done in two ways Tall and Flat. In the Tall model, a
manager supervises people of a minimum of 1 to 10. It is preferable for small
organizations. In Flat the manager supervised a maximum employees from 1 to 100.
In general, Flat is preferable. It is suitable for large organizations.
 Example: Cash and Carry is performing their operations in a small shop. The
manager supervises around 4 to 6 employees. These employees handle tasks
like operating the cash register, restocking shelves, and assisting customers.
This narrow span of control allows the manager to closely monitor each
employee, provide direct guidance, and maintain effective communication.

5. Centralization and decentralization: The degree to which decision-making is

concentrated at a single point in the organization. In Centralization, the senior
managers control the employees. The employees don’t take part in decision-
making. On the other hand, Decentralization is The degree to which lower-level
employees provide input or make decisions. It means empowerment for the
employees.
 Example: Cash N Carry follows Centralization. the owner or manager makes
all key decisions, such as setting prices, ordering inventory, and handling
customer
policies, ensuring consistency but slowing down decision-making as
employees can't give any input the managers have to make all the decisions on
their own.

Organizational Design
INTRO:
Organizational design is the process of organizing a company's roles, responsibilities, and
workflows to fulfill its objectives effectively. It involves defining work flow processes to
achieve the objectives of the organization efficiently. How tasks are distributed, coordinated
or managed is basically what defines effective communication and operations. Thus, proper
organizational design ensures collaboration, productivity, and adaptability in the
organization.

Matrix Structure:
It assigns specialties from the different functional departments to work on one or more
projects. A matrix structure is an organizing system in which employees have dual reporting
relationships, one usually with his or her functional manager and the other with a project or
product manager. In a smaller company, this might come to mean that an employee reports to
both the department head and also the manager overseeing a certain project.
 Example: A small departmental shop like Cash N Carry doesn’t follow a
matrix structure. They have a simpler hierarchical or functional structure due
to the limited number of employees. Employees perform then a specialized
task like sales or shelf stocking, and there is a clear reporting line to the
manager.
Boundaryless Organization:
An organization whose design is not defined by or limited to, the horizontal vertical or
external boundaries that are imposed by a pre-defined structure. It is open design so that
employees can create more creative ideas. It is also a flexible structure that throws down the
walls between departments, teams, and outside partners. It is understood to promote open
communication, collaboration, and innovation by allowing employees to traverse different
roles and functions.
 Example: Cash N Carry is a small departmental shop that doesn’t entirely fit
in the boundaryless organization model but can integrate some aspects of it
due to its small size and number of employees. Roles are also flexible, thus
some staff may be doing more than one duty, such as stocking or customer
service handling.

Virtual Organization:
A virtual organization is one that uses technology to undertake the different assignments and
functions associated with an office or physical building. It allows organizations to have
digital interaction and collaboration with suppliers, partners, or employees online, as for
example, team members working in different locations could collaborate using online tools
instead of being in the same office, which results in cost reduction and better output without
sacrificing flexibility.
 Example: Cash N Carry is a small departmental shop that does not follow a
completely virtual organizational model, but some features regarding it are
adopted to be competitive. It is using various online platforms like Facebook
Market or some regional e-commerce sites to sell products. It offers its
customers digital payment systems, communicates supplier or customer
through digital tools such as emails or messaging apps. Overall, the operations
of Cash N Carry are still very much physical but by bringing into its
 operations, all the virtual components, it can extend its reach to customers and
make access easier.

FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS:

Flex work agreements guarantee that employees are less constrained in the control of their
schedules and workplace geolocation options like telecommuting, flexibility, and job-sharing.
Employees enjoy increased satisfaction and productivity by balancing business and personal
convenience requirements.

1. Telecommunicating: Telecommuting, or working remotely, allows people to attach a

location where work is being done to such locations outside the traditional office
environment, such as for example, at home or anywhere else they choose.
Telecommuting is globally accepted for convenience purposes and avoided causes of
long distances from commute to work which helps a lot in employee job satisfaction
while achieving better work-life balance.
 Example: Cash N Carry is a departmental store where employees require
physical presence to carry some functions in-house such as assisting
customers, inventory management, and operating cash registers respectively.
All these require an on-site presence to serve customers and the shop making
telecommuting impractical.

2. Flexibility: This is a term to refer to flextime which allows workers to choose when
they want to begin and end their workday but must complete the required number of
hours and tasks. An employee may work from 7 am to 3 pm on one day, but on the
next, he or she may choose to work from 10 am to 6 pm. This form of flexibility
enables employees to alter their working schedules to match their commitments.
 Example: Cash N Carry doesn't adopt flextime. In a departmental store, such
a scenario of time allocation does not happen since strict schedules need to be
created to have shops run well. The cashiers, stockpersons, or customer
service representatives should be made available during peak times to meet
customers' demands. Allowing flexibility at times could upset the store's
operation as the shop heavily relied at certain times for a crowd to manage
footfall, stock, and other operations.

3. Job Sharing: Job sharing or dividing one complete job into two parts is where two
employees share one full-time position. Each of them works part-time trying to cover
the hours and duties of the job while allowing both employees to enjoy more free time
but continue to meet full-time job obligations.
 Example: While job sharing could work in larger organizations hence
requiring more employees, it is quite ineffective in a small shop like Cas N
Carry with limited employees. For example, if you have roles such as cashiers
or an organization like stock clerks, these jobs will normally be assigned to
only one person because of the size of the team. Sharing that with two
different persons would usually create confusion or not being in a position to
get things done.

Analysis:
As per my observation, Cash N Carry seems to be a small department store that has a very
simple and informal organizational structure, with very little work specialization; staff do
several roles, such as customer service, stocking, and cashiering. Departmentalization is
pretty simple, with very wide divisions, such as sales, inventory control, and customer
service, but work does not tend to be specified enough for most jobs, allowing for flexibility.
The line of command is well organized, the store manager alone controls all operations and
employee functions, arranged in a one-on-one reporting system. The scope of control is wide,
as the manager will monitor directly all staff members, which apparently restricts
individualized attention but allows for speedier decision-making. The shop runs a centralized
system in which major decision-making is reserved for the owner or management while room
for delegation is minimal. Flexible work options such as telecommuting, job sharing, and
flextime are impractical in this case since the presence of employees is required on-site for
duties like client engagement and inventory management. Such arrangements would not
work, considering the small nature of the business where hours of working and presence on
site are a requirement. However, for all these limitations, the shop still has a well-structured
infrastructure for efficiency while maintaining direct communication and flexibility in daily
operations.

Control
Introduction:
Cash n carry is a departmental store which sells wide range of goods situated at different
location characterized as a retailed store. The control system of this departmental store is
based on Banasree,Rampura branch, Dhaka-1219, which involves monitoring work force and
correcting work performance in order to avoid the disorientation of plan and disruption of
entire work activity. This control system add significant value in three specific areas:
planning, empowering employees and protecting the workforce.
Control system helps to inherent accountability in managers which creates concern of every
small action of the organization. Managers tend to evaluate all decision that are taken by
them and try to identify, measure the deviation by using benchmarking system to improve in
future and maintain a competitive edge.
Cash n carry follows a three stepped control process and 2 major control types: Feedforward
and concurrent control system. Beside these, it adheres to two more control types which are
known as Information control and Benchmarking.
An effective control system also helps to establish organizational standards. Through this,
Cash N Carry can measure and compare its actions against competitors and also identify
where need to make improvements in order to achieve its goal.
A well-structured control system ensures that the company operates efficiently, meets
customer demands, and remains competitive in the marketplace. Cash and Carry’s control
system is designed to monitor performance and give an overall control on the organization.

Control process of Cash N Carry:

Cash N carry is a wholesale business which needs a magnificent control system. Because a
wholesale market needs a strong control system otherwise it can face e huge lose and main
goal cannot be achieved. It also has to follow 3 stages of control process those are: -
1. Measuring the actual performance of Cash N Carry:
Cash N Carry measures actual performance of its activities. It focusses on customer demands
and always measure the sales whether are selling the amount customer need and whether they
have enough inventory. Their main target is high volume of sales which they measure
through quantitative sources such as self-reporting devices. As it is the first step of control
process, the entire control system depends on it. So, the measurement process needs to be
accurate and precise as much as possible. It is the foundation of the whole process.

Example:
A departmental store like Cash N Carry sells bulk amount of different products every day.
So, at the end of the month it is necessary for Cash N carry to measure the percentages of
sales and the ending inventory.
 By measuring the percentage of sales, the financial department can create the
financial reports and analysis the volume of sales and make decision on basis of it.
  Through the measurement, analysis reveals whether inventories are out of stock
before the end of the month, if they are, it may indicate that the organization need
increased supply of products which are in high demand. It also tells that cash and
carry need better inventory system. Conversely, if the inventory remains unsold it can
signify that there is a mismatch between demand and supply.
2. Comparing the actual performances against the standards of Cash N Carry
Operations:
When cash and carry cannot achieve its goal, it finds the deviation where it failed to
maintain its selected standard. Comparing has a significant importance in control
process by the help of it Cash N Carry can identify deviation and take corrective
steps, improve efficiency. All these things help to set realistic and achievable
standards.
Example:
 The organization decides to set a standard for daily sales revenue around 10,000 tk, at
the end of the day the actual performance shows it is actually around 9000 tk. By
comparing the actual performance against the standard, the business identifies the
deviation which is 1000tk.
 Cash N Carry sets a standard for customer satisfaction score 90%. Its main target was
achieving customer’s satisfaction. But actual scores reveal that the company gained
only 75% customer satisfaction which identify 15% deviation.
 For inventory turnover, it has set a standard that the rate of inventory turnover would
be 5 times per month but after review it turns out that the actual turnover rate was 3
times per month.
All of these deviations were found after comparing with the standard. These deviation helps
to understand statistical errors of work and give a clear direction. The next process relies
heavily on this stage.
3. Taking actions to address Cash N Carry deviations:
After finding the deviation, the organization must fix it. It identifies why the deviation
occurred and takes the necessary steps to correct actual performance. Sometimes, the fault
cannot be found in performance if all tasks are controlled properly rather than in the standard.
In this case, Cash and Carry has to revise their standard to determine whether their goal
setting was unrealistic or not.
Example:
 The previously set standard for customer satisfaction showed a 15% deviation. This
deviation can be addressed by identifying and analyzing the error. The manager found
out that long check point ques and inconsistent product unavailability was the key
factors behind this deviation.
 Once Cash N Carry’s standard was a 20% increase in sales and it could not achieve it.
As a result, it had to correct its actual performance first, through basic corrective
actions to determine why the deviation occurred and address it through price reviews,
employee training, customer feedback monitoring, etc. It had to also check the
achievability of the actual standard, which was a 20% increase in sales. Because,
 sometimes standards can become unrealistic. It can be too low or too high to achieve
the goal. In that case, the standard needs the corrective action which is known as
revise the standard. Later, found out that the deviation occurred because of high
standard.

Types of control that Cash and Carry follow:

Cash and Carry follows Feedforward and Concurrent Control.
1. Feedforward Control of Cash N Carry:
It anticipates problems such as pricing strategies, supplier coordination, demand
forecasting, etc., and tries to control them before they occur, which indicates
feedforward control.
Example: Cash and Carry provides training programs for new employees before
assigning them to their tasks, ensuring they are properly prepared and minimizing the
risk of errors during their work.
Concurrent Control of Cash N Carry:
Another type of control followed by the organization is concurrent control, which
refers to the control system applied while work activities are in progress. Cash N
carry’s concurrent control focuses on fraud prevention during operations and ensures
transactions are legitimate and comply with policies.
Example:
 To monitor its activity in-store, inventory and cash transaction Cash N Carry
sets security surveillance. It gives a overall control on everything when the
work is in progress.
 Cash N Carry also use inventory tracking system to monitor stock levels in time.
First line manager uses it because they can correct problems like shortage of
inventory or excess inventory before they become too costly.

Beside these there are 2 more control system that Cash and Carry follows those are:
Information Control and Benchmarking.
Information Control:
In Cash N Carry organization, information control is also an important type of control
as an intruder can hacked into companies’ main data base and can steal vulnerable
information which can puts the company in danger. Cash and Carry takes the help of
MIS to control its information.
Example: It uses POS (point-of -sale) system to record the real time sales, monitor
stocks by tracking real time inventory levels and automatically updates after each
sale.
Benchmarking:
Benchmarking is identifying analyzing and adopting the best practices from other
organizations which helps to measure the standards of excellence. Benchmarking
means learning from other which leads to achieve an organization’s goal by taking
control over the entire organizational goal.
Cash and Carry benchmark with bigger wholesale organization like Shopno, Agora
by comparing its financial growth, cost efficiencies, stock availability and customer
satisfaction.
Analysis:
Cash and Carry’s control system effectively manages its large-scale wholesale
operations through feedforward and concurrent control, which helps the company to
anticipate and address challenges in real time. It stays align with the goals through it
control system. Benchmarking further enhances its strategies through awareness and
target into industry best practices.
This comprehensive control framework ensures Cash and Carry meets customer
demands, effectively use its operations, and maintains a competitive edge. By
continuously improving its systems, the company is now well-positioned and it has
sustained its growth, profitability, and long-term success in the wholesale market.

Strategic Management
Strategic management involves the techniques a company employs to formulate, implement,
and evaluate its essential choices. This continuous process aids an organization in achieving
its long-term objectives. In more straightforward terms, it seeks to match your company's
strengths with market needs to keep a competitive advantage over time. Strategic planning
includes identifying business challenges, choosing the best course of action, monitoring
results, and then improving the strategy to improve performance. Instruments such as SWOT
(strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis are utilized to evaluate potential
opportunities and threats in relation to the organization, its competitors, and the general
market. Strategic management occurs at higher levels such as organization-wide leadership,
yet it can also be applied at a departmental or team level. There are two primary methods for
strategic management: prescriptive and descriptive. The prescriptive method emphasizes the
formulation of strategies, whereas the descriptive method centers on the implementation of
those strategies. The prescriptive model follows a top-down approach, relying on SWOT
analysis. In contrast, the descriptive model is more about experimenting with various
techniques to discover solutions and gaining insights from experiences . For example,
Cash n Carry is a wholesale super shop. They are introducing new selling product categories
such as medicine, bakery items, etc. However, they are still determining how their brand
would perform as it took years to establish their wholesale super shop due to a delay in
identifying negative factors. Thus, to avoid any risk, SWOT analysis is used as of the
strategic management. Cash and carry was initially launched in the UK in 1997. At that time,
cash and carry stores held a 63% share of the market's value. In 2022, Bangladesh's first cash
n carry wholesale superstore opened.

Mission: Cash n Carry wholesaler offers professionals and organizations high-quality goods
and business solutions at the most competitive cost.

Vision: Cash n Carry wholesale market worldwide due to our unique business model that
makes our clients more competitive worldwide.

Benefits of Strategic Management:

Strategic management consists of key elements such as defining goals, analyzing the
environment, formulating strategies, executing plans, and monitoring outcomes. The initial
phase of establishing objectives involves specifying clear and measurable goals for the
organization. Environmental analysis requires evaluating the external environment to uncover
opportunities and threats. Crafting a strategy is about creating a roadmap to reach the defined
objectives. The execution of the strategy entails putting the devised plan into action. Lastly,
supervision involves evaluating progress and making modifications to the strategy as needed.

SWOT Analysis:

A strategic tool utilized in management is SWOT analysis. It provides a clear understanding

of a company's position. This makes it simple to comprehend the strengths, weaknesses,
threats, and opportunities of cash n carry stores. For example, Cash n carry grocery
industry includes a wide variety of store formats and business strategies, each with specific
strategic factors to consider. To demonstrate how SWOT analysis can be applied in various
contexts, we look at three case studies:

o Neighborhood independent grocery store.

o Major supermarket wholesale.
o Specialty organic grocery shop.

 Strengths: Brand recognition, loyal customer base, global

presence.

 Weaknesses: Limited product options, high prices

compared to competitors, limited online presence, high
employee turnover, lack of product differentiation.

 Opportunities: Improve customer experience, expand product

offerings, leverage technology, technological advancements,
emerging market trends.

 Threats: Competition from wholesale chains, rising

operational costs, economic downturn, focus on actionable
insights, involve key stakeholders.
 Cash n Carry Market Share and Growth Rate:

The growth share matrix developed by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a strategic tool
that employs visual depictions of a company's offerings to assist in determining which
products or services to retain, enhance with additional investment, or divest. A form of
wholesale buying known as cash and carry allows consumers to purchase large quantities at
lower prices. In contrast to traditional wholesalers, cash n carry wholesalers usually demand
that customers buy products on a self-service basis and take the wholesaling market, with
sales totaling £9.51 billion. Cash n carry stores in Bangladesh sell fruit, vegetables, meat and
meat products, sweets, bakery items, and pharmaceuticals. Day by day, their market shares
and growth rates are increasing. Which means they follow star corporate portfolio analysis.

Cash n Carry BCG Matrix:

Product/Service Market Share Market Growth BCG Classification

Rate

Cash n Carry Signature High High Star

Products

Grocery and Consumables High Low Cash Cow

Medicine Low High Question Mark

Electronics and Appliances Low Low Dog

 Competitive Strategy:

The Competitive Strategy course aims to enhance managers' abilities to think strategically
and improve their decision-making in strategy-related matters. Using a Competitive strategy
will give us the knowledge and skills we need to achieve long-term success in today's
competitive business environment. For example, Cash n Carry is a wholesale shop
focused on building and maintaining a comparative advantage. The off line and e-commerce
platform has a level of scale and efficiency that is difficult for wholesale competitors to
replicate, allowing it to rise to prominence largely through price competition.

 Cost leadership of strategy: Cash n carry provides products at lower prices than
others.

 Differentiation strategy: Their market image quality service is better than that of any
other company.

 Stuck in the middle: They monitor their quality, price, and everything.

Why are competitive strategies important?

Competitive strategies are important because they affect a business's overall strategy. A
company can find it difficult to find a clear advantage over its competitors without a
competitive strategy. Finding and nurturing creative ideas for goods and services that the
company may offer requires the development of a competitive strategy.
 Analysis:

To sum up, strategic management is creating and carrying out plans and objectives that set a
business apart from its competitors. Furthermore, as people acquire expertise and adopt a
strategic viewpoint, they might develop strategic management. It is useful in fields including
government, the public sector, and non-profit organizations and is considered a part of
business intelligence. In this document, we will explore strategic management, covering its
advantages, SOWT analysis, BCG matrix, and competitive strategies. With the help of
strategic management, a company can fulfill its long-term goals or aims. Cash n Carry UK-
based wholesale business is globally recognized. This store is well-known in Bangladesh as
well. Their market share growth rate is increasing day by day. Cash n Carry follows the
business-to-business principle.
 Conclusion
MD. Sohag the manager of Cash n Carry organized the entire organization precisely so that
it can maintain its success in the highly competitive wholesale market with the help of variety
of strategic tools, including SWOT analysis, competitive strategies, decision making
processes, clearly defined hierarchical structure with a robust control system.

Cash N Carry demonstrates quick decision-making approach focusing on alternative

evaluation. Decision making plays a pivotal role as the mission and vision is depended on it.
Through the help of it Cash N Carry analyze goals, evaluate alternatives and implement
solution.

Cash N Carry’s SWOT analysis highlights several key factors such as a wide range of high-
quality products as strength. However, there are some weaknesses for example low wages
and lack of proper transportation, occasional product pricing needs some improvement. There
are some opportunities and threat that is being addressed by the company through strategic
management. The strategies Cash N Carry follows ensures its ability to stay profitable in long
run.

The management evaluation reflects the strategic blend of classical and modern management
theories through which it is driving its success and establishing a robust foundation. The
growth and long-term success demonstrate how the organization integrating traditional
management theories with innovation.

The organizational design and structure show how efficiently the control system implemented
in it blending various innovative idea. Centralized decision making and clear chain of
command shows how organized the organization is. Managers directly supervise all stuff and
enables quick decision making with broad scope of control.

A well-structured control system ensures that the company operates efficiently, meets
customer demands, and remains competitive in the marketplace. Cash and Carry’s control
system is designed to monitor performance and give an overall control on the organization.

To sum up, the organization has maintained a strong position in the competitive market and is
effectively fulfilling its mission and vision.
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