Physics
Project
By - Vihaan Patil
Class - XII
Angle of Deviation in Fluid-
Filled Prism
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mst. Vihaan Patil, the student of class XIIth, has
completed the chemistry project in partial fulfilment of the curriculum of ALL
INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION (AISSCE). This project
was carried out at Narayana e-techno school and junior college, Bhayander
(w), laboratory during the academic year 2024-2025.
Internal Examiner External Examiner School Stamp Principal Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my Physics teacher "Mr. Prabhakar Walunj." for his able
guidance and support in completing my Project. I would
also like to extend my gratitude to the Principal Ma’am,
"Mrs. SUPRITI KATKAR" for providing me with the
resources and facilities needed for my experiment. Their
encouragement and motivation pushed me to work hard
and strive for excellence. I also want to express my
gratitude to the Physics Department of the school.
INDEX
Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive
indices of different liquids
using a hollow prism
Apparatus
Required
Hollow glass prism
Water, Carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde.
Bell pins
Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract
light Prisms can be made from any material that is transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent
spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid Is given by the formula:
Where:
μ=Refractive index of the liquid
A=Angle of minimum deviation
δm=Angle of prism
Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of drawing
pins.
Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC
Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ and
place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight line.
Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid on the marked
outline ABC.
Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the 4 pins
appear to be in same line.
Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so obtained.
Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of incidence.
Observation - Benzaldehyde
a° i° d°
Sr. No.
Angle of Prism Angle of Incidence Angle of Deviation
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
Observation - Water
a° i° d°
Sr. No.
Angle of Prism Angle of Incidence Angle of Deviation
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
Observation - Dil. H₂SO₄
a° i° d°
Sr. No.
Angle of Prism Angle of Incidence Angle of Deviation
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
Precautions
Angle of incidence should lie
b/w 35-60 degree.
Pins should be vertically fixed
and should lie in same line.
Distance b/w two points
should not be less than
10mm.
Same angle of prism should be
used for all observation.
Arrow head should be marked
to represent emergent and
incident ray.
Thank
You
