Go Programming Language Tutorial
Go (or Golang) is a statically typed, compiled programming language designed by Google. It’s known
for simplicity, speed, and a robust concurrency model.
1. Installation
1. Download and install Go from [Link].
2. Verify installation:
bash
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go version
3. Set up your workspace:
• By default, Go uses ~/go as its workspace.
• Define GOPATH and add $GOPATH/bin to your PATH.
2. Your First Go Program
Create a file named [Link]:
go
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package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
[Link]("Hello, World!")
}
Run it:
bash
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go run [Link]
To build a binary:
bash
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go build [Link]
./hello
3. Go Language Basics
Variables
go
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package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
// Declare and initialize variables
var a int = 10
b := 20 // Short declaration
[Link]("a:", a, "b:", b)
}
Data Types
• Basic types: int, float64, string, bool
• Complex types: struct, array, slice, map, interface
Constants
go
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const Pi = 3.14
const (
A = 1
B = "Go"
)
4. Functions
go
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package main
import "fmt"
// Function with parameters and a return value
func add(a int, b int) int {
return a + b
}
func main() {
result := add(3, 5)
[Link]("Sum:", result)
}
Multiple Return Values
go
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func divide(a, b int) (int, int) {
return a / b, a % b
}
Anonymous Functions and Closures
go
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add := func(x, y int) int {
return x + y
}
[Link](add(2, 3))
5. Control Flow
If/Else
go
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if x > 10 {
[Link]("Greater")
} else {
[Link]("Smaller or Equal")
}
For Loops
go
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for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
[Link](i)
}
Switch
go
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switch day {
case "Monday":
[Link]("Start of the week")
case "Friday":
[Link]("Weekend!")
default:
[Link]("Midweek")
}
6. Arrays, Slices, and Maps
Arrays
go
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var arr [5]int
arr[0] = 1
[Link](arr)
Slices
go
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slice := []int{1, 2, 3}
slice = append(slice, 4)
[Link](slice)
Maps
go
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m := map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2}
[Link](m["a"])
7. Structs and Methods
Structs
go
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type Person struct {
Name string
Age int
}
func main() {
p := Person{Name: "John", Age: 30}
[Link](p)
}
Methods
go
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func (p Person) Greet() {
[Link]("Hello, my name is", [Link])
}
8. Goroutines and Channels
Goroutines
go
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go func() {
[Link]("Goroutine")
}()
Channels
go
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ch := make(chan int)
// Sender
go func() { ch <- 42 }()
// Receiver
val := <-ch
[Link](val)
9. Error Handling
go
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package main
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
)
func divide(a, b int) (int, error) {
if b == 0 {
return 0, [Link]("division by zero")
}
return a / b, nil
}
func main() {
result, err := divide(10, 0)
if err != nil {
[Link]("Error:", err)
} else {
[Link]("Result:", result)
}
}
10. Modules and Packages
Create a Module
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go mod init [Link]/myapp
Import Packages
Create a directory structure:
go
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myapp/
├── [Link]
├── greet/
│ └── [Link]
[Link]:
go
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package greet
import "fmt"
func Hello() {
[Link]("Hello from package!")
}
[Link]:
go
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package main
import "[Link]/myapp/greet"
func main() {
[Link]()
}
11. Testing
Go has a built-in testing framework:
go
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package main
import "testing"
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
result := add(2, 3)
if result != 5 {
[Link]("Expected 5, got %d", result)
}
}
Run tests:
bash
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go test
This covers the core concepts of Go programming. You can expand by exploring advanced topics like
reflection, interfaces, and build optimizations.
