1) A delta-connected load of 12Ω resistance and 16-Ω reactance are connected

across a 100V, 50 Hz supply. Find line current, phase current and power
factor.
Given that 𝑅𝑝ℎ =12 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 16 Ω 𝑉𝐿 =100V

Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √122 + 162

= √144 + 256 = √400 = 20 Ω

For Delta connected system, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 100V
𝑉𝑝ℎ 100
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = =5A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 20

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ = √3 x 5 = 8.66 A

𝑅𝑝ℎ 12
Power factor, cosФ = = = 0.6
𝑍𝑝ℎ 20

2) A balanced three phase load has per phase impedance of (30 + j50) ohm. if
the load is connected across 400 V, 3 phase supply, find (i) Phase current (ii)
line current (iii) power supplied to the load when it is connected in
(a) star (b) delta.
a) When the load is connected in Star

Given that 𝑅𝑝ℎ =30 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 50 Ω 𝑉𝐿 =400V

 Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √302 + 502

= √900 + 2500 = √3400 = 58.31 Ω

𝑉𝐿
For Star connected system, 𝑉𝑝ℎ = = 400/√3 = 230.94 V
√3
𝑉𝑝ℎ 230.94
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 3.96 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 58.31

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 3.96 A (for star 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 30
Power factor, cosФ = = = 0.5145
𝑍𝑝ℎ 58.31

Power supplied, P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 400 X 3.96 X 0.5145
= 1411.57 W
b) When the load is connected in Delta
 Given that 𝑅𝑝ℎ =30 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 50 Ω 𝑉𝐿 =400V

Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √302 + 502

= √900 + 2500 = √3400 = 58.31 Ω

For Delta connected system, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 400V
𝑉𝑝ℎ 400
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 6.86 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 58.31

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ = √3 x 6.86= 11.88 A (for Delta 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 30
Power factor, cosФ = = = 0.5145
𝑍𝑝ℎ 58.31

Power supplied, P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 400 X 11.88 X 0.5145
= 4234.69 W (which is 3 times the power consumed in Star)
3) A balanced star connected load of (8 + j 6) Ω per phase is connected to a 400V,
3 phase, AC supply. Find the (a) the line current (b) power factor (c) total
power in watts (d) total reactive power.

Given that 𝑅𝑝ℎ = 8 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 6 Ω 𝑉𝐿 =400V

Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √82 + 62

 = √64 + 36 = √100 = 10 Ω
𝑉𝐿
For Star connected system, 𝑉𝑝ℎ = = 400/√3 = 230.94 V
√3
𝑉𝑝ℎ 230.94
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 23.094 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 10

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 23.094 A (for star 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 8
Power factor, cosФ = = = 0.8
𝑍𝑝ℎ 10

Total Power (Active Power), P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 400 X 23.094 X 0.8
= 12799.994 W

We know cosФ=0.8, sinФ = √1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠Ф2 = √1 − 0.82 =0.6

Total reactive power = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 sinФ [sinФ=0.6]
= √3 X 400 X 23.094 X 0.6
= 9599.99 VAR
4) Three impedances each having resistance 20Ω and an inductive reactance of 15Ω
are connected in star across a 400V, 3 phase, AC supply. Calculate (a) the line
current (b) power factor (c) total power. If the load is connected in delta,
determine the total power consumed by the load.
Given that 𝑅𝑝ℎ = 20 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 15 Ω 𝑉𝐿 =400V
Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √202 + 152

= √400 + 225 = √625 = 25 Ω

𝑉𝐿
For Star connected system, 𝑉𝑝ℎ = = 400/√3 = 230.94 V
√3
𝑉𝑝ℎ 230.94
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 9.24 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 25

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 9.24 A (for star 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 20
Power factor, cosФ = = = 0.8
𝑍𝑝ℎ 25

Total Power (Active Power), P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 400 X 9.24 X 0.8
= 5121.32 W
When the same load is connected in Delta to find the Power

Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = 25 Ω

For Delta connected system, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 400V
𝑉𝑝ℎ 400
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 16 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 25

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ = √3 x 16 = 27.71 A

𝑅𝑝ℎ 20
Power factor, cosФ = = = 0.8
𝑍𝑝ℎ 25
 Power = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ = √3 X 400 X 27.71 X 0.8
= 15358.44 W (which is 3 times of star)

5) A balanced delta connected 3 phase load is fed from a 3-phase 400V, 50Hz
power supply. The line current is 20A and the total power absorbed by the
load [Link] (i) the impedance in each branch (ii) the total power
consumed if the same impedances are star connected.

Given that 𝑉𝐿 =400V, P=10kW and 𝐼𝐿 = 20A

We know that P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ = 10kW = 10000 W
√3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ = 10000
√3 x 400 x 20 x cosФ = 10000
10000
cosФ = = 0.722
√3 x 400 x 20

For Delta connected system, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 400V

For Delta, Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ , 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 𝐼𝐿 /√3 = 20/√3 = 11.55 A

𝑉𝑝ℎ 400
Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = = = 34.63 Ω
𝐼𝑝ℎ 11.55

𝑅𝑝ℎ
We know cosФ = = 0.722
𝑍𝑝ℎ

𝑅𝑝ℎ = cosФ x 𝑍𝑝ℎ = 0.722 x 34.63 = 25 Ω

 We know that 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 so 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = √𝑍𝑝ℎ 2 − 𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 =

√34.632 − 252 = √1199.24 − 625 = 23.96 Ω

Impedance per each phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = 𝑅𝑝ℎ + 𝑗𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = (25+j23.96) Ω
To find the total power consumed if the same impedances are star
connected.

Given 𝑉𝐿 = 400V and 𝑍𝑝ℎ = 34.63 Ω

For Star connected system, 𝑉𝐿 =√3 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 400V

So 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 𝑉𝐿 /√3 = 400/√3 = 230.94 V

𝑉𝑝ℎ 230.94
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 6.669 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 34.63

For Star, Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 6.669 A and we know cosФ = 0.722

Power, P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ = √3 x 400 x 6.669 x 0.722 = 3335.94 W( which

is 1/3 rd of Delta connected system)
6) The impedance of an R-L series circuit is (50 + j100) Ω. When the supply
frequency is increased from 50 Hz to100 Hz, what will be the value of
impedance?
Given that R= 50 Ω and 𝑋𝐿 = 100 Ω
 We know that 𝑋𝐿 = 𝐿𝑤 = 𝐿2π𝑓 which is dependent of frequency and
Resistance is independent of frequency.
At 50Hz, the 𝑋𝐿 = 100 Ω
As 𝑋𝐿 is directly proportional to frequency, if frequency doubles 𝑋𝐿 also
doubles.
So at 100Hz, the value of 𝑋𝐿 is 2x100=200 Ω
At 100Hz, the impedance becomes (50+j200) Ω
7) Three similar coils each having a resistance of 5 ohm and an inductance of
0.02H are connected across 440V, 3-phase, 50Hz supply. Calculate the line
current and total power absorbed when connected in (a)star and (b) Delta
Given that R= 5 Ω , 𝐿 = 0.02H, 𝑉𝐿 =440V and f=50Hz
We know that 𝑋𝐿 = 𝐿𝑤 = 𝐿2π𝑓=0.02 x 2π x 50 = 6.28 Ω
𝑅𝑝ℎ =5 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 6.28 Ω

Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √52 + 6.282

= √25 + 39.44 = √64.44 = 8.03 Ω

a) When the load is connected in Star

𝑉𝐿
For Star connected system, 𝑉𝑝ℎ = = 440/√3 = 254.03 V
√3
 𝑉𝑝ℎ 254.03
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 31.64 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 8.03

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 31.64 A (for star 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 5
Power factor, cosФ= = = 0.623
𝑍𝑝ℎ 8.03

Total Power (Active Power), P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 440 X 31.64 X 0.623
= 15022.35 W
b) When the load is connected in Delta

For Delta connected system, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 440V

𝑉𝑝ℎ 440
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 54.795A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 8.03

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ = √3 x 54.795= 94.91 A (for Delta 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 5
Power factor, cosФ= = = 0.623
𝑍𝑝ℎ 8.03

Power absorbed, P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 440 X 94.91 X 0.623
= 45062.3 W (which is 3 times the power consumed in Star)
8) Three inductive coils, each with a resistance of 22 Ω and an inductance of
0.05 H are connected in first in star and then in delta, to a 3 phase 415 V, 50
Hz supply. Calculate for both star and delta connections, (i) phase current and
line current and (ii) total power absorbed.
Given that R= 22 Ω , 𝐿 = 0.05H, 𝑉𝐿 =415V and f=50Hz
We know that 𝑋𝐿 = 𝐿𝑤 = 𝐿2π𝑓=0.05 x 2π x 50 = 15.71 Ω
𝑅𝑝ℎ =22 Ω and 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ = 15.71 Ω

Impedance per phase, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = √𝑅𝑝ℎ 2 + 𝑋𝐿𝑝ℎ 2 = √222 + 15.712

= √484 + 246.8 = √730.8 = 27.03 Ω

a) When the load is connected in Star

𝑉𝐿
For Star connected system, 𝑉𝑝ℎ = = 415/√3 = 239.6 V
√3
𝑉𝑝ℎ 239.6
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 8.86 A
𝑍𝑝ℎ 27.03

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 8.86 A (for star 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 22
Power factor, cosФ= = = = 0.814
𝑍𝑝ℎ 27.03

Total Power (Active Power), P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 415 X 8.86 X 0.814 = 5184.02 W
b) When the same load is connected in Delta

For Delta connected system, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 415V

𝑉𝑝ℎ 415
Current per phase, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 15.35
𝑍𝑝ℎ 27.03

Line current, 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ = √3 x 15.35= 26.59 A

(for Delta 𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ )

𝑅𝑝ℎ 22
Power factor, cosФ= = = = 0.814
𝑍𝑝ℎ 27.03

Power absorbed, P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cosФ

= √3 X 415 X 26.59 X 0.814
= 15557.92 W (which is 3 times the power consumed in Star)