By Weaam Adam Mohamed
Adam25l2l2020
Outline :
What is mycology ?
Why its important ?
Epidemiology ?
General features of fungi
Classification of fungi
Taxonomy of fungi
Mycology is specialized discipline in the field of biology
concerned with the study of fungi including their taxonomy , environmental
impact , genetic and biochemical properties . Mycosis is infection
caused by fungi . Fungi is multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Why fungi ?!
Leads to nosocomial infection ? .
growing number of
immunocomprimised
individual .
Antibacterial therapy .
Epidemiology
there are more than 100,000 valid spp of fungi
existed , but its estimated that number of
undiscovered spp ranges from 1 to 10 million with
about 1000 to 1500 new spp identified annually
and at least 500 have been associated with human
disease .
Fungal infections generally are not communicable
in the usual sense and human become accidental
host for fungi.
Except for disease caused by dimorphic fungi
human are relatively resistant to infections caused
by fungi .
General features of fungi
Chitin in cell wall .
Ergo sterol in the cell membrane .
Reproduction by means of spores
(sexual , asexual).
Lack of chlorophyll.
Lack of susceptibility to antibacterial
antibiotics.
Heterotrophic .?
Non motile .
Eukaryotic.
Growth better at ph5.
Most are aerobic and resist high
osmotic pressure .
Need small amount of nutrient (C,N).
Classification of fungi
According to morphology under microscope fungi
classify in to :
Mold (hyphae) :
Tube like structure and divided into :
1 - ASeptated hyphae (Mucor) .
2- Septated hyphae :
[Link] (Exophiala , Fronsecaea pedrosoi)
[Link] (Asperigulls ,pencillium , Histoplasma)
Hyaline hyphae Melanized
hyphae
Melanized hyphae of aspergillus niger
Yeast :
Unicellular
When culture on cornmeal tween 80 agar may:
1- formed pseudohyphae :like Candida albicans and
Candida tropicalis.
2- not formed hyphae : like Cryptococcus and Candida
glabrata .
3- formed arthroconidia : Geotrichum trichosporon .
Arthroconidia Yeast
Cornmeal tween 80 agar
some terms
When fungal exhibit either a yeast or yeast-like
phase and filamentous form is called Dimorphic
fungus.
Thermally dimorphic : is temperature-
dependent dimorphism(mold form at 25-30c and
yeast form at35-37c ) for example Histoplasma
capsulatum .
Fungi which have more than one independent
form or spore stage in their life cycle are called
polymorphic fungi . For example Candida
albicans .
Taxonomy
According to structure and sporulation fungi classify under 3 phyla :
Zygomycota
Which include mucormycotina and entomophthoroacortina as subphyla
(septated hyphae , asexual spore , sexual spore )
Rhizopus and mucor.
Ascomycota
Yeast (asexual spore condia , sexual spore ascospore)
Hyphae (asexual spore , sexual spore).
Candida spp , Aspergillus
Basidiomycota
Sexual spore only (basidiospore) .
Cryptococcus neoformance .
Classification of fungi according
to the type of infection
Superficial (cutaneous )mycosis
Involve infection of hair , nail , skin without direct invasion of deeper
tissue .
e.g. dermatophyte , Candida .
Subcutaneous mycosis
Subcutaneous tissue without dissemination to distant sites .
e. g .mycetoma .
Systemic mycosis
Invasion and disseminated to any organs .
e.g. Histoplasma .
Opportunistic mycosis
e.g.. Candida , aspergillus , mucor .
بين يدي كل واحد منا قوة هائلة للخير”
والشر وهي المؤثر الخفي والصامت وغير
الواعي في حياته وهي ببساطه اإلشعاع
” المستمر لحقيقة اإلنسان ال ما يتظاهر به
وليام جورج جور دان
Reference
Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic
Microbiology 14th
……Thank you
