Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 1/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
Question 01
Determine the moment resistance of 406 × 178 × 60 I-section under a uniformly
distributed load for the following situations:
(a) Continuously laterally supported
(b) Laterally supported at the ends as shown in Fig Q1-1a
(c) Laterally supported at the ends and midspan as shown in Fig Q1-1b
SOLUTION
Classification of the flange: Note that we do
not need to have a
b1
=
b/2
=
177.8/2
= 6.95 < 7.75; ∴ Flange is Class 1 load to determine
tf tf 12.8 the Moment
resistance of any
Classification of web: given continuously
bl hw 360 laterally
= = = 46.15 < 58.8 ∴ Web is Class 1 supported beam.
tw tw 7.8
For parts (b) and
(a) Computation of Mr for continuously laterally supported beam. (c), we make use
The section is Class 1 and therefore with continuous lateral restraints will at- of the BMD shape
tain MP . and obtain ω2
values.
Mr = φZpl fy = 0.9 × 1 200 × 103 × 350
= 378kN m > Mu
(b) Computation of Mr for laterally supported at the ends as shown in Fig Q1-1a.
We compute plastic moment Mp :
Mp = Zpl fy = ×1 200 × 103 × 350
= 420kN m
Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 2/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
We compute plastic moment 0.67Mp :
0.67Mp = 0.67 × 420
= 281.4kN m
We compute plastic moment φMp :
φMp = 0.9 × 420
= 378kN m
We compute buckling load. From SANS 10162, ω2 = 1.0 based on BMD. The
beam only has lateral restraints. The load is assumed to be a gravity load and
will therefore act on the compressive flange. Therefore from Table 1.0, K = 1.2
for this case and therefore KL = 6m.
s 2
ω2 π πE
Mcrit = EIy GJ + Iy Cw
KL KL
= 183.3kN m
Since Mcr ≤ 0.67Mp , we have the beam failing through elastic buckling. There-
fore:
Mr = φMcr = 165kN m
(c) Computation of Mr for laterally supported at the ends and midspan as shown
in Fig Q1-1b.
Like before, K = 1.2. However we now need to get ω2 for each segment between
lateral supports. Since κ = 0 for both segments, we obtain ω2 = 1.75. The
two segments are identical so we will only compute Mr for one segment. The
values of 0.67Mp were obtained earlier. We proceed with Mcr computation
noting that here KL = 3m.
s 2
ω2 π πE
Mcrit = EIy GJ + Iy Cw = 1 014kN m
KL KL
Since Mcr > 0.67Mp , we have the beam failing through inelastic buckling.
Mp
Mr = 1.15φMp 1 − 0.28 = 384.3kN > φMp
Mcr
∴ Mr = φMp = 378kN m
Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 3/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
Question 02
The beam below has lateral restraints at A, B, C and torsional restraint at C. The
beam carries a permanent load of 20kN/m and an imposed load of 10kN/m. Com-
pute ω2 for the following:
(a) Segment AB
(b) Segment BC
(c) Segment CD
SOLUTION
Note: We will not consider loadcases to determine the moment envelopes. We assume
the imposed load acts throughout the beam.
We compute the design load. For STR case:
Ed = 1.2Gk + 1.6Q = 40kN/m
For STR-P case:
Ed = 1.35Gk + 1.0Q = 37kN/m
The bending moment is drawn:
Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 4/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
(a) Segment AB: From SANS 10162-1, ω2 = 1.0 when the bending moment at any
point within the unbraced length is larger than the larger end moment or when
there is no effective lateral support for the compression flange at one of the
ends of the unsupported length.
Here the maximum value of the moment occurs between A and B. For such a
case, ω2 = 1.0 as per Code Provision.
(b) Segment BC : In this segment, the moment changes sign hence we have double
curvature. The value of κ will therefore be positive. Yesterday in class
we ignored the
κ=
62.5
= 0.5 fact that there was
125 no lateral support
∴ ω2 = 1.75 + 1.05κ + 0.3κ2 = 2.35 at the tip of CD!!!
Please clarify this.
(c) Segment CD: From SANS 10162-1, ω2 = 1.0 when the bending moment at any Destabilizing load
point within the unbraced length is larger than the larger end moment or when for cantilever acts
there is no effective lateral support for the compression flange at one of the on tension side.
ends of the unsupported length.
We have D as a free end with no lateral support. Hence ω2 = 1.0. If D had
lateral supports to the compression flange, we would have κ = 0 and therefore
for such a case ω2 = 1.75.
Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 5/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
Question 03
The beam below with lateral restraints at A B and C while torsional restraint is
provided at C carries a permanent load of 20kN/m and an imposed load of 10kN/m.
Ignoring other design requirements such as deflection, shear and bearing limits, select
the lightest section to carry the ultimate moment. We draw the moment diagram. This is a design
question. Students
should try any
section and
practice!!!. Finally
in their spare time
they can optimize
their solutions and
present the
lightest section
Other load cases are not considered here!!
We compute our ω2 as follows:
(a) Segment AB: ω2 = 1.0
(b) Segment BC : In this segment, the moment changes sign hence we have double
curvature. The value of κ will therefore be positive.
45
κ= = 0.44
102
∴ ω2 = 1.75 + 1.05κ + 0.3κ2 = 2.27
(c) Segment CD: From SANS 10162-1, ω2 = 1.0
Computation of effective lengths:
(a) Segment AB: The beam is free to rotate in plan, and the load is applied to
compression flange thus destabilizing. From Table 1, we take K = 1.2 and
thus KL = 3m.
Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 6/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
(b) Segment BC : The beam at C is torsionally restrained and the load is applied
to compression flange is is thus destabilizing. From Table 1, we take K = 1.0
and thus KL = 2.5m.
(c) Segment CD: The beam at C is torsionally restrained and free at the other end.
The load is destabilizing when applied to tension flange of cantilever. From
Table 2, we take K = 2.5 and thus KL = 3.75m.
The information above is summarised below:
RESULTS SUMMARY
Segment KL ω2 MU
AB 3.00m 1.00 104kN m
BC 2.50m 2.27 102kN m
CD 3.75m 1.00 45kN m
We take a trail section 254 × 146 × 31 I - section and start by section classification.
Classification of the flange:
bl b/2 146.1/2
= = = 8.5 < 9.09; ∴ Flange is Class 2
tf tf 8.6
Classification of web:
bl hw 219
= = = 36.5 < 58.8; ∴ Web is Class 1
tf tw 6.0
The section is Class 2.
Since we want the lightest section, our section should undergo inelastic buckling in
the critical segment. We therefore compute MP and 0.67MP :
Mp = Zpl fy = 395 × 103 × 350 == 138.3kN m
∴ 0.67Mp = 92.6kN m
φMp = 124.5kN m
We compute the critical buckling loads and resistance for the different segments.
(a) Segment AB:
s 2
ω2 π πE
Mcrit = EIy GJ + Iy Cw
KL KL
= 143kN m > 0.67Mp
Mp
Mr = 1.15φMp 1 − 0.28 ≤ φMp
Mcr
= 104kN m ≥ Mu ; Ok
Course: CIVN 3010A Page: 7/7
Calcs: Tutorial 5 Date: September 19, 2024
Lecturer: Dr Matogo Kabani Moderator:
(b) Segment BC :
s 2
ω2 π πE
Mcrit = EIy GJ + Iy Cw
KL KL
= 446.8kN m > 0.67Mp
Mp
Mr = 1.15φMp 1 − 0.28 ≤ φMp
Mcr
= 124.5kN m > Mu ; Ok
(c) Segment CD: The general equation for cantilever is given as: This equation is
identical to what
has been presented
s
ω2 π p π 2 ECw
Mcr =
KL
EIy GJ 1+
(KL)2 GJ before!! It is just a
rearrangement of
= 99.7kN m > 0.67Mp
terms
Mp
Mr = 1.15φMp 1 − 0.28 ≤ φMp
Mcr
= 87.5kN m > Mu ; Ok
The section is adequate!!. This solution is presented after doing a
few trial sections. You can also use the REDBOOK Tables 5.5 and
5.9 to quickly check which sections to start with.
