Chapter 22, Section 22-1/ Magnets and Magnetic fields
Chapter 22/Section 22-1
Magnets and magnetic effects
• Materials are classified according to magnetic effects onto
1. Magnetic materials (ferrous) or (ferromagnetic materials).
They are materials that can be made into a magnet or can be
attracted to magnets.
2. Non-magnetic materials : materials that can not be made into a
magnet and can not be turned to be a magnet.
• Magnets have two poles , the North and the South pole .
• Same poles repel and different poles attract.
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Chapter 22, Section 22-1/ Magnets and Magnetic fields
Types of magnets
1. Permanent magnets
2. Electromagnets (temporary magnets)
These are magnets operated with electricity
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Chapter 22, Section 22-1/ Magnets and Magnetic fields
Making magnets
1. Stroking a strong bar magnet with an iron bar or steel bar in one
direction.
2. Using electricity
3. Magnetising by polarization
When a magnet is kept close to a magnetic material ( not a magnet) ,
one pole of the magnet will induce an opposite temporary pole on
the close end of the magnetic material , the other end of the
magnetic material will induced with the other pole , this is called
magnetizing by magnetic induction or polarization.
What happens when a magnetic material in turned onto a magnet ?
Answer : each atom inside a material is considered to show magnetic
behaviour ( showing two different poles) , when these atoms are scattered in
all directions , then the material is unmagnetized and when the atoms are
arranged so the same pole is alleged in one direction then the material is
magnetized.( atoms inside are called magnetic domains)
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Chapter 22, Section 22-1/ Magnets and Magnetic fields
Magnetic field : region around a magnet where the magnetic force of the
magnet can affect any magnet or magnetic material in that region.
As shown above ,Lines of force leave the North and enter the south.
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Chapter 22, Section 22-1/ Magnets and Magnetic fields
• A plotting compass is a magnet.
• In the above , there are four plotting compasses kept at point A,B,C, and
D. The arrow head of the needle of the compass always shows the
north. And the tail shows the south.
➢ End X is North pole and end Y is south pole.
➢ This is because the tail of the needle(south pole) is attracted to
North pole at X.
• Magnetic field of the Earth:
There are two types of poles allocated to the Earth
1. Magnetic
2. Geographic
➢ The south magnetic pole is located at the north geographic
pole as shown below , and the north magnetic pole is located
at the south geographic pole .
➢ This explains why a plotting compass points north towards the
North Geographic pole (south magnetic pole of the Earth).
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Chapter 22, Section 22-1/ Magnets and Magnetic fields
• Magnetic field is measured in tesla ( T ).
• Magnetic field at the surface of the Earth = 5.0 × 10−5 𝑇.
• Another unit , the gauss (G).
• I gauss = 10−4 𝑇
• So the strength of the Earth magnetic field near the surface ~ 0.5 G
The End
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