Chemical equilibrium Exercise
2. Give short answers.
1. Differentiate between forward and reverse reactions.
Ans. Difference between forward and reverse reactions:
Forward reaction
It is written from left to right.
ii. Reactants produce products.
ii. Rate is fastest in beginning and gradually slows down
Reverse reaction
i It is written from right to left.
ii. Products produce reactants.
iii. Its rate is zero in the beginning and gradually speeds up.
ii. What is chemical equilibrium?
Ans. Chemical equilibrium:
A state of a chemical reaction in which forward and reverse reaction takes
place at the same rate is called chemical equilibrium.
iii. State the law of Mass Action.
Ans.Law of Mas Action:
It states that the rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to
its active mass and the rate at which reaction proceeds is directly
proprtioonal to the product of its active masses of the reactants.
iv. State conditions for equilibrium.
Ans.Conditions for equilibrium:
1. Concentration of none of the reactants or products is changed.
ii. Temperature of the system is kept constant.
iii. Pressure or volume of the system is kept constant.
v. What is the importance of equilibrium constant for a chemical
reaction.
Ans. Importance of equilibrium constant:
Equilibrium constant for a reaction can be used to predict many important
features for a chemical reaction. It can be used to:
(a)Determine the equilibrium concentration of equilibrium mixture knowing
the initial concentration of reactants.
(b)Predict the direction of a chemical reaction.
(c) Predict the extent of chemical reaction.
(d) Predict the effect of change in conditions of the chemical reaction on the
equilibrium state.
7. State the ways that equilibrium can recognized.
Ans. Ways to recognize equilibrium.
Equilibrium state of a chemical reaction can be determined by determining
concentration of reactants and products at regular intervals. When constant
concentration of reactants and products are observed, the reaction is at
equilibrium. This can be done by both physical method as well as chemical
methods such as titration, spectroscopy etc.
8. Describe the macroscopic characteristics of an equilibrium
reaction.
Ans.
Macroscopic Characteristics of an equilibrium
Macroscopic Characteristics
Forward Reaction. Reverse Reaction
• It is written from left to right. It is written from right to left
Reactants produce products. Products produce reactants
Rate is fastest in the beginning and gradually slows down. Its rate is zero
in the beginning and gradually speeds up.
Think tank
11. For which of the following reactions are both reactants and
products likely to be found when the reaction appears to be
complete. Explain.
(1). C (3) + O2 (g)------------ CO2 (g)
(ii). 2HF (g)------------H2(g) + F2 (g)
Solution:
(i). C (s) 02 (9)---------CO2 (g)
In this reaction carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. This
reaction is irreversible reaction because it takes place in one direction only.
In irreversible reaction the tendency of reverse reaction is negligible.
Therefore, both reactant and products are not likely to be found when the
reaction appears to be complete.
(ii). 2HF (g)----------- H2(g) + F2 (g)
This reaction indicates decomposition of HF into H2 and F2. In this reaction
forward as well as reverse reaction occurs to measurable extent.
Forward reaction:
2HF (g) -------H2(g) + F2 (g)
Reverse reaction:
H2 (9) + F2 (g) -------2HF (g)
Therefore, reaction number (ii) appears to be complete.
A chemical reaction is in equilibrium when there is no tendency for the
quantities of reactants and products to change.
The direction in which we write chemical reaction (and thus which
components are considered reactants and which are products) is arbitrary.
Thus the two equations.
H2 (0)+ I2 -------- 2HI (Q) "synthesis of hydrogen iodide"
2HI (9) H2(g) + 12 (g) "dissociation of hydrogen iodide"
Represents the same chemical reaction system in which the roles of the
components are reversed, and both yield the same mixture of components
when the change is completed.
12. Cobalt chloride forms pink crystals (CoCl3.6H2O). When they are
heated water is evolved and they turn blue (CoCl3). Explain how
could you use cobalt chloride as a test for water, argue
Ans. Cobalt chloride test paper turns pink when it is exposed to water or
moisture. The blue form is cobaltous chloride dehydrate. The pink firm is
cobaltous chloride hexahydrate.
Explanation:
Anhydrous cobalt chloride paper is blue; as it is in the presence of water or
any sort of moisture it starts tom turn pink. So, if we are using it keep out of
air until you are ready to use it and don't touch with your hands because the
moisture on your fingers would change the outcome of your cobalt chloride
paper.
