sOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS 7.

13

C11 = -1, C12 = 8, C13 =-3, Cz1 = 1, C = -19,

Cz3 = 14, C31 = 22, C32 = 6 and C33 =-5
-1 8 - 3 -1 1 2
adj A = 1 -19 14 8-19 6
2 6-5| -3 14 -5|
-1 1 2
1 1
A-1 =, adj A= 8-19 6
3 14 5

Thus, the solution of the system of equations is given by

-1 1 21 8 -8 +5 + 14|
X=AlB= 11 8 -19 6 64 -95 + 42
-3 14 -57 -24 + 70 -35|

y=1 and z = 1.

Hence, the mixture is formed by mixing one pound of each of the foods A, Band C.
EXERCISE 7.1
BASIC

1. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:

(i) 5x +7y +2 = 0 (ii) 5x + 2y = 3 (iü) 3r + 4y -5 = 0
4x + 6y +3 = 0 3x + 2y =5 x-y+ 3 = 0
(iv) 3x + y = 19 (v) 3x + 7y = 4 (vi) 3x +y = 7
3x-y = 23 x+ 2y = -1 5x+ 3y = 12
2. Solve the following system of equations by matrix method:
(i) x+y-z = 3 (ii) x+y +z =3 (ii) 6x-12y + 25z = 4
2r + 3y +z = 10 2x-y +z=-1 4x + 15y - 20z = 3
3x-y -7z = 1 2x +y-3z =-9 2x + 18y+ 15z = 10
ICBSE 2004, 2005|
(iv) 3x + 4y +7z = 14 (v) 2 3,3 = 10 (vi) 5x + 3y +z = 16

2r-y+3z = 4 1,1,1 = 10 2x + y+ 3z = 19

3 12
x+ 2y - 3z = 0 = 13 x+2y +4z = 25

[CBSE 2005, 07]

(vii) 3x + 4y + 2z = 8 (vii) 2x +y +z = 2 (ix) 2x + 6y = 2
2y -3z = 3 x+ 3y -z = 5 3x -z = -8
x-2y +6z =2 3x + y- 2z =6 2x-y +z =-3
(CBSE 2008) |CBSE 2003]
(x) x-y +z = 2 (xi) 8x + 4y +3z = 18 (xii) x+y+z = 6
2x -y = 0 2x + y +z = 5 x+2z =7
2y -z =1 x+ 2y + z = 5 3x +y +z =12
|CBSE 2003| |CBSE 2008] (CBSE 2009]
7.14 MATHEMATICS-XII

(xii) +404. (xiv) x-y+2z =7

4 64 2-1, 3x+4y -5z = -5

6.9 20 =2; x, y, z*0 [CBSE 2011] 2.x-y+3z =12 (CBSE 2012]
x

3. Show that each of the following systems of linear equations is consistent and also find their
solutions:
(i) 6x + 4y = 2 (ii) 2x + 3y = 5 (iii) 5x+ 3y +7z = 4
9x + 6y = 3 6x +9y = 15 3x +26y +2z = 9
7x+ 2y +10z = 5
(iv) x-y+z = 3 (v) x+ y+z = 6 (vi) 2x + 2y -2: = 1
2x + y-z = 2 x+ 2y + 3z = 14 4x + 4y -z = 2
-X-2y+ 2z = 1 x+4y + 72 = 30 6x + 6y +2z = 3
4. Show that each one of the following systems of linear equations is inconsistent:
i) 2x +5y = 7 (ii) 2x + 3s = 5 (ii) 4x-2y = 3
6x+ 15y = 13 6x +9y = 10 6x-3y =5
(iv) 4x -5y-2z 2 (v) 3x -y -22 = 2 (vi) x+y-2z = 5
5x -4y + 2z = -2 2y -z = -1 *-2y +z =-2
2x + 2y+ 8z = -1 3r-5y = 3 - 2x + y +z = 4
BASED ON LOTS

1 -1 0 2 -4
5. IfA =2 3 4 and B= -4 2 -4 are two square matrices, find AB and hence
12 2 -1 5

solve the system of linear equations:

x-y = 3, 2x + 3y+ 4% =17,y+ 22 =7 [CBSE 2010, 2012]
2 -3 57
6. 2 -4. find A and hence solve the system of linear equations:
1 -2
2x - 3y +5z =11, 3x+ 2y - 4z =-5, x+y- 22 =-3 [CBSE 2007, 2009, 2012, 2018, 2020]
1 2 5
7. Find A-, if A= 1 -1 -1 Hence, solve the following system of linear equations:
2 3-1
x+ 2y + 5z = 10, x-y-z = -2, 2x + 3y-z = -11 [CBSE 2010, 2012]
1 -2 0
8. 2 1 3 ,find A-'. Using A-, solve the system of linear equations:
0 -2 1

x-2y = 10, 2x +y+ 3z = 8, -2y +z =7

[3 -4 2]
(i) A=2 3 5find Aand hence solvethe following system of equations:
1 01
3r-4y + 2z =-1, 2x+ 3y +5z=7, x+z=2 [CBSE 2011]
SOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS 7.15

[1 -2 0 7 2 -61
(ii) A
=|2 3 and B=-2 1 -3, find AB. Hence, solve the system of equations:
|0 -2 1| -4 2 5
x-2y =10, 2.x + y + 3z =8 and - 2y +z=7 [CBSE 2011]
|1 2 0]
(iv) IfA =-2 -1 -2, find A. Using A , solve the system of linear equations
0 -1 1|
x-2y =10,2x-y -z=8, -2y+z =7 INCERT EXEMPLAR]
[2 2 -1 0
(v) Given A=-4 2 3 4|, find BA and use this to solve the system of
2 -1 50 1 2
equations y+2z =7, x-y =3, 2r+ 3y +4z =17 [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
[2 3
(vi) IfA =| 1 2 2, find A- and hence solve the system of equations
3 1 1
2x +y-3z=13, 3x +2y +z =4, x+2y-z =8. [CBSE 2017]
[1 -1 2|-2 0 1
(vii) Use the product 2 -3 9 2 -3 to solve the system of equations
3 -2 4 6 1 -2|
x+ 3z =-9, -x +2y -2z =4,2x- 3y +42 =-3. [CBSE 2017]
9. The sum of three numbers is 2. If twice the second number is added to the sum of first and
third, the sum is 1. By adding second and third number to five times the first number, we
get 6. Find the three numbers by using matrices.
10. An amount of ?10,000 is put into three investments at the rate of 10, 12 and 15% per annum.
The combined income ist 1310 and the combined income of first and second investment is
190 short of the income from the third. Find the investment in each using matrix method.
11. Acompany produces three products every day. Their production on a certain day is 45
tons. It is found that the production of third product exceeds the production of first product
by &tons while the total production of first and third product is twice the production of
second product. Determine the production level of each product using matrix method.
12. The prices of three comnodities P,Q and R are x, yandz per unit respectively. A
purchases 4units of Rand sells 3units of Pand 5units of Q. Bpurchases 3units of Qand
sells 2units of Pand 1unit of R. Cpurchases 1unit of Pand sells 4units ofQ and 6units of
R. In the process A, Band Cearn 6000, 75000 and 13000 respectively. If selling the units
is positive earning and buying the units is negative earnings, find the price per unit of three
commodities by using matrix method.
13. The management committee of a residential colony decided to award some of its rnembers
(say :) for honesty, some (say y) for helping others (say z) for supervising the workers to
keep the colony neat and clean. The sum of all the awardees is 12. Three times the sum of
awardees for cooperation and supervision added to two times the number of awardees for
honesty is 33. If the sum of the number of awardees for honesty and supervision is twice the
number of awardees for helping others, using matrix method, find the number of awardees
of each category. Apart from these values, namely, honesty, cooperation and supervision,
suggest one more value which the management must include for awards. [CBSE 2013)
7.16 MATHEMATICS-XII

14. Aschool wants to award its students for the values of Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork
with a total cash award ofr 6000. Three times the award money for Hardwork added to that
given for honesty amounts to 11000. The award money given for Honesty and Hardwork
together is double the one given for Regularity. Represent the above situation algebraically
and find the award for each value, using matrix method. Apart from these values, namely,
Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork, suggest one more value which the school must
include for awards. [CBSE 2013]
15. Two institutions decided to award their employees for the three values of resourcefulness,
competence and determination in the form of prizes at the rate of x,7y and zrespectively
per person. The first institution decided to award respectively 4,3 and 2employees with a
total prize money of 37000 and the second institution decided to award respectively 5, 3
and 4 employees with a total prize money of 47000. If all the three prizes per person
together amount to 12000, then using mátrix method find the value of x, yand z. What
values are described in this equations? [CBSE 2013])
16. Two factories decided to award their employees for three values of (a) adaptable to new
techniques, (b) careful and alert in difficult situations and (c) keeping calm in tense
situations, atthe rate of ?x,Iy and ?zper person respectively. The first factory decided to
honour respectively 2, 4and }employees with atotál prize money of 29000. The second
factory decided to honour respectively 5, 2 and 3employees with the prize money of
30500. If the three prizes per person together cost 9500, then
6) represent the above situation by a matrix equation and form linear equations using
matrix multiplication.
(iü) Solve these equations using matrices.
(ii) Which values are reflected in the questions? [CBSE 2013)
17 Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of sincerity,
truthfulness and helpfulness. The school Awants to award? xeachy each and zeach for
the three respective values to 3, 2and 1students respectively with atotal award money of
716,00. School Bwants to spend 2,300 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective
values (by giving the same award money to the three values as before). If the total amount
of award íor oneprize on each value is 900, using matrices, find the award money for each
value. Apart from these three values, suggest one more value which should be considered
for award. [CBSE 2014)
18. Two schools PandQ want to award their selected students on the values of Discipline,
Politeness and Punctuality. The school Pwants to award xeach, yeach and zeach for
the three respectively valúes to its 3, 2and 1students with a total award money of 1,000.
SchoolQwants to spend ?1,500 to award its 4, 1l and 3students on the respective values (by
giving the same award money for three values as before). If the total amount of awards for
one prize on each value is t 600, using matrices, find the award money for each value.
Apart from the above three values, suggest one more value for awards. [CBSE 2014)
19, Two schools Pand Qwant to award their selected students on the values of Tolerance,
Kindness and Leadership. The school Pwants to awardRr each, ? yeach and zeach for
the three respective values to 3, 2and 1students respectively with a total award money of ?
2,200. Schooi Qwants to spend 3,100 to award its 4, 1and 3 students on the respective
values (by giving the same award moneyto the three values as school P). If the total amount
of award' for one prize on each values is 1,200, using matrices, find the award money for
each value.
Apart from these three values, suggest one more value which should be considered for
award. [CBSE 2014)
20. A total amount of ? 7000 is deposited in three different saving bank accounts with annual
interest rates 5%, 8% and 8% respectively. The total annual interest from these three
accounts is 550. Equal amounts have been deposited in the 5% and 8% savings accounts.
Find the amount deposited in each of the three accounts, with the help of matrices.
[CBSE 2014)
sOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS 7.17

21. Ashopkeeper has 3varietiesof pens 'A, 'B and 'C. Meenu purchased 1pen of each variety
for atotal of ?21. Jeen purchased 4pens of 'A»variety, 3pens of 'B'variety and 2pens of C
variety for ? 60. While Shikha purchased 6pens of A' variety, 2 pens of "B' variety and 3
pens of'C' variety for ? 70. Using matrix method find the cost of each pen. (CBSE 2016]
ANSWERS
9
(i) x=-1, y=4 (ii) x=-1, y=2
(iv) x =7, y=-2 (v) x=-15, y =7 (vi) x= y= 4
10 19 1
2. (Ü) x=3, y =1, z =1 () x=--’
(iv) x=1, y=1, z=1 (v) (vi) x=1, y=2, z =5

(vii) x=-2, y=3, z=1 (vii) x=1, y=1, z=-1 (ix) *=-2, y =1,z =2
(x) x=1, y= 2, z =3 (xi) x =1, y=1, z =2 (xii) x=3, y =2,z=1
(xii) x= 2, y = 3,z =5 (xiv) x=2, y =1,z =3
(ii) x=-3k
2 y =k
y=k (xii) x= 3, y=1, z =2
3
11y,,
(ii) x=r7-16k y+k, z=k
11

(v) x=k-2, y=8-2 k, z=k (vi) x=-k,

2
y=k, z=0
5. x=2, y=-1, z=4 6. x =1, y=2, z =3 7. x=-1, y=-2, z=3
8. (i)) x =4, y=-3, z =1 (i) x=3,y=2,z =-1 (ii) x=4, y=-3,z =1
(iv) x=0, y= -5,z =-3 (v) x= 2, y = -1, z =4 (vi) z=1y=2,z =-3
(vii) x=36, y =5,2 =-15 9. 1,-1, 2 10. 2000, 3000, 5000
11. 11, 15, 19 12. x=3000, y =1000, z =2000
13. X=3, y = 4, z =5 14. X=500, y =2000,z = 3500 15. x =4000, y =5000, z= 3000
16. x=2500, y = 3000, z =4000 17. x= 200, y= 300,z =400 18. x =100, y=200,z = 300
19. x=300, y =400,z =500 20. 1125, 1125, 4750
21. Variety A:5, Variety B: 8, Variety C:8
HINTS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS
13. The given data suggests the following equations:
x+y+z=12, x -2y+z=0, 2x+ 3y+ 3z = 33
14. Let the award money for Honesty, Regularity and Hardwork bex, y and zrespectively.
Then, x+y+z =6000, x+ 3z =11000 and x- 2y +z =0.
15. 4x+ 3y + 2z = 37000, 5x+ 3y+ 4z =47000, x+y+z= 12000
16. 2x + 4y +3z =29000, 5x + 2y +3z = 30500, x+y+z =9500
7.3 SOLUTION OF HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONs
In chapter 6, we have leant about determinant method to solve a homogeneous system of linear
equations. In this section, we shall discuss matrix method to solve the same.
Let AX =O be a homogeneous system of n linear equations with n unknowns.
Let us now discuss two cases:
Case I When| A| *0 i.e. matrix A
is non-singular.
If| A| # 0, then Aexists.
sOLUTION OF SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS 7.19

SOLUTION The given system of homogeneous equations can be written in matrix form as
-2
1 -1

[1 -2 1
or, AX = O, where A yand O- 00
3
-2 1
Now, -1 = 1(-5 +6) + 2(-5+ 3) +1(6-3) = 0.
6 -50

So, the given system of equations has a non-trivial solution. To find these solutions, we putz =k
in the first two equations and write them as follows:
x-2y = -k and x+y = k.
or,
*or, AX-B where 4=|11xand B
Now, |A|= 3 0. So, A- exists.
1 2
Clearly, adj A =- and A-l
k/3
2k/3 ’* = k/3, y = 2k/3.
These values of x,y and zalso satisfy the third equation.
Hence x=k/3 , y=2k/3 and z=k, where kis any real number satisfy the given system o
equations.
EXERCISE 7.2
BASIC
Solve the following systems of homogeneous linear equations by matrix method:
1. 2x-y +Z = 0 2. 2x-y+2% = 0 3. 3* -y +22 = 0
3x + 2y -z = 0 5x+ 3y -z = 0 4x + 3y + 3z = 0
X+ 4y + 3z = 0 *+5y-5z = 0 5x +7y + 42 = 0
4. *+y- 6z = 0 5 X+y+z = 0 6. X+y-z = 0
*-y+2z = 0 X-y -5z = 0 x-2y +z = 0
- 3x + y+ 2z = 0 x+ 2y + 4z = 0 3x + 6y -5z = 0
7. 3x+ y-2z = 0 8. 2x + 3s -z = 0
X+y+z = 0 X-y-2z = 0
X-2y +z = 0 3x+ y + 3z = 0
ANSWERS

1. x=y =Z=0 2. x =
-5 k
11= 12k z=k 3. x=
-9k
13 3 =k
4. x=2k, y=4k, z=k 5. x=2 k, y=-3 k, z =k 6. *=k, y=2 k, z=3 k
7. x=y =Z =0 8. x=y=2=0 5. x=2,y= 3, z =-1
6. 2
7.20 MATHEMATICS-XII

FILL IN THE BLANKS TYPE QUESTIONS (FBQs)

1. If the system of equationsx+ay =0, az +y =0, ax +z = Ohas infinitely many solutions, then
a=..s........*
2. If the system of equations x + y +z =6, X+2y + 3z =10, * +2y + z =12 is inconsistent,
then =....
3. The number of solutions of the system of equations x+2y+z = 3, 2x+3y +z=3,
3x+5y + 27 =1 is
4. If the system of equations 2x-y -z =12, x-2y +z =-4, x+y+ 2z =4 has no solution, then
5. If the system of equations x-ky -z=0, kr-y-z =0, x+y-z =0 has a non-zero solution,
then the values of k are
6. The real value of à for which the system of equations Ax +y+z =0, -* +y+z=0,
-B-y+z =0 has a non-zero solution, is.
7. The set of values of k for which the system of equations x+y+z =2, 2x +y-z=3,
3x+2y +kz =4 has a unique solution, is
ANSWERS
1. -1 2. 3 3. 0 4. =-2 5. 1, -1 6.0 7. R-{0
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (VSAQs)
Answer each of the following questions in one word or one sentence or as per exact requirement of the
question:
1 0
1. If0 1 find x, y and z.
|0 0
1 0
2 find x, y and z.

1
3. ,find x, y and z.
0

for x and y.

5. If0 0 find x, y, Z.
|0 1 0|

6. and AX =B, then find n.

ANSWERS

1. x=1, y=-1,z = 0 2. x=1, y=0,z = -1 3. x =1, y =0,z =1

4.x-y=-2 5. x=2, y = 3,2 = -1 6. 2