DATABASE DESIGN III Questions:

1. What is PHP primarily geared towards?

a) Desktop applications
b) Mobile development
c) Web development
d) Game development

c) Web development

2. What is the original meaning of PHP?

a) Personal Home Page
b) Hypertext Preprocessor
c) Programming Hypertext Pages
d) PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

a) Personal Home Page

3. What is a common tool used to set up a PHP environment locally?

a) Visual Studio Code
b) XAMPP
c) Eclipse
d) NetBeans

b) XAMPP

4. What is a common PHP framework used for web application development?

a) Laravel
b) Django
c) Spring Boot
d) Ruby on Rails

a) Laravel

5. What is the file extension for PHP files?

a) .html
b) .php
c) .py
d) .js

b) .php

6. Which of the following is NOT a data type in PHP?

a) String
 b) Integer
c) Float
d) List

d) List

7. What is the purpose of a foreach loop in PHP?

a) To iterate over a specific number of times
b) To iterate over an array
c) To repeat a block of code until a condition is met
d) To execute a block of code only once

b) To iterate over an array

DATABASE DESIGN II Questions:

1. What is a transaction in a database?

a) A single query
b) A collection of queries
c) A database table
d) A database schema

b) A collection of queries

2. What does ACID stand for in database systems?

a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
b) Accessibility, Consistency, Integrity, Durability
c) Availability, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
d) Atomicity, Consistency, Integrity, Durability

a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability

3. What happens if one query in a transaction fails?

a) The transaction continues
b) The transaction is committed
c) The transaction is rolled back
d) The database crashes

c) The transaction is rolled back

4. What is a dirty read?

a) Reading data that has not been committed
b) Reading data that has been deleted
c) Reading data that is corrupted
 d) Reading data that is encrypted

a) Reading data that has not been committed

5. What is the highest isolation level in database systems?

a) Read uncommitted
b) Read committed
c) Repeatable read
d) Serializable

d) Serializable

6. What is the purpose of a write-ahead log (WAL) in a database?

a) To track changes made to the database
b) To compress data in the database
c) To encrypt data in the database
d) To backup the database

a) To track changes made to the database

7. What is the difference between a cookie and a session in PHP?

a) Cookies are stored on the server, while sessions are stored on the client
b) Cookies are stored on the client, while sessions are stored on the server
c) Cookies are temporary, while sessions are permanent
d) Cookies are used for authentication, while sessions are used for authorization

b) Cookies are stored on the client, while sessions are stored on the server

Data [Link]

1. What is the primary goal of data science?

a) To collect and store large amounts of data.
b) To extract insights and knowledge from data.
c) To develop new algorithms for data analysis.
d) To create visualizations of data.
**Answer: b) To extract insights and knowledge from data.**

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of data commonly used in data science?
a) Numerical data
b) Categorical data
c) Text data
d) Financial data
**Answer: d) Financial data**
3. What is the purpose of data preprocessing in data science?
a) To analyze data for patterns and trends.
b) To train machine learning models.
c) To prepare data for analysis and modeling.
d) To visualize data in a meaningful way.
**Answer: c) To prepare data for analysis and modeling.**

4. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

a) Descriptive statistics summarizes data, while inferential statistics draws conclusions from
data.
b) Descriptive statistics uses machine learning, while inferential statistics uses statistical
methods.
c) Descriptive statistics is used for data visualization, while inferential statistics is used for
data analysis.
d) Descriptive statistics is used for large datasets, while inferential statistics is used for small
datasets.
**Answer: a) Descriptive statistics summarizes data, while inferential statistics draws
conclusions from data.**

5. Which of the following is NOT a common machine learning algorithm?

a) Linear regression
b) Decision tree
c) Neural network
d) Data mining
**Answer: d) Data mining**

6. What is the purpose of data visualization in data science?

a) To collect data from various sources.
b) To clean and prepare data for analysis.
c) To communicate insights and findings.
d) To train machine learning models.
**Answer: c) To communicate insights and findings.**

7. Which of the following is a popular data science tool?

a) Microsoft Word
b) Adobe Photoshop
c) Python
d) Google Docs
**Answer: c) Python**

Database Design With MySQL and [Link]

1. What is a database?
 a) A collection of unstructured data.
b) A software that manages data.
c) A structured collection of data stored electronically.
d) A type of database engine.
**Answer: c) A structured collection of data stored electronically.**

2. What is the purpose of a Database Management System (DBMS)?

a) To store data in a structured way.
b) To analyze data for patterns and trends.
c) To create visualizations of data.
d) To develop new algorithms for data analysis.
**Answer: a) To store data in a structured way.**

3. What is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)?

a) A type of DBMS that stores data in tables.
b) A software that manages data in a distributed system.
c) A type of database engine that uses NoSQL.
d) A type of database that is not based on the relational model.
**Answer: a) A type of DBMS that stores data in tables.**

4. What is SQL?
a) A programming language for web development.
b) A data visualization tool.
c) A query language for relational databases.
d) A type of database engine.
**Answer: c) A query language for relational databases.**

5. What is MySQL?
a) A type of database engine.
b) A data visualization tool.
c) A programming language for web development.
d) A type of database that is not based on the relational model.
**Answer: a) A type of database engine.**

6. Which of the following is NOT a component of an RDBMS?

a) Tables
b) Views
c) Indexes
d) Data mining
**Answer: d) Data mining**

7. What is the purpose of data types in MySQL?

a) To define the structure of a database.
b) To store data in a structured way.
 c) To analyze data for patterns and trends.
d) To create visualizations of data.
**Answer: b) To store data in a structured way.**

**FPGAs and Hardware Description Languages**

1. What does FPGA stand for?

- Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- Fast Programmable Gate Arrays
- Field Programmable Graphics Arrays
- Flexible Programmable Gate Arrays
- Answer: Field Programmable Gate Arrays

2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using FPGAs compared to CPUs?

- FPGAs are reprogrammable.
- FPGAs are faster for specific tasks.
- FPGAs are more general purpose.
- FPGAs can be customized for specific use cases.
- Answer: FPGAs are more general purpose.

3. Which of the following is a major hardware description language (HDL)?

- Python
- C++
- Verilog
- Java
- Answer: Verilog

4. What is the process of converting HDL code into hardware called?

- Compilation
- Interpretation
- Synthesis
- Execution
- Answer: Synthesis

5. What is the purpose of Look-Up Tables (LUTs) in FPGAs?

- To store data for later retrieval.
- To implement logic gates.
- To perform mathematical calculations.
- To control the flow of data.
- Answer: To implement logic gates.

6. Which of the following is a type of circuit that is dependent on both the current input and a
previous state?
- Combinational circuit
 - Synchronous circuit
- Asynchronous circuit
- Sequential circuit
- Answer: Synchronous circuit

7. What is the main difference between a net and a variable in Verilog?

- Nets model connections between components, while variables model storage.
- Nets model storage, while variables model connections between components.
- Nets are used for inputs, while variables are used for outputs.
- Nets are used for outputs, while variables are used for inputs.
- Answer: Nets model connections between components, while variables model storage.

**Introduction to Data Science**

1. What is the main goal of data science?

- To collect and store data.
- To analyze data and extract insights.
- To build complex algorithms.
- To create visualizations.
- Answer: To analyze data and extract insights.

2. Which of the following is NOT a step in the data science process?

- Data collection
- Data cleaning
- Data analysis
- Data visualization
- Model building
- Decision making
- Data storage
- Answer: Data storage

3. What is the difference between structured and unstructured data?

- Structured data is organized in a predefined format, while unstructured data is not.
- Structured data is text-based, while unstructured data is numerical.
- Structured data is used for analysis, while unstructured data is used for visualization.
- Structured data is collected from surveys, while unstructured data is collected from
databases.
- Answer: Structured data is organized in a predefined format, while unstructured data is not.

4. Which of the following is a common data quality issue?

- Missing data
- Duplicates
- Outliers
- Skewness
 - All of the above
- Answer: All of the above

5. What is the purpose of data visualization?

- To present data in a clear and easy-to-understand format.
- To identify patterns and trends in data.
- To communicate insights to stakeholders.
- All of the above
- Answer: All of the above

6. Which of the following is a type of machine learning where labeled data is used to train a
model?
- Supervised learning
- Unsupervised learning
- Semi-supervised learning
- Reinforcement learning
- Answer: Supervised learning

7. Which of the following is a common machine learning algorithm used for classification?
- Linear regression
- Logistic regression
- Decision trees
- Support vector machines
- All of the above
- Answer: All of the above

## Multiple Choice Questions from "Introduction to Backend Development with [Link]"

**Question 1:** What is the primary focus of backend development?

(a) Designing the visual appearance of a website
(b) How a web application functions
(c) Creating interactive elements for users
(d) Managing user accounts

**Answer:** (b) How a web application functions

**Question 2:** What is the backend development equivalent to in a restaurant?

(a) The waiters
(b) The chefs
(c) The customers
(d) The dining area

**Answer:** (b) The chefs

**Question 3:** What is NOT a benefit of a well-designed backend?
(a) Improved security
(b) Enhanced user experience
(c) Increased development costs
(d) Scalability to handle more users

**Answer:** (c) Increased development costs

**Question 4:** Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a backend system?
(a) Server
(b) Database
(c) Web browser
(d) APIs

**Answer:** (c) Web browser

**Question 5:** What is the role of the server in a backend system?

(a) Store user data
(b) Handle requests from users
(c) Design the user interface
(d) Manage security protocols

**Answer:** (b) Handle requests from users

**Question 6:** What is the purpose of a database in a backend system?

(a) To display information to users
(b) To organize and store data
(c) To communicate with other systems
(d) To encrypt sensitive information

**Answer:** (b) To organize and store data

**Question 7:** What is the role of APIs in a backend system?

(a) To provide a visual interface for users
(b) To manage user accounts
(c) To enable communication between different systems
(d) To encrypt data in transit

**Answer:** (c) To enable communication between different systems

## Multiple Choice Questions from "INTRODUCTION TO [Link]"

**Question 1:** What is the primary goal of cybersecurity?

(a) To prevent unauthorized access to computer systems
(b) To ensure the smooth operation of a website
(c) To create secure passwords for users
(d) To design user-friendly interfaces

**Answer:** (a) To prevent unauthorized access to computer systems

**Question 2:** Which of the following is NOT a core principle of cybersecurity?

(a) Confidentiality
(b) Integrity
(c) Availability
(d) Usability

**Answer:** (d) Usability

**Question 3:** What is the main purpose of encryption in cybersecurity?

(a) To make data unreadable to unauthorized individuals
(b) To prevent malware from infecting systems
(c) To secure wireless networks
(d) To manage user accounts

**Answer:** (a) To make data unreadable to unauthorized individuals

**Question 4:** Which of the following is NOT a common cyber threat?

(a) Phishing
(b) Social engineering
(c) Denial-of-service attacks
(d) Data encryption

**Answer:** (d) Data encryption

**Question 5:** What is the main goal of a penetration tester (ethical hacker)?
(a) To identify and exploit vulnerabilities in systems
(b) To design secure network architectures
(c) To manage security incidents
(d) To develop secure software applications

**Answer:** (a) To identify and exploit vulnerabilities in systems

**Question 6:** Which of the following is NOT a recommended cybersecurity practice?

(a) Using strong, unique passwords
(b) Enabling two-factor authentication
(c) Regularly updating software
(d) Sharing personal information on social media
**Answer:** (d) Sharing personal information on social media

**Question 7:** What is the main focus of cloud security?

(a) Protecting data stored in the cloud
(b) Securing user accounts
(c) Managing network traffic
(d) Developing secure software applications

**Answer:** (a) Protecting data stored in the cloud

## Multiple Choice Questions from "Introduction to [Link]"

Question 1: What is Flutter?

(a) A programming language for mobile app development
(b) A cross-platform app development framework
(c) A web development tool
(d) A game development engine

Answer: (b) A cross-platform app development framework

Question 2: What is the main advantage of using Flutter?

(a) It allows you to develop apps for multiple platforms with a single codebase
(b) It is a very easy language to learn
(c) It is the most popular app development framework
(d) It offers the best performance compared to other frameworks

Answer: (a) It allows you to develop apps for multiple platforms with a single codebase

Question 3: What is the "Hot Reload" feature in Flutter?

(a) It allows you to reload the app without restarting it
(b) It allows you to see code changes instantly without restarting the app
(c) It allows you to debug the app more efficiently
(d) It allows you to create animations more easily

Answer: (b) It allows you to see code changes instantly without restarting the app

Question 4: What are widgets in Flutter?

(a) Pre-made building blocks for creating user interfaces
(b) Programming language functions
(c) Data storage mechanisms
(d) Debugging tools

Answer: (a) Pre-made building blocks for creating user interfaces

Question 5: What is the main difference between stateless and stateful widgets?
(a) Stateless widgets are used for static content, while stateful widgets can change over time
(b) Stateless widgets are more efficient, while stateful widgets are more complex
(c) Stateless widgets are used for user interfaces, while stateful widgets are used for backend
logic
(d) Stateless widgets are used for mobile apps, while stateful widgets are used for web apps

Answer: (a) Stateless widgets are used for static content, while stateful widgets can change
over time

Question 6: What is Dart?

(a) A programming language used in Flutter
(b) A web development framework
(c) A database management system
(d) A cloud storage service

Answer: (a) A programming language used in Flutter

Question 7: What is the main benefit of using Flutter for game development?
(a) It offers a wide range of pre-built game assets
(b) It allows you to create complex 3D games
(c) It provides powerful tools for creating smooth animations and interactive games
(d) It is the most popular framework for game development

Answer: (c) It provides powerful tools for creating smooth animations and interactive games

## Multiple Choice Questions from "INTRODUCTION TO DATA [Link]"

Question 1: What is the primary goal of data analysis?

(a) To collect and store large amounts of data
(b) To create visually appealing charts and graphs
(c) To discover useful information and insights from data
(d) To develop complex algorithms for machine learning

Answer: (c) To discover useful information and insights from data

Question 2: What is the first step in the data analysis process?

(a) Data cleaning
(b) Data exploration
(c) Data visualization
(d) Defining objectives and questions

Answer: (d) Defining objectives and questions

Question 3: What is the main purpose of data cleaning?
(a) To remove irrelevant data from a dataset
(b) To ensure the accuracy and reliability of data
(c) To identify patterns and trends in data
(d) To create visualizations of data

Answer: (b) To ensure the accuracy and reliability of data

Question 4: What is the purpose of data exploration?

(a) To identify outliers and anomalies in data
(b) To create predictive models
(c) To understand the structure and patterns of data
(d) To present data in a visually appealing way

Answer: (c) To understand the structure and patterns of data

Question 5: Which of the following is NOT a type of data analysis?

(a) Descriptive analysis
(b) Diagnostic analysis
(c) Predictive analysis
(d) Prescriptive analysis
(e) Exploratory analysis

Answer: (e) Exploratory analysis

Question 6: What is the main purpose of data visualization?

(a) To store data in a structured format
(b) To communicate insights from data clearly and effectively
(c) To perform statistical calculations on data
(d) To develop machine learning models

Answer: (b) To communicate insights from data clearly and effectively

Question 7: Which of the following is a common tool used for data visualization?
(a) Excel
(b) Python
(c) Power BI
(d) All of the above

Answer: (d) All of the above

**Document 1: Introduction to [Link]**

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a key component of a network?

a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Users
d) Transmission Media

Answer: c) Users

Question 2: What type of network typically spans a small area, such as a single building?
a) Wide Area Network (WAN)
b) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
c) Local Area Network (LAN)
d) Global Area Network (GAN)

Answer: c) Local Area Network (LAN)

Question 3: Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub?

a) Star Topology
b) Bus Topology
c) Ring Topology
d) Mesh Topology

Answer: a) Star Topology

Question 4: What protocol is responsible for ensuring reliable data transmission between
devices?
a) IP
b) HTTP
c) FTP
d) TCP

Answer: d) TCP

Question 5: What is the primary purpose of subnetting?

a) To increase the number of available IP addresses
b) To improve network security and efficiency
c) To reduce the size of broadcast domains
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Question 6: Which network device forwards data packets between different networks?
a) Switch
b) Modem
c) Firewall
d) Router

Answer: d) Router

Question 7: Which wireless technology is used for connecting devices over short distances,
typically within 10 meters?
a) Wi-Fi
b) Bluetooth
c) Cellular Network
d) NFC

Answer: b) Bluetooth

**Document 2: Introduction to Game [Link]**

Question 1: What is the primary difference between gaming and game development?
a) Gaming is a recreational activity, while game development is a professional process.
b) Gaming focuses on gameplay experience, while game development focuses on the creation
process.
c) Gaming involves interacting with games, while game development involves creating games.
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a core aspect of game development?

a) Game Design
b) Programming
c) Art and Animation
d) Marketing and Sales

Answer: d) Marketing and Sales

Question 3: Which game genre emphasizes physical challenges and hand-eye coordination?
a) Adventure
b) RPG
c) Simulation
d) Action

Answer: d) Action

Question 4: What is the purpose of a game engine?

a) To provide a framework for game development
b) To create 3D models and animations
c) To design game levels
d) To test and debug games

Answer: a) To provide a framework for game development

Question 5: Which of the following is NOT a popular game engine?

a) Unreal Engine
b) Unity
c) Godot
d) Photoshop

Answer: d) Photoshop

Question 6: What are some essential skills needed for game development?
a) Programming
b) Creativity
c) Problem-solving
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

Question 7: What is the best way to get started in game development?

a) Start with small projects and practice your skills
b) Join online communities and forums
c) Participate in game jams
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

**Document 1: "Presentation [Link]"**

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a key concept in computer networking?

A. Devices
B. Networks
C. Protocols
D. Data Transmission
E. Operating Systems

Answer: E. Operating Systems

Question 2: What is the foundation of the internet?

A. HTTP
B. FTP
C. TCP/IP
D. DNS
E. SMTP

Answer: C. TCP/IP

Question 3: Which of the following is NOT a real-life example of computer networking?

A. Streaming your favorite shows on Netflix
B. Sharing files with friends on Google Drive
C. Playing online games with friends
D. Sending a letter via postal mail
E. Using a GPS navigation system

Answer: D. Sending a letter via postal mail

Question 4: What was the first network developed by the US Department of Defense?
A. The Internet
B. ARPANET
C. WWW
D. LAN
E. WAN

Answer: B. ARPANET

Question 5: When did the World Wide Web (WWW) emerge?

A. 1960s
B. 1970s
C. 1980s
D. 1990s
E. 2000s

Answer: D. 1990s

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT a networking advancement in the present day?
A. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in networking
B. Software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV)
C. 5G wireless networks and edge computing
D. The development of the first web browser, Mosaic
E. Quantum computing

Answer: D. The development of the first web browser, Mosaic

Question 7: What is the primary purpose of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

A. To connect devices to the internet
B. To create a global network of computers
C. To enable high-speed data transfer
D. To provide secure communication channels
E. To manage network traffic

Answer: A. To connect devices to the internet

**Document 2: "[Link]"**

Question 1: What is the primary function of a computer network?

A. To store data
B. To process information
C. To connect devices and share resources
D. To control hardware components
E. To run software applications

Answer: C. To connect devices and share resources

Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a type of network topology?

A. Bus
B. Star
C. Ring
D. Mesh
E. Cloud

Answer: E. Cloud

Question 3: What is the advantage of a star topology?

A. Easy to install and manage
B. High-speed data transfer
C. Low latency
D. Fault tolerance
E. All of the above

Answer: E. All of the above

Question 4: Which network device connects multiple networks and routes traffic?
A. Switch
B. Hub
C. Bridge
D. Router
E. Modem

Answer: D. Router
Question 5: What is the primary function of a firewall?
A. To connect devices to a network
B. To store data and manage network applications
C. To protect networks from unauthorized access
D. To amplify data transmission
E. To translate protocols

Answer: C. To protect networks from unauthorized access

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT a common network threat?

A. Hacking
B. Viruses
C. Malware
D. Phishing
E. Data encryption

Answer: E. Data encryption

Question 7: What is the purpose of a VPN?

A. To connect devices to a network
B. To provide secure, encrypted communication over the public internet
C. To manage network traffic
D. To amplify data transmission
E. To translate protocols

Answer: B. To provide secure, encrypted communication over the public internet

**Document 1: SWEP [Link]**

Question 1: What are the three main components of the Arduino platform?
(a) Circuit boards, Arduino IDE, code
(b) Microcontroller, Arduino IDE, code
(c) Sensors, actuators, code
(d) Circuit boards, sensors, actuators

Answer: (a) Circuit boards, Arduino IDE, code

Question 2: Which microcontroller is used on the Arduino Uno board?

(a) ATMega328P
(b) STM32F103C8T6
(c) ESP32
(d) PIC16F877A

Answer: (a) ATMega328P

Question 3: What is the purpose of the Arduino core library?
(a) To provide a language for Arduino programming
(b) To provide a user-friendly interface for interacting with the microcontroller
(c) To provide a graphical interface for Arduino programming
(d) To provide a way to connect Arduino boards to the internet

Answer: (b) To provide a user-friendly interface for interacting with the microcontroller

Question 4: What is the function of the setup() function in an Arduino sketch?

(a) To run continuously after the sketch starts
(b) To run once at startup to configure peripherals
(c) To handle user input
(d) To display output on the serial monitor

Answer: (b) To run once at startup to configure peripherals

Question 5: What is the purpose of the delay() function in Arduino?

(a) To pause the sketch for a specified time in milliseconds
(b) To create a loop that runs repeatedly
(c) To read data from a sensor
(d) To write data to a digital output pin

Answer: (a) To pause the sketch for a specified time in milliseconds

Question 6: What are the two main types of interrupts in Arduino?

(a) External interrupts and internal interrupts
(b) Hardware interrupts and software interrupts
(c) External interrupts and timer interrupts
(d) Rising edge interrupts and falling edge interrupts

Answer: (c) External interrupts and timer interrupts

Question 7: What is the purpose of the analogRead() function in Arduino?

(a) To read data from a digital input pin
(b) To read data from an analog input pin
(c) To write data to a digital output pin
(d) To write data to an analog output pin

Answer: (b) To read data from an analog input pin

**Document 2: SWEP Presentation—Native Mobile [Link]**

Question 1: What are the two major native mobile operating systems?
(a) Android and iOS
(b) Windows and macOS
(c) Linux and Unix
(d) Chrome OS and Android

Answer: (a) Android and iOS

Question 2: What is the official IDE for Android development?

(a) Eclipse
(b) Visual Studio Code
(c) Android Studio
(d) Xcode

Answer: (c) Android Studio

Question 3: Which programming language is commonly used for native Android development?
(a) Python
(b) JavaScript
(c) Java
(d) C#

Answer: (c) Java

Question 4: What is the purpose of an Activity in Android development?

(a) To represent a single screen with a user interface
(b) To perform long-running operations in the background
(c) To respond to system-wide broadcasts
(d) To manage access to structured data

Answer: (a) To represent a single screen with a user interface

Question 5: What is the purpose of a Service in Android development?

(a) To represent a single screen with a user interface
(b) To perform long-running operations in the background
(c) To respond to system-wide broadcasts
(d) To manage access to structured data

Answer: (b) To perform long-running operations in the background

Question 6: What is the purpose of a Broadcast Receiver in Android development?

(a) To represent a single screen with a user interface
(b) To perform long-running operations in the background
(c) To respond to system-wide broadcasts
(d) To manage access to structured data

Answer: (c) To respond to system-wide broadcasts

Question 7: What is the purpose of a Content Provider in Android development?

(a) To represent a single screen with a user interface
(b) To perform long-running operations in the background
(c) To respond to system-wide broadcasts
(d) To manage access to structured data

Answer: (d) To manage access to structured data

**Question 1:** What are the key differences between static, dynamic, and database-driven
websites?

**Answer:** Static websites have fixed content and no server-side processing, making them fast
and secure. Dynamic websites use server-side scripting for interactivity and personalized
experiences. Database-driven websites store content in databases, enabling scalability,
flexibility, and efficiency.

**Question 2:** Which of the following are examples of server-side programming languages?

**Answer:** PHP, Ruby, Python, and Java are all examples of server-side programming
languages.

**Question 3:** What are the advantages of using a PHP web framework?

**Answer:** PHP frameworks offer advantages such as speed development with well-organized
and reusable code, ready-to-use components and libraries, enforcing proven architecture,
ensuring separation of model, view, and controller logic, abstracting away from low-level security
concerns, and enforcing file and code structure.

**Question 4:** What are the two primary types of databases used in web applications?

**Answer:** The two primary types of databases used in web applications are Relational
Databases (RDBMS) and Non-Relational Databases (NoSQL).

**Question 5:** What are the key differences between Relational Databases and Non-Relational
Databases?

**Answer:** Relational databases have fixed schemas, use SQL for querying, and emphasize
data consistency and integrity. Non-Relational databases have flexible schemas, use specific
query languages, and prioritize scalability, flexibility, and high performance.
**Question 6:** What are the most commonly used MySQL commands?

**Answer:** The most commonly used MySQL commands include CREATE DATABASE, USE,
CREATE TABLE, INSERT INTO, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, and ALTER TABLE.

**Question 7:** What are the advantages of using a CSS framework?

**Answer:** CSS frameworks offer advantages such as speeding up the mock-up process,
providing clean and tidy code, offering solutions to common CSS problems, ensuring browser
compatibility, promoting good practices, simplifying maintenance of multiple projects, and
facilitating collaborative work.