MAJOR DISASTERS Earthquake
Earthquake,
Oct, 2005 (1980-2005) Uttarkashi,
20 Oct 1991,
Chamoli, 23
April 1999
Avalanche
Feb 2005
Flood, Assam
& Bihar 2004
Bhuj,
Earthquake,
26 January, Bhopal Gas
2001 Tragedy, Dec
1982
Earthquake, S Cyclone
Latur, 30 29 Oct 1999
Sept 1993
Tsunami
Floods, 26 Dec 2004
Mumbai,
26 July 2005
Tsunami
Tsunami 26 Dec 2004
26 Dec 2004
Recent Disasters in India (1990-2005)
YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES LOSS OF PROPERTY
(APPROX) ( Rs Crore) APPROX)
1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000 2000
1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000
1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000
1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000
1999 Orissa Super Cyclone 9887 10000
2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400
2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000
2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000
2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100
2005 Mah, Guj, HP, Floods 1569 10300
Karnataka, T’Nadu
2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000
Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800
India is vulnerable to a large number of
disasters
• Approx. 60% of the landmass is prone to Earthquakes
• Approx.12% (About 40 million hectares of land) is prone to flood
and river erosion.
• Approx. 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to
drought//landslides/avalanches
• About 5770 km of coastline out of a total 7516 km is prone
to Cyclone and Tsunami
Vulnerability is increasing with
• Rising population
• Haphazard Urbanization
• Developments in High-Risk zones
• Environmental Degradation
• Climate Change etc.
Tsunami Damage
Tsunami Damage
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM
Disaster
Strikes
Organisations Involved
Prevention Research Institutions (Sponsored Research)
Ministry of Earth Science (IMD, DOD, DST)
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Agriculture
Mitigation Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA, MUD,
MoEF and other related ministries and
departments) State Govt.
(Various Departments)
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
Preparedness Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA, MUD, MoEF)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and NGO’s
Organisations Involved
Response Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and
NGO’s
Relief Central Govt. (NDMA. MHA)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and
NGO’s
Rehabilitation Central Govt. (Integrated efforts of
various ministries and departments)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and
NGO’s
Reconstruction Central Govt. (Integrated efforts of
various ministries and departments)
State Govt.
District/Local Administration and
NGO’s
Long term Recovery Central, State, Local Govt. and NGO’s
Disasters offer a unique opportunity to
learn where we have gone wrong….
Preparedness and Mitigation of Disasters is
the most important part of Disaster
Management while strengthening our
response capabilities
Natural Hazards cannot be prevented, however with mitigation
measures the effects/damages could be reduced
India’s three pronged approach -
Mitigation measures integrated with the ongoing developmental
projects
National-level mitigation projects in high priority areas
(Initiated by NDMA with the help of all concerned ministries, departments and
states)
State-level mitigation projects
(Assistance in guidelines, plans and implementation by NDMA)
Mitigation Measures
• Integrated multi-hazard approach
(emphasis on cyclone and tsunami risk in coastal areas)
• Early warning system for cyclones and tsunamis
• Evacuation plans
(with emphasis on self reliance for sustenance with the coastal community)
• Capacity building
• Training of all concerned
• Public awareness programmes
• Hazard Mapping and Vulnerability Analysis
• Risk Identification, zoning and mapping
Mitigation Measures Cont.
Structural Mitigation Measures
Seawalls and Coral reefs
Tsunami breakwaters
(to provide cushion against Tsunami and Cyclone)
Increasing the river dike height
Tsunami and Cyclone Shelters (safe places to flee)
Evacuation routes identification
Structural Mitigation Measures
Permanent structures strictly according to BIS codes
Retrofitting of vulnerable structures for tsunami/cyclone
resistance
Retrofitting of important buildings
I. Fire stations / police stations/ army structures/ hospitals
II. VIP residences / offices/ railways, airport, etc.
III. Schools/colleges
IV. Hazardous industries
V. Other critical structures (i.e. power stations, warehouses, oil
and other storage tanks etc)
Mitigation Measures Cont.
Non-Structural Mitigation Measures
Education
Public Awareness
Information
Risk Communication
Training to all concerned
(Govt. officials, search and rescue workers, volunteers, women, children, elderly,
local community as a whole)
Mitigation Measures Cont.
Non-Structural Mitigation Measures
Coastal regulations Zone Act – Strict implementation (no
development within 500 m of the high tide line with elevation of less than 10 m above
m.s.l)
Land use Zoning in accordance with CRZ
Natural Bioshields (Mangroves) and shelterbelt plantations
(Casuarina)
Maintaining Natural Sand dunes
Maintaining and promoting beach development
Mitigation Measures Cont.
Non-Structural Mitigation Measures
Risk transfer in highly vulnerable areas (Insurance)
Network of local knowledge centers along the coast lines
( Training and Emergency communication)
Reducing Vulnerability
Diverse Livelihood options
Micro Finance
Empowerment
Gender sensitive development
ERS – RADAR
IMAGE
TSUNAMI INUNDATION IN
NAGAPATTINAM COAST
RIVERS / CREEKS AS CARRIERS OF TSUNAMI WAVES
PATHS TO BE KEPT FREE
& BANKS TO HAVE STONE
EMBANKMENTS
Radial Drains ---
PALAEO Aforestation ----
/PRESENT Promotion of Bird Sanctuaries
BACKWATERS &
TIDAL FLATS------
ACCOMODATORS
NAGAPATTINAM
BEACH AS ABSORBERS - MARINA BEACH, CHENNAI
Stilt Type
Non-Stilt Type
Reconstruction in Andaman
Source: www.and.nic.in
Online Monitoring System of Construction of Permanent shelters for Tsunami victims
Reconstruction in Cuddlore
