Solutions

Structure of Atom

Classwork Questions 2. c=v

3.0  108 ms 1
 = = 219.3 m
Fundamental particles 1368  103 s 1

3. Using Smart tip - 1,

3. Neutron has slightly more mass than that of
11 = 22 [ c is constant]
proton i.e.,
Neutron = 1.674  10–24 g (1.0087 amu) 1  2
 
Proton = 1.672  10–24 g (1.0073 amu)  2 1
1 760
e 1.6022  10 19  Ratio,  = 1.9 : 1  2 : 1
4. For proton, =  2 400
m 1.6726  10 27
4. Using Smart code - 1,
= 0.957  108 C kg–1 Increasing order of frequency is :
e 0 Radio waves < UV rays < X-rays < cosmic rays
For neutron, = =0
m 1.6726  1027
Quantum theory of radiation
e 1.6022  10 19
For electron, =
m 9.109  10 31 hc
2. E = h =
= 1.75  1011 C kg–1 
-ray has no charge and has negligible mass. 6.626  1034  3  108
=
Atomic number and mass number 325  109
= 6.11  10–19 J
1. 30
Si and 31
P have same number of neutrons 6.11  10 19
14 15
= eV
(i.e., equal to 16). 1.602  1019
= 3.8 eV
2. Atomic number = number of protons = 17
Therefore, the element is chlorine (Cl). 3. (i) 300 nm = 300  10–9 m = 3  10–7 m
Mass number (ii) 300 m = 300  10–6 m = 3  10–4 m
= Number of protons + Number of neutrons (iii) 3 nm = 3  10–9 m
= 17 + 18 = 35 (iv) 30 Å = 30  10–10 m = 3  10–9 m
The given species is negatively charged since it Increasing order of wavelength is,
has more electrons than protons. iii = iv < i < ii
hc 1
Isotopes and isobars Now, E = i.e, E 
 
1. Isotopes of a given element show similar  Increasing order of energy is, ii < i < iii = iv
chemical properties but different physical 5. By the definition of the black body, it absorbs
properties. Therefore, both isotopes of carbon and emits radiations of all frequencies.
on combustion give carbon dioxide.
7. Wave number of series of hydrogen spectrum is
3. Isobars have same mass number (A) and same given as:
number of nucleons.  1 1 

 = R 2
 2
4. S have 17 electrons but others have 18  ni nf 
electrons as in argon. 1 1 
 = RH  2  2 
Wave nature of light 8 n 
R R
 = H  2H
1. c =  64 n
c  1  R
 =  = RH  2   H
  n  64
3.0  108 m s 1 On comparing with equation of straight line,
 =
1.5  1015 s 1 y = mx + c
 = 2.0  107 m = 2.0  103 Å Slope (m) = –RH
1
 

NCERT Based Chemistry MCQs hints

8. Using Smart tip - 2, 8. E = 2.18  10–18 [ 1 2  1 2 ]

1 1
 
1 5  3
 1  2 E = 1.55  10 J –19

1

1

1  Ephoton = +1.55  1019 J
355 680  2 Now,  = hc
1 1 1 E photon
  
 2 355 680 34
 = 6.626  10 193  10
8

1 680  355 1.55  10

 2 355  680  = 1.28  10–6 m
 2 = 743 nm 9. For Lyman series, n1 = 1
9. Variation of internal energy of argon with For shortest wavelength, n2 = ∞
1 æ Z2 ö
temperature is a not a direct manifestation of the  = R ççç 2 ÷÷÷
λ min çè n1 ÷ø
quantum nature of atoms.
Photoelectric effect (B), absorption spectrum 1 æ12 ö
 = R ççç 2 ÷÷÷ =R
(C) and black body radiations (D) can be λ min çè1 ø÷
explained by quantum theory. 1
 min =
Bohr’s model for hydrogen atom R
Dual nature of matter: de Broglie’s
2. Using Smart tip - 3, relationship
Z2
En =   2.18  1018   J atom1 1. r = a0n2
n2
 r = 52.9  (2)2 pm
22
=   2.18  1018   2 Now,
2 n = 2r
=  2.18  1018 J / atom 2 r
=
13.6 n
5. En = eV 2  52.9   2 
2
n2 =
For excited state, n  1. 2
13.6 = 211.6  pm
When n = 2, E2 = = – 3.4 eV
(2) 2 h
2. =
13.6 mv
When n = 3, E3 = = – 1.5 eV 6.626 10 34
(3) 2 =
76  10 3  10
 Among the given options, the energy of a
possible excited state of hydrogen is – 3.4 eV. = 8.7  1034 m
3. Mass of the particle (m) = 10–5 kg
6. According to Bohr’s theory for hydrogen atom,
velocity of the particle (v) = 10 ms–1
radius of the nth orbit is given by,
 10 34
rn = 0.529  n2 Å  = h  6.626
5
= 6.63  10–30 m
mv 10  10
i.e., rn  n2
r1 1 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
 
r4  4 2
The radius of first Bohr’s orbit is given as a0. 1. If the position of a particle is measured
a0 1 accurately, there will be more error in the
  measurement of its momentum.
r4 16
r4 = 16a0 h h
2. By using x  p = ; x  v  m =
4 4
7. Using Smart tip - 4, where : x = uncertainty in position
n2 v = uncertainty in velocity
rn = 0.529  Å
Z h
x  v =
For hydrogen; n = 2 and Z = 1, therefore 4  m
 Radius of second Bohr orbit 6.63  1034
=
= 0.529  (2)2 4  3.14  9.1 1031
= 2.12 Å = 5.8  10–5 m2 s–1
2
 

Structure of Atom
Quantum mechanical model of an Electronic configuration of atoms
atom: Concept of atomic orbitals
2. Ne (10) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 (ground state)
3. Except s-orbitals, all other orbitals have For neon in ground state, maximum value of n is
directional characteristics. 2. Option (D) represents an electron present in
Quantum numbers 2s orbital.

4. Orbital angular momentum, L = l (l 1)

h Stability of half-filled and
2 completely filled orbitals
h
= 2
2 1. Mn(25) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s2
( for p-orbital, l = 1) 1
For 3d5: n = 3, l = 2, s = 
5. Orbital angular momentum (L) of an electron is, 2
h 2. – 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
L= l  l  1 24Cr
2
 For d-orbital, l = 2 3. 24Cr [Ar] 3d5 4s1
5 2
h 25Mn  [Ar] 3d 4s
L= 6 4 1
2 41Nb  [Kr] 4d 5s
5 1
Shapes of orbitals 42Mo  [Kr] 4d 5s

1. The ‘d’ orbital whose lobes lie along the axis is Miscellaneous
d2 2.
x y
Z
Y 2. The wavelength () is related to momentum (p)
by the equation:
h
X = ....(i)
p
1
Now, p = mv and E = mv2
d 2
x2  y2
2. ‘d’ orbitals have directional properties. 1  p2  1 p2
 E= m 2  =
5. Number of radial nodes = n – l – 1 2 m  2m
Number of angular nodes = l  p = 2mE
For 3s orbital, n = 3 and l = 0, On substituting in equation (i),
Number of radial nodes = 3 – 0 – 1 = 2
h
Number of angular nodes = 0 =
2mE
Rules for filling electrons in
orbitals  h/ = 2mE
Now, E = eV
2. The orbitals are 4d (I) , 3d (II), 4p (III) and 3p (IV). h
 = 2meV
The increasing order of energy is: λ
3p < 3d <4p < 4d.
hc
3. An orbital can accommodate maximum of two 3. Ephoton =

electrons only.
N A .hc
4. According to Hund’s rule electron pairing will  Emole photon =

not take place in orbitals of same energy until Eyellow
each degenerate orbital is singly filled.
=
 6.02 2  10 23
mol 1  6.626 10 34 Js  3108 ms 1 
5. The given electronic configuration in option (C)
580  10 9 m
violates Hund’s rule. The correct electronic 5 1
configuration of N is = 2.06  10 J mol
1s2 2s2 2p1x 2p1y 2p1z Ered

=
 6.022 10 23
mol1  6.626 1034 Js  3108 ms 1 
680  109 m
or = 1.76  10 J mol15
1s2 2s2 2p1x 2p1y 2p1z
Total energy = (2.06  105) + (1.76  105)
Total energy = 3.82  105 J

3
 

NCERT Based Chemistry MCQs hints

2. Energy of one mole photon
Homework Questions 598.53  103 J 1mol photon
= 
3mol photons 6.022  1023 photons
Fundamental particles = 3.31  1019 J
Now, E = h
1.602  10 19 C 6e  N 'C'atoms 3.31  10 19 J
1. 
  A  =
1e 1 atom 'C' 1 mol'C ' 6.626  10 34 J s
1mol'C '  = 4.99  1014s1
  0.007 g 'C '
14 g 'C '
hc
= 289 C 3. Energy of photon = h =

Atomic number and mass number 6.626  1034 Js  3  108 ms1
=
500  109 m
2. number of electrons (e) = 54
6.626  1034 Js  3  108 ms1
number of protons (p) = 54 – 3 = 51 =
5  107 m
number of neutrons (n) = 122 – 51 = 71
x 19.878  1026
Now, n = p + p = J
100 5  107

71 = 51 +
x
× 51 = 3.9756  10–19J
100 Power of the bulb = 200 watt = 200 Js–1
x = 39.2 %  Energy of 1 photon = 3.9756  10–19 J
Isotopes and isobars
200 Js 1
 No. of photons emitted =
2. (A), (B) and (C) are isotones (having same no. 3.9756  1019 J
of neutrons) while 130 130
52 Te and 54 Xe are isobars
= 50.31  1019 s1
(having same mass number). = 5.031  1020 s1
4. Work function (W0) = hν0
3. Ar and Cl− have 18 electrons.
hc
CO and CN have 14 electrons. W0 =
0
Li+ and Be2+ have 2 electrons.
CO2 and NO2 have different number of electrons. hc
0 =
W0
Wave nature of light Where,
0 = threshold wavelength
1. Frequency  = 155  1017 Hz (i.e., s1) h = Planck’s constant
Wave number is the number of waves present in c = velocity of light
1 cm length of a wave.
155  1017 0 =
 6.626  10 34
J s   3.0  108 m s 1 
1 
Wave number  = = = 1.9  1.6  10 19 J
 c 3  108 102 cm
0 = 6.54  10–7 m
= 51.66  107 cm1
Hence, the threshold wavelength (0) is 654 nm.
Wave number  = 51.66  107 cm1
No. of waves present in 1 km is 5. Since minimum threshold frequency of the
= 51.66  107  105 = 5.16  1013 metal is 6.5 × 1014 Hz, light with frequency
6.5 × 1014 Hz or higher can be used to eject
Quantum theory of radiation photoelectrons from metal surface.
1. Etotal = 189 kJ Wavelength Frequency
Radiation
hc 34
6.626  10  3  10 8 (nm) (Hz)
Ephoton = = Yellow 576 5.2 × 1014
 525  109
Green 535 5.6 × 1014
Ephoton = 3.79  1019 J
Blue 454 6.6 × 1014
E total
Number of photons = Violet 410 7.3 × 1014
E photon
6. Increasing the frequency (energy) increases the
189  103
= kinetic energy of ejected photoelectrons but
3.79  1019 does not change the number of photoelectrons
= 4.98  1023 photons ejected from the metal surface. Increasing the

4
 

Structure of Atom
intensity increases the number of photons which Now,
in turn increases the number photo electrons 1
ejected from the metal surface. K.E = mv2
2
Bohr’s model for hydrogen atom 1 1
=  9.11  1031 kg  (1.16  105)2 m2 2
2 s
1. For n4  n1, greater transition, greater the m2
energy difference, lesser will be the wavelength. = 6.13  1021 kg = 6.13  1021 J
s2
2. Absorption is always accompanied by the
4. Velocity of the electron is
excitation of electron from lower energy to
0.5
higher energy level. Thus, options A and D can v=  3  108 m s1 = 15  105 m s1
be eliminated. Since, there exists a greater energy 100
difference between 3 and 5 energy levels than Linear momentum of the electron = mv
between 2 and 3, option B is the right answer. = 9.1  1031  15  105
3. The energy gap between the different stationary = 1.36  1024 kg m s1
states of hydrogen atom decreases as:
(E2 – E1)  (E3 – E2)  (E4 – E3) and so on. Thinking Hatke - Q.4
5. Using Smart tip - 4, Owing to very small mass of electron,
n2 the product of mass and velocity of the
r = 0.529  Å electron cannot be so large. Hence, options
Z
For Li2+ n = 1 and Z = 3 (C) and (D) can be eliminated.
rd
1
Li = rn = radius of H atom
3 5. 10 % of the speed of light is
For Be3+ n = 1 and Z = 4
v = 
10  8 –1 7 –1
1
th  (3.00  10 m s ) = 3.00  10 m s
Be = rn = radius of H atom  100 
4 Momentum of the electron (p) = mv
6. For He ; Z = 2+
= (9.11  10–31 kg) (3.00  107 m s–1)
Using Smart tip - 6, = 27.33  10–24 kg m s–1
 I.E. of He+ = (I.E. hydrogen) × (2)2 The de Broglie wavelength of this electron is
= (I.E. hydrogen) × 4 h 6.626 1034
Dual nature of matter: de Broglie’s =  = 2.42  10–11 m
p 27.33 1024
relationship

h 6.626 10 34 Thinking Hatke - Q.5

1. = =  10–33 m
mv 60  10 3  10 Wavelength of tiny particles such as
electron cannot be too small. Hence, options
! (A) and (B) are not possible.
Neither, it can be so large. Hence, option (D)
Make sure that all the units are in MKS system. is not possible.

h h h
2. We know that  = ; m= 6. =
mv v 2KE.m
The velocity of photon (v) = 3  108 m sec–1
h2
 = 1.34  10–8 cm = 1.34  10–10 m  2 =
2KE.m
6.626 1034 Js
 m= h2
1.34 1010 m  3 108 msec1  KE. =
= 1.64  10–32 kg (kg = J s2 m2) 2 × m × λ2

3. According to de Broglie,
=
 6.625 × 10 
34 2

=
h 2 × 9.1× 10 × 1.82 × 10 
31 7 2

mv
h 6.626  10 kgm s 34 2 1 43.89 ×1068
 v= = =
m 9.11  1031 kg  6.25  109 m 60.287 ×1045
 v = 1.16  105 ms1 = 7.28  10–24 J
5
 

NCERT Based Chemistry MCQs hints

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle Electronic configuration of atoms

2. The uncertainty in speed of the ball will be, 1. M shell – 3s2 3p6 3d1
3.5
v =  80 = 2.8 cm s1 2. 25Mn [Ar] 3d5, 4s2
100
Uncertainty in position of the ball is Mn2+ 5 unpaired electrons
27
h 6.626  10
x = = = 1.25  10 29 cm
4mv 4  3.14  15  2.8 Mn3+ 4 unpaired electrons

Thinking Hatke - Q.2 Mn4+ 3 unpaired electrons

If uncertainty in the velocity is large
Mn5+ 2 unpaired electrons
enough to be measurable, then uncertainty in
position would be to small to be measured.
Hence, options (B), (C) and (D) can be Stability of half-filled and
eliminated. completely filled orbitals

3. The product of uncertainty in the position and 1.

the momentum of a sub–atomic particle = h/4 No. of unpaired
Element Configuration
(i.e., a constant). Since x is same for the given electrons
electron and the given helium atom, p must be V [Ar]3d34s2 3
the same for both the particles Mn [Ar]3d54s2 5
i.e., 30  10–26 kg m s–1 (given). Cr [Ar]3d54s1 6

Quantum mechanical model of an 2.

atom: Concept of atomic orbitals Cu:
3d10 4s1
1. Atomic orbitals do not have sharp boundaries Miscellaneous
because the probability of finding an electron
even at large distances may be very small but 1.
not equal to zero. Number of possible
Shell Orbital
orientations of
2. Using Smart tip - 7, number designation
orbital in the shell
The correct graph should show 1 peak. 3 3 i = 3p
So, option (C) is correct.
4 3 ii = 4p
Quantum numbers 3 5 iii = 3d
4 1 iv = 4s
1. For n = 4, l = 3  m cannot be equal to  4.
2.  = 5893 A = 5893  10–10 m
st
2.  1s (one)
1 shell Energy of the photon =
hc
2nd shell
 2s (one) + 2p (three) 
3rd shell
 3s (one) + 3p (three) + 3d (five) 6.626  1034  3  108
= J
4th shell
 4s (one) + 4p (three) + 4d (five) 5893  1010
+ 4f (seven) = 3.37  10–19 J
Total = 30  Total energy emitted by Na-lamp
Shapes of orbitals = watt  time
= 60  36000 s
1. Number of radial nodes = (n  l  1)
= 2.16  106J
for 4d = 4  2  1 = 1
E total 2.16  106
for 5f = 5  3  1 = 1 No. of photons = = 19
= 6.4  1024
E photon 3.37  10
Rules for filling electrons in
orbitals 3. Energy absorbed =
hc

2. 6.6261027  3  1010
3d6 =
360108
5f11 = 5.52  10–11 erg
= 5.52  10–18 J
6
 

Structure of Atom
Eabsorbed = Eovercome attractive forces + K.Eelectron
 K. E. = 5.52  10–18 – 7.52  10–19
= 47.68  10–19 J
hc hc
4. Energy of photon = =
 e
6.626  1034  3  108
=
300  109  1.602  1019
= 4.14 eV
For photoelectric effect to occur, energy of
incident photons must be greater than the work
function of metal.
 Only Li, Na, K and Mg have  < 4.14 eV
6. Orbits are non-directional.
7. Mo = [Kr]5s14d5;
As = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3;
I = [Kr] 5s24d105p5
8. 19
9 F = 1s2 2s2 2p5
32
16 S = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
38
18 Ar = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
38
(A) Maximum nuclear charge = 18 in 18 Ar
(B) Minimum number of neutrons = 10 in 19
9 F

(C) Maximum number of unpaired electrons

32
= 2 in 16 S
(D) Sulphur ‘S’ has more ‘p’ electrons than
fluorine.

9. Wave number  =
c
1 MHz = 106Hz (i.e., s1)
93.5  106 s 1
For red FM,  =
3108 102 cm s 1
= 31.166  104 cm1
98.3  106 s 1
For radio mirchi,  =
3108 10 2 cm s 1
= 32.766  104 cm1
100.1106 s 1
For vividh bharti,  =
3  108  102 cm s 1
= 33.366  104 cm1
Ratio of wave numbers
= Red FM : Radio mirchi : Vividh bharti
= 31.66 : 32.766 : 33.366
Simple ratio
31.166  104 32.766  104 33.366  104
= : :
31.166  104 31.166  104 31.166  104
 Simple ratio = 1 : 1.05 : 1.07
11. For He+; Z = 2
Using
 I.E. = 4  I.E. hydrogen