VIVA Questions

1. What is Psychology?

Ans: Psychology is derived from two Greek words psyche meaning soul and logos
meaning science or study of a subject. Psychology was a study of the soul or mind.
A science which studies mental processes, experiences and behaviour in different
contexts.
Psychology is a modern discipline aimed at understanding the complexities of
mental processes, experiences and behaviour of individuals in different contexts.
2. What are the major schools of psychological thought?
The major schools of psychological thought are structuralism, functionalism,
behaviourism, Gestalt school, psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology and cognitive
psychology.
3. Who is father of Psychology?
Sigmund Freud ang wilhem wunt
4. What is intelligence?

Ans. According to Wechsler, intelligence is an aggregate and global capacity to think

rationally, deal effectively and act purposefully.

5. What do you mean by capacity?

Ans. It means intelligence is inborn, although by and large it is product of nature and
nurture.

6. What do you understand by term ‘think rationally’?

Ans. Intelligence-related activities are logical, coherent, and relevant.

7. What do you understand by the term ‘deal effectively’?

Ans. Adaptability/adjustment — a person who is intelligent has number of solutions to

cope up with the demands.

8. What do you understand by the ‘act purposefully’?

Ans. Intellectual activities are goal-directed.

9. Who is author of ‘Standard Progressive Matrices’?

Ans. J.C. Raven of England.

10. Why term ‘standard’ has been used in SPM?

Ans. It is the original test on the basis of which other tests i.e. advanced progressive
matrices & colored progressive matrices have been developed.

11. Why the term progressive has been used?

Ans. Items are arranged in the increasing dif iculty level.

12. What does SPM measure?

Ans. It measures general intelligence (g-factor), Test particularly suitable for comparing
people with their immediate capacity of power of observation and clear thinking. The test
measures eductive component of ‘g’ factor.

13. What do you mean by eductive component of ‘g’?

Ans. Eductive component is the ability to develop/forge new insights, ability to see meaning
and relationships.

14. Why term ‘Matrices’ has been used?

Ans. The problems are in the form of designs and patterns.

15. How many items are there in SPM?

Ans. Items are grouped into 5 sets. Each set has 12 items. So, total number of items are 60.

16. What is the scoring procedure of SPM?

Ans. • Answers to all the items are checked with the help of scoring key.

•Total number of correct answers are added for each part.

•Scores for all the parts are added to get a total score.

•Scatter of scores are checked from expected score table to ind out discrepancies.

•Corresponding percentiles and grades are calculated with the help of manual.

17. What is mental age?

Ans.Mental age is a measure of intellectual functioning expressed in terms of age. The

concept was given by Alfred Binet.

18. What is IQ?

Ans. •It is the ratio between MA and CA.

•It is not intelligence. It is simply a measure of intelligence.

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•William Stem gave the concept of IQ.

19. Name two features of IQ.

Ans. (i) IQ is relatively constant. It is not increasing with the age.(ii) Average IQ is always
100.

20.What is the formula of IQ?

Ans. Mental age/chronological age x 100.

21. Why we multiply by 100?

Ans. To get the score in % tage and to avoid decimals.

22.What is culture fair test?

Ans. A test that does not discriminate examinees on the basis of their cultural experiences
e.g.,RSPM.

23.What is performance test of intelligence?

Ans.A test in which the role of language is minimised. The task requiring overt motor
responses other than verbal, e.g., Bhatia’s Battery of intelligence test.

24.What are speed tests? Give example.

Ans. The tests, which are scored on the basis of speed and accuracy are known as speed
tests.e.g. Stanford Binet Test or Wais.

25.What is a power test? Give example.

Ans. The tests which are scored only on the basis of accuracy, are known as power tests.
Here time is not the variable, e.g., RSPM.

26.What is a battery?

Ans. Battery is a collection of tests.

27.Name one individual verbal intelligence test.

Ans. Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale.

28.Name an intelligence test which is verbal, non-verbal as well as performance test.

Ans. Wechsler’s Adult intelligence scale (WAIS).

29.Name one group verbal intelligence test?

Ans. General Mental Ability Test (GMAT) by Dr. Mohsin.

30.Name one non-verbal test of intelligence?

Ans. SPM.

31. How percentage is different from percentile?

Ans. Percentage refers to a score attained out of hundred. Percentile is position of the
individual among hundred.

32.What are sten scores?

Ans. These are standard scores indicated on standard ten point scale.

33.What is a Psychological test?

Ans. Psychological tests are standardised tools to measure abilities and personalities traits.
It may be verbal, non-verbal or performance.

34.How ordinary tests are different from psychological test?

Ans.Psychological tests are standardized whereas ordinary tests are not standardized.

35.How Experiments are different from Psychological test?

Ans.In experiment we prove or disapprove a hypothesis in controlled conditions whereas in

psychological test we measure interest or psychological characteristics.

36.What is Hypothesis?

Ans.It is an assumption or tentative answer.

37.What is Variable?

Ans.Any measurable conditions, events characteristics or behaviour that are controlled or

observed in a study and can be varied.

38.What is Independent variable?

Ans.The ‘cause’ or event or situation manipulated by the experimenter to see if it will have
predicted effect on some other event or situation.

39.What is dependent variable?

Ans.The effect or the factor that is measured in an experiment. It changes because of

manifestation of independent variable.

40.What is Intervening/Relevant variable?

Ans.Any variable other than independent variable which in luences dependent variable is
known as intervening variable.
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41. How intelligence is related to adjustment?

Ans.Ability to adjust is a faculty of intelligence. High intelligence facilitates adjustment.

42.Who established irst lab of psychology, and where?

Ans.William Wundt in 1879 at Leipzig University in Germany.

43.Who is known as ‘father of experimental psychology’?

Ans.Francis Galton.

44.Who is known as ‘father of psychology’?

Ans.Dr. Sigmund Freud.

45.Who developed irst intelligence test for children?

Ans.Alfred Binet.

86. What are Psychometric Tests?

Ans. Psychometric tests are standardized and objective measuring instrument used to
assess an individual’s standing relative to others on some mental or behavioural
characteristics.

46. Why psychologist use norms to assess abilities?

Ans. Psychological attributes cannot be reduced to zero.

47.What are the types of intelligence?

Ans.According to Thorndike-Concrete—ability to deal with objects. Abstract—ability to

deal with symbols and numbers. Social—ability to deal with people and their activities.

48.What is Introspective report?

Ans. It is report of self-analysis.

49.Why it is necessary to have behavioural introspective report?

Ans. Most of our behaviour patterns are very complex and subjectively determined which
can be revealed by the individual only.

50.What is scale?

Ans.A set of ascending or descending values used to designate position of a trait or ability
e.g., Scaleuses inches or centimetres or sten score table 4, 5, 6, 7 average, 1, 2, 3 low and 8,
9, 10 high.

51. What is reliability?

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Ans. A statement about the degree of consistency of the result. It is established through
test- retest or split half method.

52.What is validity?

Ans. The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure. It is accuracy of the
test.

53.What are Norms?

Ans. Standard or value based on measurements of a large group of people. It is also be

named as typical score or criteria. There are various types of norms like age norms, sex
norms, class norms, regional norms.

54.What is standardisation?

Ans.A method of establishing norms or standards and uniform procedures for a test by
administering it to a large group of representative individuals.

•In short standardisation of Psychological test implies uniformity of procedure in

instructions, administration and scoring.

55.What are Standard scores?

Ans.A raw score that is converted into a meaningful unit: speci ically, the individuals
distance from the mean in terms of the standard deviation on a given test.

56.What is speed test?

Ans. Psychological test is which individual difference depends solely on speed of

performance.

57.What is Power test?

Ans.A Psychological test that has a time limit long enough for everyone to attempt all items.

58.What is questionnaire?

Ans. Questionnaire is a set of questions printed or typed in a de inite order on a form or set
of forms.

• •Is is mailed to respondents who are expected to read and understand the questions
and write down the reply in the space meant for the purpose in the questionnaire it
self.

• •It may be structured or unstructured.

• •It may be close ended or open ended.

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 • •It is main tool of research survey.

67. What is Psychology?

Ans: Study of behaviour and related mental processes.

68. What is the full form of EPI?
Ans: Eysenck Personality Inventory.
69. How many items in EPI?
Ans: 57 (E-24, N-24 and L-9).
70. By whom and when EPI was standardized?
Ans: H. J. Eysenck and S. B. G. Eysenck (1964)
71. Maximum possible score of EPI.
Ans: 57 (E-24, N-24 and L-9).
72. What EPI measures?
Ans: Extraversion and Neuroticism (Personality type).
73. L stands for what in EPI?
Ans: L-Lie.
74. How much time it takes to complete EPI?
Ans: Not ix time limit, however usually it takes 12 to 15 minutes.
75. What is personality?
Ans: Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking,
feeling and behaving. Or sum total of all traits.
76. Name two more tests to assess personality?
Ans: MMPI and MPI.
77. How scoring is done?
Ans: Using scoring stencil provided by the author.
78. Who standardized EPI for Indian population?
Ans: Prof B S Gupta, BHU.
79. What are the application of EPI?
Ans: Study of behaviour and individual differences.
80. Who male or female score higher on E and N in EPI?
Ans: EPI norms (Hindi version) indicate that males had larger score on E Scale and Females
had large score on N Scale. No signi icant difference on L Scale between genders.
81. Which type of response from the subjects is sought by the authors of EPI?
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Ans: First and immediate response that comes to mind just after reading the item is
needed to be marked instead of response after deliberation.