BANGALORE SAHODAYA SCHOOLS COMPLEX ASSOCIATION (BSSCA)
PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION 2022-2023
SET A –Answer Key
Date: 18/01/2023 Max. Marks: 70
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY Time: 3 Hrs
_________________________________________________________________________________________
General Instructions:
i. All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
ii. Question Nos. 1 -18 in Section A carry 1 mark each.
iii. Question Nos. 19-23 in Section B are Very Short Answer Type-I questions carrying 2 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
iv. Question Nos. 24-27 in Section C are Short Answer Questions Type-II carrying 3 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
v. Question Nos. 28 - 31 in Section D are Long Answer Type I questions carrying 4 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi. Question No. 32 in Section E is a Long Answer Type II question carrying 6 marks. Answer to this
question should not exceed 200 words.
vii. Question Nos. 33 – 36 in Section F are based on two cases given. Each case has two questions
carrying two marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
SECTION A
1.Roma is a 10year old girl who has exceptional general ability across a wide variety of areas and is
also considered a singing prodigy at her school. Which ability is being discussed here?
i.Giftedness
ii.Creativity
iii.Intelligence
iv.Talent
a.i and ii
b.ii and iii
c.i and iii
d.i and iv
Ans.: d. i and iv - Page. 12
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2. Navya evaluates herself positively with regard to her personality as well as life decisions.The
positive value judgement of Navya about herself indicates she has high .
a. Self -concept
b. Self - efficacy
c. Self- regulation
d. Self- control
Ans.: a. self – concept- Page 26
3.Which of the following statements characterise an individualistic culture?
a. Each member of the group maintains his/her individuality
b. There is no clear dichotomy between self and others
c. Self and group are treated as one composite unit
d. Self and group have a harmonious co-existence.
Ans.: a. Each member of the group maintains his/her individuality – Page 28
4. ___________ appraisals are associated with more confident expectations of the ability to cope
with a stressful event.
a. Harm
b. Threat
c. Challenge
d. Secondary
Ans.: c. Challenge - Page 53
5.Which of the following is not a construct of positive health?
i. Low self-regard
ii.Absence of quality personal relationships
iii. A sense of purpose in life
iv.Resilience to stress
a.i and ii
b.i, iii and iv
c.ii, iii and iv
d.i, and iii
Page 2 of 16
Ans.: a. i and ii - Page 65
6.Kusum suddenly loses her sight, but doctors are unable to find the physiological reason for the
problem. She is showing symptoms of _________________
a. Somatic symptom disorder
b. Illness anxiety disorder
c. Conversion disorder
d. Dissociative disorder
Ans. c. conversion disorder - Page 78
7.Rohit believes he is a secret agent and that a network of spies communicates with him through
messages sent directly into his head. Identify the type of delusion he is experiencing
i. Reference
ii. Control
iii. Grandeur
iv. Persecution
a.i and ii
b. only iii
c. only ii
d.i and iii
Ans.: b. only iii - Page 82
8.Which of the following is/are true about psychological disorders in the middle ages?
i. Demonology and superstition were used as explanations of psychological disorders.
ii. Mental anguish and conflict were considered as reasons for psychological disorders.
iii. Disturbed interpersonal relationships were emphasised to explain mental disorders.
iv. There was an emphasis on deinstitutionalisation for people with psychological disorders.
Page 3 of 16
Choose the correct option -
a. Only i is true.
b. i and ii are true.
c. Only iii is true.
d. ii and iv are true.
Ans.: a. Only i is true - Page 72
9. ____________learning by observing others, is used and through a process of rewarding small
changes in the behaviour, the client gradually learns to acquire the behaviour of the model.
a. Vicarious
b. Association
c. Contingency
d. Cognitive
Ans.: a. Vicarious - Page 98
10. Shanta is a therapist specializing in family/couple therapy. Over the years she has come to accept
that people make their own choices and have pertinent reasons for it too. This core assumption that “
people have freedom and choices” is the premise of ______therapy.
a. Cognitive
b. Gestalt
c. Behaviour
d. Client Centered
Ans.: d. Client centered - Page 101
11. In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Assertion (A): Emotional intelligence is receiving increasing attention of educators today.
Reason(R): The programmes aimed at improving students’ emotional intelligence have been seen to
have beneficial effects on their academic achievement, encourage cooperative behaviour and reduce
antisocial activities.
Page 4 of 16
Options:
a.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c.A is true, R is false
d.A is false, R is true
Ans.: a.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A - Page 17
12.Manya gives trouble in eating dinner, so the amount of evening snacks was decreased. This change
made Manya eat well during dinner. The act of decreasing the quantity of snacks was:
a. Consequence
b. Reinforcement
c. Antecedent operation
d. Maintaining factor
Ans.: c. Antecedent operation - Page 97
13.When the components of an attitude system are in the same direction, it is referred to:
a. Dissonance
b. Attribution
c. Consonance
d. Impression
Ans.: c. Consonance - Page 112 - 113
14.In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Assertion (A): According to Maslow, self-actualisation is a state in which people have reached their
own fullest potential for love, joy, and to do creative work
Reason (R): The individuals are aware of their feelings, accept themselves, as they are, do not live in
the past or dwell in the future through anxious expectations and distorted defences.
Options:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
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d. A is false, R is true
Ans.: b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A - Page 41
15.Nandita is interested in mothers' emotional reactions to their Huggies brand of disposable diapers,
which usually have popular characters or cute designs printed on them. Which component of attitude is
Nandita interested in?
a. Knowledge
b. Cognitive
c. Affective
d. Behavioral
Ans.: c. Affective - Page 108
16.Social loafing will occur when:
a. The group members feel more responsible
b. Motivation of the members decreases
c. Belonging to the group is important
d. There is proper coordination among members
Ans.: b. Motivation of the members decreases Page 137
17.Deepa prefers to engage in the same activity as her roommates. She rarely does anything different.
Such an observation is indicative of the:
a. Cognitive aspect
b. Affective aspect
c. Dissonance aspect
d. Conative aspect
Ans.: d. Conative aspect - Page 108
18.In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Mark the correct choice.
Assertion (A): People under prolonged stress are more prone to irrational fears, mood swings and
phobias.
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Reason (R): Negative emotions lead to the release of stress hormones which leads to the weakening of
the immune system
Options:
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true
Ans.: a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A – Page 60
Section B
19. Natalia has been experiencing severe pain in the left shoulder. Upon visiting her general physician,
she was informed that – she had pulled a muscle and would need to rest her hand for a few days. Its
been over a month since then and she still continues to complain of severe pain leading to her not even
being able to lift a plate. Identify the disorder and briefly describe it.
Somatic symptom disorder – involves a person having persistent body-related symptoms which
may or may not be related to any serious condition. People with this disorder tend to be overly
preoccupied with their symptoms and they continually worry about their health and make
frequent visits to the doctors. P.78 (1+1)
20. (i) Rishitha is a student in grade XI. She is extremely worried as she has a group assignment that
needs to be completed and other members of her team are not cooperating. Every time she reaches out
to them – they list out all their troubles and concerns. Under such circumstances, she is torn between
whether to push them or do it all on her own. What life skill do you think she must build so as to ensure
the group assignment is completed on time collaboratively, also highlight how the life skill will help
her.
Rishitha must be assertive to her team and state to them her requirements with regard to the
project as well as the need for consistent support. This will help her feel more confident, have
high self-esteem and build a solid sense of identity. P.64 (1+1)
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OR
(ii)Rohith a student of class X is experiencing challenging times in life. He has recently lost his mother
to covid, is struggling to cope with the academic pressures of Grade X etc. Given that so much was not
going as per plan in life, he felt that the support of his family and friends is what was keeping him
afloat. Identify and briefly explain the nature of support being provided to Rohith.
Informational support and Emotional support – Page 66 (1+1)
21. Which disorder is primarily characterized by a period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or
pleasure in most activities? Briefly explain the other symptoms associated with this disorder.
Major depressive disorder is defined as a period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or
pleasure in most activities, together with other symptoms which may include change in body
weight, constant sleep problems, tiredness, inability to think clearly, agitation, greatly slowed
behaviour, and thoughts of death and suicide. Other symptoms include excessive guilt or feelings
of worthlessness.P.79 (1+1)
22. The BCCI recently announced that all players of the Indian cricket team would be given the same
match fee irrespective of their gender. This news was met with a lot of joy and excitement among
members of the fraternity and those who follow and love the game. While certain segments of the
population were not too happy with this new development. This unhappiness is an example of a
prejudice – identify and explain the source of this prejudice
A strong social identity and in group bias - page 118(1+1)
23. What is the Bandwagon effect?
The Bandwagon effect is a psychological phenomenon whereby people do something primarily
because other people are having it, regardless of their own beliefs, which they may ignore or
override. P.138 (2)
Section C
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24. The teachers of grade XII are planning a training program to help students cope with exam anxiety.
As a primary approach they wish to adopt stress inoculation training. Briefly describe the phases in this
approach
The three phases of the stress inoculation technique are –
Assessment – involves discussing the nature of the problem and seeing it from the viewpoint of
the person/client. Stress reduction techniques – learning techniques of reducing stress such as
relaxation and self-instruction. Follow through - Page 63 (1+1+1)
25. Attitudes may not always predict actual pattern of ones behaviour. Highlight the factors that
contribute to the consistency between attitudes and behaviours.
• The attitude is strong, and occupies a central place in the attitude system.
• The person is aware of her/his attitude,
• There is very little or no external pressure for the person to behave in a particular way.
For example, when there is no group pressure to follow a particular norm,
• The person’s behaviour is not being watched or evaluated by others, and
• The person thinks that the behaviour would have a positive consequence, and therefore,
intends to engage in that behaviour. Page 117 (1+1+1+1)
26.(i) What is integral intelligence? Write a note on the facets of intelligence in Indian tradition.
Intelligence in the Indian tradition is termed as integral intelligence. It emphasizes on
connectivity with the social and world environment. The facets are – cognitive capacity, social
competence, emotional competence and entrepreneurial competence. page 16 (1+1/2+1/2+1/2+1/2)
OR
(ii)Highlight three characteristics of emotionally intelligent people.
• Perceive and be sensitive to your feelings and emotions.
• Perceive and be sensitive to various types of emotions in others by noting their body language,
voice and tone, and facial expressions.
• Relate your emotions to your thoughts so that you take them into account while solving
problems and taking decisions.
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• Understand the powerful influence of the nature and intensity of your emotions.
• Control and regulate your emotions and their expressions while dealing with self and others to
achieve harmony and peace - Page 17 (1+1+1)
27 Group think is likely to occur in socially homogenous, cohesive groups. At an international level too
there are various examples of the groupthink phenomenon. Such as the Vietnam war. Suggest ways to
prevent groupthink.
• Encouraging and rewarding critical thinking and even disagreement among group members,
• Encouraging groups to present alternative courses of action,
• Inviting outside experts to evaluate the group’s decisions, and
• Encouraging members to seek feedback from trusted others. – Page 134 (any three - 1+1+1)
Section D
28.(i) What is Intelligence Quotient (IQ)? Briefly explain the process of assessment of intelligence.
Intelligence Quotient refers to mental age divided by chronological age, and multiplied by 100.
IQ = MA/CA x 100
William Stern, a German psychologist, devised the concept of the Intelligence Quotient.
• When MA = CA, IA = 100
• If MA > CA, IQ > 100
• If MA < CA, IQ < 100
People with an IQ scores in the range of 90–110 have normal intelligence.
People with an IQ below 70 are suspected to have "mental retardation".
People with an IQ above 130 are considered to have exceptional talents.
IQ scores are distributed in the population in such a way that the scores of most people tend to
fall in the middle range of the distribution. Only a few people have either very high or very low
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scores. The frequency distribution for the IQ scores tends to approximate a bell-shaped curve,
called the normal curve - Page 10 (1+3)
OR
(ii)Who proposed the structure of the Intellectual model? Describe the structure of intellectual model
dimensions.
J.P. Guilford proposed the structure-of-intellect model which classifies intellectual traits among
three dimensions: operations, contents, and products. Operations are what the respondent does.
These include cognition, memory recording, memory retention, divergent production, convergent
production, and evaluation. Contents refer to the nature of materials or information on which
intellectual operations are performed. These include visual, auditory, symbolic (e.g., letters,
numbers), semantic (e.g., words) and behavioural (e.g., information about people’s behaviour,
attitudes, needs, etc.). Products refer to the form in which information is processed by the
respondent. Products are classified into units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, and
implications. Since this classification (Guilford, 1988) includes 6´5´6 categories, therefore, the
model has 180 cells. - Page 6 (1+1+1+1)
29. Nichola is a teenager born and raised in North Carolina,USA. She seems to be extremely
independent and is clear on the actionable items essential for her to meet her goals and requirements.
Natasha is a teenager born and raised in Ranchi, India. She tends to gather inputs from her family and
friends on various aspects such as her goals and aspirations. Explain how each of their approaches to
functioning on a regular basis is a reflection of their environment.
The most important distinction between is that Nicola’s style projects itself as being fairly
individualistic, while Natasha’s style seems collectivistic. The environments one is raised in has a
lasting impact of the approach developed towards life in general. In the Western view, this
boundary appears to be relatively fixed. The Indian view of self, on the other hand, is
characterised by the shifting nature of this boundary. Thus, our self at one moment of time
expands to fuse with the cosmos or include others. But at the next moment, it seems to be
completely withdrawn from it and focused fully on the individual self (e.g., our personal needs or
goals). The Western view seems to hold clear dichotomies between self and other, man and
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nature, subjective and objective. The Indian view does not make such clear dichotomies. In
Western culture, the self and the group exist as two different entities with clearly defined
boundaries. Individual members of the group maintain their individuality. In Indian culture, the
self is generally not separated from one’s own group; rather both remain in a state of harmonious
co- existence. In Western culture, on the other hand, they often remain at a distance. That is why
many Western cultures are characterised as individualistic, whereas many Asian cultures are
characterised as collectivistic. Page – 28 (2+2)
30. Stephen is a store manager at a retail store. His daily job revolves around meeting his sales target
for the day, week and then the month. The other employees in the store are amazed at how Stephen is
so calm and unruffled always despite having high sales targets and as a result a highly stressful job.
What according to you are the factors that help him cope in this manner?
Recent studies by Kobasa have shown that people with high levels of stress but low levels of
illness share three characteristics, which are referred to as the personality traits of hardiness. It
consists of ‘the three Cs’, i.e. commitment, control, and challenge. Hardiness is a set of beliefs
about oneself, the world, and how they interact. It takes shape as a sense of personal commitment
to what you are doing, a sense of control over your life, and a feeling of Stress-resistant
personalities have control which is a sense of purpose and direction in life; commitment to work,
family, hobbies and social life; and challenge, that is, they see changes in life as normal and
positive rather than as a threat. Everyone does not have these characteristics, many of us have to
relearn specific life skills in areas such as rational thinking, and assertiveness to equip ourselves
better to cope with the demands of everyday life, etc. Page - 63 (1+1+1+1)
31.Mary was diagnosed with Schizophrenia (primary symptom – delusions of persecution) and was
admitted at NIMHANS for treatment. After receiving the treatment, she was sent to the rehabilitation
centre to improve her quality of life. What steps would be taken in the rehabilitation centre to help her
become a productive member of the community? Explain.
●In occupational therapy, the patients are taught skills such as candle making, paper bag
making and weaving to help them to form a work discipline.
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●Social skills training helps the patients to develop interpersonal skills through role play,
imitation and instruction. The objective is to teach the patient to function in a social group.
●Cognitive retraining is given to improve the basic cognitive functions of attention, memory and
executive functions
●After the patient improves sufficiently, vocational training is given wherein the patient is
helped to gain skills necessary to undertake productive employment.
Page 103-104 (1+1+1+1)
OR
The pandemic saw many lose their loved ones. One among them was Malini. Malini lost her husband
and daughter due to Covid. Apart from having to deal with this tragic and untimely loss, she also had
to now begin working for the first time in her life. The trials she experienced made her feel that life is
a burden. Her husband was the sole breadwinner and untimely his loss caused immense distress to
her. She has never gone out of the house as her husband is the sole breadwinner and was very caring.
After this incident, she lost hope and was unable to overcome the distress. Explain the psychotherapy
that finds the basis of meaning-making even in life-threatening circumstances and helps to find the
spiritual truth of Malini’s existence.
Victor Frankl, a psychiatrist and neurologist propounded the Logotherapy. Logos is the Greek
word for soul and Logotherapy means treatment for the soul. Frankl calls this process of
finding meaning even in life-threatening circumstances as the process of meaning making. The
basis of meaning making is to make Malini’s quest for finding the spiritual truth of one’s
existence. Just as there is an unconscious, which is the repository of instincts, there is a spiritual
unconscious, which is the storehouse of love, aesthetic awareness, and values of life. Neurotic
anxieties arise when the problems of life are attached to the physical, psychological or spiritual
aspects of one’s existence. Frankl emphasised the role of spiritual anxieties in leading to
meaninglessness and hence it may be called existential anxiety, i.e. neurotic anxiety of spiritual
origin. The goal of logotherapy is to help Malini to find meaning and responsibility in their life
irrespective of their life circumstances. Page 101 (1+3)
Section E
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32. (i)what is personality assessment? Describe the role of behavioural analysis in personality
assessment?
Personality assessment is a formal effort aimed at understanding the personality of an
individual. The various techniques are – interview, observation ratings, nominations and
situational tests. Page 42,46 &47 (1+1+1+1+1+1)
OR
(ii)what is the trait approach to personality. Describe the theories of personality formulated under this
approach
The trait approach focusses on the specific psychological attributes along which individuals
tend to differ in consistent and stable ways. The various thepries are – Allport’s trait theory,
Cattell’s factor analysis, Eyesenck’s theory, Five factor model. Page 30,32 & 33
(1+1.75+1.75+1.75+1.75)
Section F
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Rahim 35-year male patient with complaints of feelings of sadness, anger, aggression and has
recently expressed suicidal thoughts. He prefers to be alone and constant projects a pessimistic view
towards life events. This has been his behaviour pattern for over two years, his father too had
projected similar behaviour about 5 years back. The pandemic and lockdown affected Rahim’s his
business and left him struggling to provide financial support to his family, this resulted in increased
feelings of helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness. In the last 6 month he has begun to drink
alcohol and when asked – states that it helps him cope with the challenges he is experiencing. This
excessive consumption has negatively impacted his interpersonal, social and professional functioning.
He expresses suicidal Ideation on occasion and has sought mental health professional help to
overcome the presenting complaints.
33. (i) Identify the disorder and state two measures to prevent suicidal thoughts.
Depression
Any two of the following
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• limiting access to the means of suicide;
• reporting of suicide by media in a responsible way;
• bringing in alcohol-related policies;
• early identification, treatment and care of people at risk;
• training health workers in assessing and managing for suicide;
• care for people who attempted suicide and provide community support. Page 79 & 80 (1+1)
Or
(ii)Explain how Rahim’s disorder is different from Bipolar disorder.
Depression covers a variety of negative moods and behavioural changes. Depression can refer to
a symptom or a disorder. In day-to-day life, we often use the term depression to refer to normal
feelings after a significant loss, such as the break-up of a relationship. Bipolar I disorder involves
both mania and depression, which are alternately present and sometimes interrupted by periods
of normal mood. Manic episodes rarely appear by themselves; they usually alternate with
depression. Bipolar mood disorders were earlier referred to as manic-depressive disorders. P.79-
80 (2)
34. What according to you are the causal factors for the distress Rahim is experiencing.
Using any one of the following approaches it can be explained:
Biological, Genetic. Psychological Models, Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Cognitive, Humanistic,
Sociocultural, Diathesis Stress Model . Page 73,74& 75 (2)
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Alfred Binet, in 1905, was requested by the French government to devise a method by which students
who experienced difficulty in school could be identified. Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon,
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began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as
memory, attention skills related to problem solving. Using these questions, Binet determined which
were the ones that served as the best predictors of school success.
Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older
children were generally able to answer and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet suggested the
concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a
certain age group. This first intelligence test referred to as the Binet-Simon Scale. He insisted that
intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time, and it can only be compared in
children with similar backgrounds.
35.Identify the approach on which the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its
features.
●It is based on the psychometric approach.
●It considers intelligence as an aggregate of abilities or on the structure of intelligence. It
expresses an individual's performance in terms of a single index of cognitive abilities. Page
5(1+1)
36 ‘Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older
children were generally able to answer and vice versa’. Why do individuals differ in intelligence?
Using examples, give reasons for your answer.
●Interplay of nature and nurture- Intelligence is a product of both nature and nurture.
●A brief description of both with examples Page 10 (1+½ +½ )
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