স্মার্ট বাংলাদেশের প্রত্যয়

জ্বালানির সাশ্রয়

Energy Scenario
of
Bangladesh
2022- 23

February 2024
 Preface

Report on Energy Scenario, Bangladesh was prepared and published by Hydrocarbon Unit
for the first time in October 2009. The present one is the issue of Energy Scenario, Bang-
ladesh for the period of July 2022 to June 2023. In this report, Energy Scenario of Bangla-
desh has been reflected. Daily average gas production rate has been included in the report
as well. Moreover, Share of Primary and Commercial energy, Sector-wise Liquid fuel con-
sumption, Historical Gas production and Net Energy Generation along with the graphical
presentation have been depicted.

This report has been prepared based on the data available from the Monthly Reserve and
Gas Production Report of HCU and Monthly Information System (MIS) of Petrobangla.
Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), Bangladesh Power Development Board
(BPDB).

It is expected that the report will be helpful as reference book and elements of interest for
the concerned.

The report will also be available at HCU's website: www.hcu.org.bd.

Date: 27 February, 2023 Md. Shameem Khan

Director General (Joint Secretary)
Hydrocarbon Unit
Energy and Mineral Resources Division

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 i|Page

 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
BACKGROUND AND ENERGY SECTORAL MECHANISM OF BANGLADESH ....................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 BACKGROUND OF ENERGY SECTOR OF BANGLADESH .......................................................................... 2
1.3 BANGLADESH ENERGY RESOURCES: ....................................................................................................... 3
1.4 ENERGY SECTORAL MECHANISMS .......................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
ENERGY SECTORAL ACHIEVEMENT OF CURRENT GOVERNMENT .................................................................. 5
2.1 MAJOR INITIATIVES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: ............................................................................................ 6
2.2 ACHIEVEMENT OF CURRENT GOVERNMENT IN ENERGY SECTOR: ........................................................... 7

CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
ENERGY SECTOR: CURRENT STATUS OF BANGLADESH.................................................................................... 9
3.1 CURRENT POSITION OF ENERGY RESOURCES ..................................................................................... 10
3.2 PRIMARY ENERGY: .................................................................................................................................. 10
3.3 TOTAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY: .................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 HISTORICAL COMMERCIAL ENERGY: .......................................................................................................... 12

CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................................... 13
ENERGY SECTOR: DETAILED PRIMARY ENERGY ............................................................................................. 13
4.1 NATURAL GAS .......................................................................................................................................... 14
4.1.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ......................................................................................................... 14
4.1.2 NATURAL GAS RESERVE ..................................................................................................................... 14
4.1.3 HISTORICAL GAS PRODUCTION: ........................................................................................................ 15
4.1.4 GAS PRODUCTION BY COMPANIES: ................................................................................................... 15
4.1.5 NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................................. 16
4.1.6 NATURAL GAS DEMAND ............................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 LNG ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
4.2.1 LNG IMPORT TO SUPPLEMENT INDIGENOUS SUPPLY .................................................................... 18
4.2.2 LNG SCENARIO: ........................................................................................................................................... 20
4.3 NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION ..................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 GEOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES .............................................................................................................................. 20
4.3.2 2D SEISMIC SURVEY ................................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.3 3D SEISMIC SURVEY ................................................................................................................................... 21

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 ii | P a g e

4.3.4 DRILLING ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
4.3.5 WORKOVER ................................................................................................................................................. 23
4.3.6 EXPLORATION OF UNCONVENTIONAL FORM OF ENERGY .................................................................... 24
4.4 OIL (PETROLEUM) SECTOR .................................................................................................................... 24
4.4.1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ......................................................................................................... 24
4.4.2 SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION OF OIL ........................................................................................................ 24
4.4.3 PETROLEUM REFINERY: ............................................................................................................................ 26
DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS .................................................................................................................... 29
SOURCE COUNTRIES FOR IMPORTED OILS................................................................................................................ 29
4.5 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) ...................................................................................................... 30
4.6 COAL .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
4.7 PEAT .......................................................................................................................................................... 33
4.8 CONDENSATE AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS (NGL) .............................................................................. 33

CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................................................... 35
POWER GENERATION ......................................................................................................................................... 35
5.1 PRIMARY ENERGY MIX FOR POWER GENERATION ................................................................................... 36
5.2 POWER SECTOR AT A GLANCE ..................................................................................................................... 36
5.3 POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ................................................................................................................. 37
5.4 NET POWER GENERATION ........................................................................................................................... 39
5.5 POWER GENERATION BY FUEL TYPE .......................................................................................................... 39
5.6 POWER CONSUMPTION ................................................................................................................................ 40
5.7 POWER IMPORT............................................................................................................................................. 41

CHAPTER 6 ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 42
6.1 RENEWABLE ENERGY ................................................................................................................................... 43
6.1.1 TRADITIONAL BIOMASS FUELS ................................................................................................................ 43
6.1.2 CONVENTIONAL HYDROPOWER ............................................................................................................... 45
6.1.3 NEW-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 45
 Bio fuel ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
 Wind Energy .................................................................................................................................................. 48
 Tidal Energy .................................................................................................................................................. 49
 Wave Energy ................................................................................................................................................. 50
 River Current................................................................................................................................................. 50
 Waste to Electrical Energy ........................................................................................................................... 50

 NUCLEAR POWER ........................................................................................................................................ 51

CHAPTER 7 ........................................................................................................................................................... 52
ENERGY TARGETS AND PROJECTIONS TOWARDS ENERGY TRANSITION .................................................... 52
7.1 ENERGY TRANSITIONS AND PROJECTIONS: RATIONALE OF IEPMP ....................................................... 53

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 iii | P a g e

7.2 MAIN FEATURES OF IEPMP .......................................................................................................................... 53
7.2.1 CASE SETTING ON TECHNICAL PROGRESS ................................................................................................ 53
7.2.2 SCENARIO SETTING ON TECHNICAL PROGRESS ........................................................................................ 54
7.2.3 COMPARISON OF THREE SCENARIO ........................................................................................................... 55
7.3 PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FORECASTING ................................................................................................. 55
7.4 PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY FORECASTING- HCU VERSION ....................................................................... 56
7.5 ENERGY TRANSITION: FUTURE PROJECTION ............................................................................................ 57
7.5.1 NATURAL GAS DEMAND & PRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 59
7.5.2 OIL DEMAND & SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................. 61
7.5.3 COAL DEMAND AND INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION OUTLOOK ................................................................. 62
7.5.4 OUTLOOK OF CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY ..................................................................................................... 63
7.5.5 CO2 EMISSION ............................................................................................................................................. 64
7.5.6 ENERGY INTENSITY ................................................................................................................................... 64

CHAPTER 8 ........................................................................................................................................................... 66
ALTERNATE FUELS ............................................................................................................................................. 66
8.1 HYDROGEN AS ENERGY SOURCE ................................................................................................................. 68
8.2 AMMONIA ....................................................................................................................................................... 69
8.3 MUNICIPAL WASTE TO CLEAN ENERGY/FUEL .......................................................................................... 71
8.4 BIOMASS GASIFICATION TO BIOMETHANE AND BIOFUEL ....................................................................... 71
CHAPTER 9 ........................................................................................................................................................... 73

CRITICAL/ EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ............................................................................................................ 73

9.1 UCG TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN AND BIOFUEL ............................................................................................ 74
9.2 CCUS (CARBON CAPTURE, UTILIZATION AND STORAGE) ......................................................................... 74
9.3 EGR (ENHANCED GAS RECOVERY) .............................................................................................................. 76
CHAPTER 10 ......................................................................................................................................................... 78

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................... 78

10.1 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................. 79

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 iv | P a g e

 List of Tables

Table 1: Energy Sectoral Achievement in the current Govt. ............................................................... 7

Table 2: Total Primary Energy FY 2022-23 in MTOE (Million Ton Oil Equivalent)........................ 11
Table 3: Natural Gas Sector at a Glance, FY 2022-23......................................................................... 14
Table 4: Natural Gas Demand Forecast (Unit: MMcfd)...................................................................... 17
Table 5: LNG Scenario, FY 2022-23 .................................................................................................... 20
Table 6: Petroleum Sector at a Glance (2022-23).............................................................................. 25
Table 7: Sale of Petroleum Products by BPC during last 10 Year in MT, FY 2022-23.................... 25
Table 8: ERL Process plant scenario ................................................................................................... 26
Table 9: Historical Processing by ERL in MT, FY 2022-23 ................................................................ 27
Table 10: Petroleum Productions from Refineries (Public Sector) in MT, FY 2022-23 ................. 28
Table 11: Petroleum Productions from Refineries (Private Sector) in MT, FY 2022-23 ................ 28
Table 12: Naptha Production Scenario ............................................................................................... 28
Table 13: LPG scenario of last 5 year .................................................................................................. 30
Table 14: LPG Summary, FY 2022-23 (MT) ....................................................................................... 30
Table 15: Coal Fields of Bangladesh.................................................................................................... 32
Table 16: Bangladesh’s Power Sector: At a Glance (2022-23) ......................................................... 36
Table 17: Electricity Import Scenario ................................................................................................. 41
Table 18: Planned Nuclear Power Reactors ....................................................................................... 51
Table 19: Projected Total Primary Energy of Bangladesh (in terms of percentage) ...................... 58
Table 20: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP ................................... 65

List of Figures

Figure 1: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ................................................................................ 2

Figure 2: Bangladesh Energy Resources .............................................................................................. 3
Figure 3: Energy Sectoral Value Chain.................................................................................................. 4
Figure 4: Major Initiatives by current Government............................................................................. 6
Figure 5: Share of Total Primary Energy of Bangladesh (FY 2022-23) ........................................... 10
Figure 6: Share of Total Primary and Commercial Energy (2022-23) ............................................. 11
Figure 7: Year-wise (2009-23) Commercial Energy in MTOE .......................................................... 12
Figure 8: Historical Gas Production in Bangladesh (2009 – 2023) .................................................. 15
Figure 9: Gas Production in Bangladesh NOC vs. IOC ........................................................................ 15
Figure 10: Gas Production by companies, FY 2022-23 ..................................................................... 16
Figure 11: Sector wise Gas Consumption in Bangladesh (2022-23) ................................................ 16
Figure 12: LNG Operation .................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 13: Mud Logging Unit of BAPEX .............................................................................................. 22
Figure 14: Sector wise Liquid Fuel Consumption in Bangladesh (2022-23)................................... 26
Figure 15: Single Point Mooring (SPM) with Double Pipeline .......................................................... 29
Figure 16: LPG Scenario in Last 5 years in Bangladesh..................................................................... 31
Figure 17: Coal scenario of last 5 year ................................................................................................ 32
Figure 18: Total Installed Capacity 28,134 MW (2022-23) .............................................................. 37
Figure 19: Grid wise Total Installed Capacity 24,911 MW (FY 2022-23) ........................................ 37

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 v|Page

Figure 20: Power Generation by Fuel Type........................................................................................ 38
Figure 21: Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2022-23 ................................... 38
Figure 22: Historical Net Electricity Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh ........................................... 39
Figure 23: Power Generation by Fuel Type (2022-23) ..................................................................... 40
Figure 24: Sector wise Power consumption Pattern (2022-23) ...................................................... 40
Figure 16: Bangladesh India Power Transmission Plant, Bheramara (Kustia) ............................... 41
Figure 26: Conventional Biomass plant and ILRRC (Jashore) Operation ........................................ 43
Figure 27: Biomass Potential of Bangladesh (2012 –13) .................................................................. 44
Figure 28: Bangladesh’s Largest (73 MW) Solar Power Plant, Mymensingh .................................. 46
Figure 29: Solar Pump System in Rangpur District ........................................................................... 47
Figure 21: Windmill in Kutubdia, Cox’s bazar.................................................................................... 49
Figure 31: Comparison of Three Scenario of IEPMP ......................................................................... 55
Figure 32: Primary Energy Supply ...................................................................................................... 55
Figure 33: Primary Energy Supply forecasting by HCU .................................................................... 57
Figure 34: Natural Gas Demand Outlook ............................................................................................ 59
Figure 35: Natural Gas Demand Outlook ............................................................................................ 59
Figure 36: Forecast of Domestic Natural Gas Production ................................................................. 60
Figure 37: Outlook of Natural Gas Supply Balance ............................................................................ 60
Figure 38: Oil Demand Outlook ........................................................................................................... 61
Figure 39: Coal Demand Outlook ........................................................................................................ 62
Figure 40: Coal Production Outlook by scenarios ............................................................................. 62
Figure 41: Coal Production Outlook by scenarios ............................................................................. 63
Figure 42: Energy-Related CO2 Emissions by Source ....................................................................... 64
Figure 43: Production and utilization routes of ammonia in the energy sector ............................. 69
Figure 44: CCUS (source: IEA) ............................................................................................................ 75
Figure 45: General schematic of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage ..................................... 75

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 vi | P a g e

 Chapter 1

Background and Energy Sectoral Mechanism of Bangladesh

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2020-21 1|Page

1.1 Introduction

Bangladesh is a mid-income country. Her GDP growth rate is one of the world’s
largest. For any country, development is the precondition for continued growth of GDP.
And the main driving force of the country's development is energy. Proper use of energy
is essential to meet the country's growing energy demands as well as to lift up from a
mid-income country to a developed country. Energy is playing a vital role in implement-
ing Vision-2121, Vision-2041 and achieving Sustainable Development Goals.

In Bangladesh, about 54 percent of energy demand is met from natural gas. Among
other fuels- oil, coal, biomass etc. are vital. There is a huge reserve of coal in our country,
but coal is less produced as well as less used here. On the other hand, natural gas reserve
is not that substantial, but its production and consumption are the highest among the
available resources. Besides those, energy demand is being met through imported oil and
LPG. Moreover, the government has already started importing LNG to meet increasing
gas demand. Biomass is being used as a lion’s share of energy. The energy demand is also
being met by importing electricity from India.

The use of renewable energy instead of gas, coal and oil has been started in the
whole world and is essential for sustainable development and keeping up with the envi-
ronment by preventing carbon emissions. Many countries in the world like Sweden, Ger-
many, China and USA are currently using renewable energy as a significant part of their
energy demand. Bangladesh is also using renewable energy, but it’s very less than neces-
sity. The government has taken various steps to increase the use of renewable energy in
the future, including solar home system, solar irrigation system, Rooppur nuclear project,
etc.

1.2 Background of Energy Sector of Bangladesh

Development of energy sector is the key factor for

continued development of a country. The father of our na-
tion Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is the founder
of the Energy sector of Bangladesh.
Figure 1: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 2|Page

 Since the independence in 1971, Bangabandhu showed his great visionary leader-
ship in in the energy sector as it is the backbone of a nation. He envisaged Shonar Bangla
with ensuring self-reliant of each citizen. To ensure national energy security of Bangla-
desh, some of the great strategic initiatives of Bangabandhu is listed below-

1.2.1 Establishment of state ownership over energy and mineral resources (Arti-
cle 143 (1) (b) of the Constitution)
1.2.2 Formation of Bangladesh Minerals, Oil and Gas Corporation (BMOGC)
1.2.3 Formulation of Petroleum Act and Petroleum Policy
1.2.4 Introduction of 'Production Sharing Contract' system in Bangladesh
1.2.5 Purchase of the country's five largest gas fields at nominal prices
1.2.6 Formulation of 'The Territorial Waters and Maritime Zones Act' to protect
the sea and maritime boundaries of Bangladesh etc.

1.3 Bangladesh Energy Resources:

With a population of 165.16 million1, Bangladesh is one of the world's most popu-
lated countries. Agriculture used to be the main source of income for the people of this
country. However, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh is 5.78% in the FY
2022-23 and 7.1 in the FY 2021-22.2 Rapid urbanization and industrialization is fueled by
stable economic growth has created a huge demand of energy.

Figure 2: Bangladesh Energy Resources

1 Population and Housing Census 2022, BBS

2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh 2022-23(Final), BBS

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 3|Page

 It is well known that energy plays a vital role in poverty eradication, economic
growth, sustainable infrastructure development and security of any country. To maintain
continuous economic growth, it is substantial to harness indigenous natural resources of
the country.

North eastern folded basin are enriched for the indigenous natural gas of Bangla-
desh. North western basin are enriched for coal and hard rock of Bangladesh.

1.4 Energy Sectoral Mechanisms

The main indigenous energy resources of Bangladesh are Natural Gas and Coal. To elabo-
rate Energy sectoral mechanism, we can delineate it among-

 Upstream
 Midstream
 Downstream

In the following figure, the energy (fuel) value chain is represented briefly-

Figure 3: Energy Sectoral Value Chain3

3 https://cpd.org.bd/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/The-Power-and-Energy-Sector-of-Bangladesh.pdf

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 4|Page

 Chapter 2

Energy Sectoral Achievement of Current Government

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 5|Page

2.1 Major Initiatives in the Energy Sector:

To accelerate economic and social development, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) has
emphasized on the energy and power sector of Bangladesh. International experience has
demonstrated that government policies have a significant impact on attracting private
sector participation in the power and energy sector, and Bangladesh is no different in this
regard.
The GoB has a crucial role to play in creating a climate which makes investment in energy
and power infrastructure development attractive, thus supporting the strategic goal of
“affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all” in Bangladesh through the
development of conventional and non-conventional energy infrastructure, with both pub-
lic and private sector participation.

Formation of 'Gas Development Fund' to in-

crease national capacity for exploration &
production activities
Formation of another fund called 'Energy Se-
curity Fund' for overall support to gas sector

Installation of single point mooring with

double pipeline (SPM)

Planning to set up a new unit of Eastern Re-

finery (ERL-Unit 2) in Chittagong

Successful completion and operation of In-

dia Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline (IBFPL)

Construction of pipeline for fuel oil trans-

portation from Chittagong to Dhaka (Dhaka
Chittagong Pipeline)

Construction of Jet-A1 fuel pipeline from

Pitalganj to Kurmitola Aviation Depot

Figure 4: Major Initiatives by current Government

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 6|Page

 2.2 Achievement of Current Government in Energy Sector:

Table 1: Energy Sectoral Achievement in the current Govt.

Activities Till Dec 2008 June, 2023 Increased

Gas fields 23 29 6 (Sundalpur, Sri-

kail, Rupganj, Bhola
North, Jokiganj and
Elisha)
Well drilling rig 02 4 new rigs pur- 5
(Ineffective) chased &
1 rehabilitation of
existing rig
Oil-Gas Exploration 2D Seis- 20,017 32,351 12,334
mic Survey line kilometers line kilometers line kilometers

Oil-Gas Exploration 3D Seis- 1301 5,971 4,670 sq. km

mic Survey sq. km. sq. km.

Gas supply (including LNG) 1744 3000+ 1256

million cubic million cubic feet million cubic feet
feet
Geological survey 557 19,868 line kilome- 19,311 line kilome-
line kilometers ters ters

Gas transmission pipelines 2102 km 3625 km 1523 km

LNG import capacity - 1000 MMCFD 1000 MMCFD

Installation of residential pre- - 4,34,000 4,34,000

paid meters

Installation of the compressor - 16 wellheads and 3 19

pipelines

Multi-client 2D seismic survey - 12,932 line km. 12,932 line km

for oil, gas exploration in Bay
of Bengal

Petroleum Product Supply 33.26 73.46 Increased

(Thru Govt. Channel) Lakh M.T. Lakh M.T. 40.20
Lakh M.T.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 7|Page

 Activities Till Dec 2008 June, 2023 Increased

Oil Storage Capacity 9 13.70 Increased

(45 Days) Lakh M.T. Lakh M.T 4.70 Lakh M.T

Oil Pipeline 0 624 624

k.m k.m. k.m.

LPG Supply 45,000 12.94 Increased

Lakh M.T 28 times

Exploration Well 76 97 21

Development Well 94 148 54

Workover Well 22 93 71

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 8|Page

 Chapter 3

Energy Sector: Current Status of Bangladesh

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 9|Page

3.1 Current Position of Energy Resources

Known commercial energy resources in Bangladesh include indigenous natural

gas, coal, imported oil, LPG, imported LNG, imported electricity and hydro-electricity. Bi-
omass accounts for about 25% of the primary energy and the rest 75% is being met by
commercial energy. Natural gas accounts for about 54% of the commercial energy4 (with
13% imported LNG). Imported oil accounts for the lion's share of the rest. In this year,
Bangladesh imports about 10.49 million metric ton of crude and refined Petroleum Prod-
ucts.

Moreover, power is also generated by capitalizing Solar Home System (SHS) in on-
grid and off grid areas. The amount of Renewable Energy (Solar+ wind) is currently about
964.17 MW. The amount of power generation from such plants is currently about 0.69
MW. Generation of electricity by Bio-Mass Gasification Method is 0.4 MW in the country.5

Per capita consumption of energy in Bangladesh is on an average 335 kgoe (Kilo-

gram Oil Equivalent) and per capita generation of electricity is 602 kWh with an access to
electricity 100%, which is lower than those of South Asian neighboring countries.

3.2 Primary Energy:

Estimated total primary Total Primary Energy, 57.27 MTOE, FY 2022-23

Oil (Crude + Refined ),
energy of Bangladesh is approx. Biomass, 14.32,
10.49, 18%
25%

57.27 MTOE. Electricity

(Imported), 1.96, LPG , 1.29, 2%
4%
Here, natural gas & LNG
plays combined 41% share, bio- RE (Solar+wind) ,
0.71, 1%

mass 25%, petroleum oil 18% Coal (Local) , 0.49,

1%
RE (Hydro) , 0.17,
and rest is others (coal, LPG, RE, 0%

electricity import) of the total

Natural Gas , 18.63,

primary energy. Coal (Imported), 4.49,

8% LNG , 4.72, 8%
33%

Figure 5: Share of Total Primary Energy of Bangladesh (FY 2022-23)6

4 Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

5
http://www.renewableenergy.gov.bd/
6 Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 10 | P a g e

 Table 2: Total Primary Energy FY 2022-23 in MTOE (Million Ton Oil Equivalent)7

Name Unit Amount MTOE

Oil (Crude + Refined ) K ton 10491.56167 10.49
LPG K ton 1294 1.29
Natural Gas Bcf 803.63 18.63
LNG Bcf 203.41 4.72
Coal (Imported) K ton 7102.54424 4.49
Coal (Local) K ton 767.3078 0.49
RE (Hydro) MW 230 0.17
RE (Solar+ wind) MW 964.17 0.71
Electricity (Imported) MW 2656 1.96
Total Commercial 42.95
Biomass 14.32
Total primary 57.27

3.3 Total Commercial Energy:

Estimated total commer-

Total Commercial Energy, 42.95 MTOE, FY 2022-23
cial energy of Bangladesh is ap- RE
(Solar+wind) ,
RE
prox. 42.95 MTOE. Coal (Local) ,
(Hydr
0.71, 2%
o) , Electricity (Imported), …
0.49, 1% 0.17,
LPG , 1.29, 3%
Here, natural gas & LNG 0%
Oil (Crude +
Coal (Imported), 4.49,… Refined ), 10.49,
plays combined 54% share, pe- 24%
LNG , 4.72,

troleum oil 24% and rest is others

11%

(coal, LPG, RE, electricity import)

Natural Gas ,
of the total commercial energy. 18.63, 43%

Figure 6: Share of Total Primary and Commercial Energy (2022-23)8

7 Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

8 Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 11 | P a g e

3.4 Historical Commercial Energy:

Bangladesh also has a bright potential to produce electricity from wind and mini-
hydro. Recently, solar
Historical Commercial Energy (2009-23), MTOE
power-based irrigation
45
pump has been used in
40
a number of areas of 35
30
the country. Its wide
25

42.95
42.12

42.9
40.52
39.85
use will lessen the pres- 20

34.5
33.1
32.8
29.82
26.48
15
sure on diesel and elec-
19.3

10
tricity. 5
0

Figure 7: Year-wise (2009-23) Commercial Energy in MTOE9

9 Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 12 | P a g e

 Chapter 4

Energy Sector: Detailed Primary Energy

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 13 | P a g e

 4.1 Natural Gas

4.1.1 Organizational Structure

Bangladesh Oil, Gas, and Mineral Corporation, short named Petrobangla, under the
Energy and Mineral Resources Division of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Re-
sources is entrusted with the responsibility of exploration of oil and gas, and production,
transmission and marketing of natural gas in the country.

4.1.2 Natural Gas Reserve

Since first discovery in 1955 as of today 26 gas fields, 24 in the onshore and 2 in
the offshore have been discovered in the country. Of them 20 gas fields are in production,
one offshore gas field have depilated after 14 years of production while other offshore
field has not been viable for production due to small reserve. The estimated proven plus
probable recoverable reserve was 40.09 Tcf. As of June 2020, a total of 20.35 Tcf gas has
already been produced leaving only 9.57 TCF recoverable reserve in proven plus proba-
ble category. Some key information about the natural gas sector is presented in the Table
3.
Table 3: Natural Gas Sector at a Glance, FY 2022-2310

Description Amount
Total number of gas fields 29
Number of gas fields in production 20
Number of producing wells 145
Number of producing wells 105
Present gas production capacity 2750 MMcfd
Highest Production (6th May, 2015) 2785.80 MMcfd
Total recoverable (Proven + Probable) reserve 40.09 Tcf
Recoverable reserve (2P) 29.93
Cumulative Production (June,2023) 20.35 Tcf
Annual Production by NOC 300.70 (37%)
Annual Production by IOC 502.91 Bcf (63%)
Remaining Reserve (Proven + Probable) 9.57 Tcf
Present Demand 3508 MMcfd
Present Deficit 530 MMcfd (along with LNG)
Number of Customer 43 Lakh (Appx.)

10 Petrobangla MIS Report June, 2023; Gas and Coal Reserve & Production-June 2023, Hydrocarbon Unit

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 14 | P a g e

4.1.3 Historical Gas Production:

Historical Production of Gas (2009-23) in Bcf

1200
971 972 Gas LNG
961 965
1000 890 887 892.76
801 820 842.01 803.63
800 704 709 744
654
600

240.56

203.41
216.1
400

203
116
200
0

0
0

0
0

Figure 8: Historical Gas Production in Bangladesh (2009 – 2023)11

From the above Figure 8, it is very clear that natural gas production is declining after the
FY 2016-17. Simultaneously, LNG import introduced from 2018. Due to the rapid indus-
trial growth, to meet energy demand, LNG import is increasing. Hence, GoB has taken im-
mediate initiatives to expedite national gas exploration activities and gas augmentation
activities.

4.1.4 Gas Production by Companies:

Gas Production, NOC vs. IOC in BCF (FY 2022-23)

IOC, 502.91, NOC, 300.70,

63% 37%

NOC IOC

Figure 9: Gas Production in Bangladesh NOC vs. IOC12

11 Petrobangla and Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

12 Petrobangla and Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 15 | P a g e

 Gas Production by Companies in BCF, FY 2022-23

485.62

218.68

48.28 33.74 17.29 0.00

BAPEX BGFCL SGFL Chevron Tullow Santos

Figure 10: Gas Production by companies, FY 2022-2313

In the FY 2022-23, gas production by National Oil companies (NOC) i.e. Bapex, BGFCL,
SGFL is 300 BCF. In the same time, International Oil Companies (IOC) i.e. Chevron, Tullow
produce 502.9 BCF which is approx. 63% of the total national gas production.

4.1.5 Natural Gas Consumption

Sectorwise Gas Consumption in Bangladesh, FY 2022-23

Residential,
CNG, 42.328 , 5% 100.596 , 11%
Tea-Estate, 1.064
, 0%
Commercial, Power, 389.428 ,
5.826 , 1% Industry, 42%
178.755 , 19%

Captive, 164.294 ,
18%

Fertilizer,
50.109 , 5%

Figure 11: Sector wise Gas Consumption in Bangladesh (2022-23)14

13 Petrobangla and Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit

14 Petrobangla MIS Report June, 2023

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 16 | P a g e

 The current average production of natural gas is about 2978 MMcfd. A total 803.63
billion Cubic Feet (BCF) of natural gas was produced and 203.41 BCF LNG is imported in
2022-23 which was used by power 42%, fertilizer 5%, captive power 18%, industry 19%,
domestic 11%, CNG 5% and others is 1% (commercial and tea estate). Natural gas ac-
counts for the 52% grid electricity generation while all the 7urea fertilizer factories are
dependent on natural gas for feedstock. Natural gas has made tremendous contribution
towards industrial growth in the country as fuel for heating and captive power genera-
tion at very favorable price. While the whole nation has been benefitted by this resource,
about 13% of the populations have directly been benefitted by using piped natural gas
for household purposes.

4.1.6 Natural Gas Demand

Being almost single indigenous sources of commercial energy demand for natural
gas experienced vary fast growth over the last three decades often outstripping the sup-
ply. Present demand for gas in the country is about 3508 MMscfd whereas supply is 2978
MMscfd (Gas + imported LNG) indicating a shortage of about 530 MMscfd. It is estimated
that demand for natural gas will rise to about 4622 MMscfd by the 2030. Natural gas de-
mand projection in the country is shown in the figure below:

Table 4: Natural Gas Demand Forecast (Unit: MMcfd)15

Year Power Ferti- Captive Indus- Do- CNG Com- Tea Total
lizer Power try mestic mer-
cial
FY2020-21 1,412.00 188.00 614.00 615.00 369.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 3,346.00
FY2022-23 1,433.00 263.00 663.00 771.00 361.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 3,650.00
FY2024-22 1,454.00 269.00 685.00 873.00 347.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 3,777.00
FY2026-27 1,601.00 337.00 735.00 1,132.00 335.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 4,288.00
FY2028-29 1,738.00 337.00 772.00 1,319.00 328.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 4,643.00
FY2030-31 1,827.00 337.00 782.00 1,467.00 323.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 4,885.00
FY2032-33 2,009.00 337.00 802.00 1,627.00 315.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 5,238.00
FY2034-35 2,249.00 337.00 813.00 1,759.00 307.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 5,612.00
FY2036-37 2,391.00 337.00 816.00 1,889.00 299.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 5,880.00
FY2038-39 2,438.00 337.00 810.00 2,010.00 291.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 6,035.00
FY2040-41 2,682.00 337.00 809.00 2,089.00 291.00 124.00 22.00 3.00 6,356.00

15 Source: Petrobangla

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 17 | P a g e

 4.2 LNG

In order to ensure energy security of the country Bangladesh Government planned to

import LNG in line with the existing and increasing gas demand in the country. Under the
supervision of Petrobangla, RPGCL is accomplishing all necessary functions regarding
LNG infrastructure development, LNG import and RLNG supply to national gas grid. LNG
operation started from 2018 which is a great strategic move to ensure the national energy
security of Bangladesh.

4.2.1 LNG import to Supplement Indigenous Supply

Two terminal use agreements (TUAs) were signed with Excelerate Energy Bangladesh
Limited (EEBL) and Summit LNG Terminal Co. (Pvt.) Ltd. to install 2 FSRUs at Moheshkhali
approximately 90 kilometers south of Chattogram for supplying 500 MMscfd of LNG each.
After installation of the FSRU by EEBL, commissioning started on 12 August, 2018 and
RLNG supply to the national gas grid commenced commercially on 19 August, 2018. Total
LNG imports from this terminal were 10.01 million tons and the total RLNG supply to the
national gas grid was 482,446 million cubic feet from inception to 31 December, 2022.
After the set-up of the 2nd FSRU by Summit, commissioning took place on 29 April, 2019
and RLNG supply to the national grid commenced commercially on 30 April, 2019. Total
LNG import from this terminal was 7.87 million tons and the total RLNG supply to the
national grid was 378,20 million cubic feet from inception to 31 December, 2022.

In addition, the selection of a Terminal Developer to install a Land-Based LNG Terminal

with a capacity of 1,000 MMscfd at Matarbari, Cox’s Bazar has been undertaken. A request
for proposal (RFP) has been issued to 8 shortlisted bidders. The last date for submission
of RFP was extended to 10/08/2023. A committee consisting of 8 members has been
constituted for the purpose of selecting a suitable place from Coal Power Generation
Company Bangladesh Limited for the establishment of Land based LNG Terminal. Beside
this, a gas supply agreement (GSA) between H-Energy and Petrobangla is in process to
import RLNG through a cross-border pipeline.

The proposal from Summit Oil and Shipping Co. Ltd. (SOSCL) to set up an FSRU at
Moheshkhali has been approved in principle by the Government. Negotiations with SOSCL

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 18 | P a g e

are in progress to finalize the draft agreements (TUA and IA). The proposal from
Excelerate Energy to set up an FSRU at the Payra deep sea area has been approved in
principle by the Government. Again, a proposal from Excelerate Energy to expand the
existing FSRU (MLNG) to increase its regasification capacity has also been approved in
principle by the Government. Negotiations with Excelerate Energy are in progress.

To import LNG from Qatargas, a sale and purchase agreement (SPA) was signed on 25
September, 2017 with Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (3), a Qatar-
based Government agency, to ensure the supply of 1.8 - 2.5 MTPA LNG for 15 years. A total
volume of 10.64 million tons of LNG was imported from Qatar through 176 cargoes from
inception to 31 December, 2022. Another SPA was signed with Oman Trading
International Ltd. (present name: OQT), an Oman-based Government agency, on 6 May,
2018 for supplying 1.0-1.5 MTPA LNG for 10 years. A total volume of 5.42 million tons of
LNG was imported from OQT through 86 cargoes from inception to 31 December, 2022. 16

In addition, a master sale and purchase agreement (MSPA) was signed with 21
organizations (suppliers/ traders) to purchase LNG from the spot market. The first cargo
from the spot market was
imported on 25 September,
2020. A total volume of 1.83
million tons of LNG was
imported from the spot market
through 29 cargoes from
inception to 31 December, 2022.

Figure 12: LNG Operation

In order to reduce the gap between demand and supply of gas, the Government has
planned to increase LNG import. Accordingly, a proposal from SOSCL to supply LNG as
long term basis has been approved in principle by the Government. Negotiations are in
progress. On the other hand, negotiations with the Emirates National Oil Company Limited
(ENOC), Qatar Energy and OQT on a G to G basis for long term contracts are in progress.

16 Source: Petrobangla Annual Report 2022

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 19 | P a g e

In addition, an LNG supply contract on a long-term basis with EEBL along with the
expansion of MLNG is also in progress.

4.2.2 LNG Scenario:

Table 5: LNG Scenario, FY 2022-2317

Total LNG Import in June 2023 25.70 Bcf

LNG Import from July 2022 to June 2023 203.42 Bcf

Cumulative LNG import from August 2018 to June 2023 978.84 Bcf

4.3 Natural Gas Exploration

4.3.1 Geological Activities

During 2022, a 95 line-km geological survey has been completed in Jatinga and Jaldi-Mat-
amohri, Cox’s Bazar-Bandarban structure of Sylhet, Chattogram & Bandarban districts. A
complete geological map of the structure is being prepared after analyzing the collected
data and information. Well proposals for Srikail-5 well, Sundalpur-3 appraisal-cum devel-
opment well, Begumganj-4 (west) appraisal-cum development well and 1 exploratory
well Jamalpur-1 have been prepared after analyzing relevant 2D and 3D seismic data and
information as well as the information collected from the previously drilled wells in the
surrounding areas. In line with the study, well locations for and Kailastila-8 exploratory
and Kailashtila-9 appraisal-cum development wells under SGFL have been confirmed
through field surveys. In order to meet the growing demand for gas in the country, explore
the presence of gas in the deeper zone of the existing gas field, well proposals have been
prepared for Srikail Deep-1 exploratory well and Mubarakpur Deep-1 exploratory well.

Two consultants have been appointed to ensure smooth implementation of the geological
and geophysical survey. In order to explore gases from dry, abandoned and suspended

17 RPGCL

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 20 | P a g e

wells, 2 EOI have been called from the eligible companies experienced in this regard. A
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between BAPEX and Gazprom EP In-
ternational to evaluate Bhola Island fields.

4.3.2 2D Seismic Survey

With a view to identifying locations of exploratory wells under the scope of a pro-
ject titled ‘2D Seismic Survey over Exploration Block 15 & 22’ financed by the gas devel-
opment fund (GDF) and its own fund, a total of 3,000 line kilometer of 2D seismic data
acquisition (1,000 line kilometer by BAPEX and 2,000 line kilometer by SINOPEC), pro-
cessing, interpretation, and resource estimation have been underway in 8 districts namely
Chattogram, Cumilla, Noakhali, Feni, Khagrachari, Rangamati, Bandarban and Cox’s Bazar.
The project duration is from July 2021 to June 30, 2024. In the 2022-23 fiscal year, 1106-
line kilometer data has been acquired with the expenditure of Tk. 70.75 crore taka. A total
of 3000-line kilometer data has already been acquired under the project. Data processing
and preliminary data interpretation have been completed.

With a view of identifying locations of exploratory wells under the scope of a pro-
ject titled ‘2D Seismic Survey over Exploration Block 6B South & 10’ financed by the gas
development fund (GDF) and its own fund to conduct a total of 3220 LKM 2D Seismic Sur-
vey over several districts of Dhaka, Barishal and Chittagong Division. The estimated cost
of the project is 15,195.00 lac taka including 8,496.00 lac foreign currency. Implementing
period of the project is 01 July, 2022 to 30 June, 2025. 2D Seismic Survey Data Acquisition,
Processing and Interpretation of 2352 LKM will be done by own crew of BAPEX and 868
LKM in Transition zone will be done be hiring foreign Seismic service crew. In the 2022-
2023 fiscal year, a total of 282.775 LKM 2D Seismic Data has been acquired at a cost of
700.00 lac taka. The Project has achieved its 100% RADP target with 20% physical pro-
gress of the whole project.

4.3.3 3D Seismic Survey

To ensure long-term energy security of the country, maximum gas production from
existing wells and to strengthen gas exploration and production activities from potential
undiscovered gas fields a project titled ‘3D Seismic Survey Over Zakiganj and Patharia

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 21 | P a g e

West Structure’ financed by the gas development fund (GDF) and its own fund, to acquire
a total of 580.00 Sq.Km. of 3D seismic data in Zakiganj gas field at Zakiganj Upazila of
Sylhet district and in Patharia west structure at Barlekha & Kulaura Upazila of Moulviba-
zar district.

Figure 13: Mud Logging Unit of BAPEX18

The project duration is from 1st March, 2022 to June 30, 2024. The project has just been
approved on 25th April, 2022.
[Source: Petrobangla Annual Report, 2022]

4.3.4 Drilling

Drilling of the Tabgi-1 well: Drilling of the Tabgi-1 well under the project “Drilling of
2Nos. Exploratory Wells (Tabgi-1 & Illisha-1) and 1No. Appraisal cum Development Well
(Bhola North-2)” started on June, 2022 and completed on November, 2022 by GAZPROM.
The well was drilled up to 3,524 meters. Perform DST & testing activities from this well
there is a possible to 19.5-20.0 MMscfd of gas are supply to the national grid.
Drilling of the Bhola North-2 well: Drilling of the Bhola North-2 well under the project
“Drilling of 2Nos. Exploratory Wells (Tabgi-1 & Illisha-1) and 1No. Appraisal cum Devel-
opment Well (Bhola North-2)” started on December, 2022 and completed up to 3,006 me-
ters within December by GAZPROM.
Shariatpur-1 Exploratory Well Drilling Project: The project has been undertaken with
a view to drilling 1 exploratory well in Naria Upazila of Shariatpur. The project has already

18 Source: Petrobangla Annual Report, 2022

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 22 | P a g e

been approved by the Energy and Mineral Resources Division. Drilling started on Novem-
ber 2022 and will be completed on March, 2023 with Bijoy-10 rig. The estimated cost of
the project is Tk. 959.00 million and the tenure is from 1 July, 2021 to June, 2023.

Srikail North-1A Exploratory Well Drilling Project: The project has been undertaken
with a view one exploratory (Srikail North-1A) and two appraisals cum development
(sundulpur-3 & begumgonj-4, west) drilling well. Drilling started June, 2022 & completed
on January, 2023 at Muradnagar Upazila of Cumilla district with Bijoy-12 rig. The project
has already been approved by the Energy and Mineral Resources Division. The estimated
cost of the project is Tk. 2,841.90 million and the tenure is from 1 March, 2022 to June,
2024.
[Source: Petrobangla Annual Report, 2022]

4.3.5 Workover

Kailastila-7: The workover activities started on February, 2022 with BAPEX’s (Bijoy-11)
rig and manpower without foreign consultants and the workover was successfully com-
pleted on May, 2022. About 10 MMscfd of gas is being supplied to the national grid from
this well at initial stage.
Bianibazar-1: The workover activities started on September, 2022 with BAPEX’s (Bijoy-
11) rig and manpower without foreign consultants and the workover was successfully
completed on November, 2022. At present, about 10 MMscfd of gas is being supplied to
the national grid from this well.
Semutang-5: The workover activities started on March, 2022 with BAPEX’s (XJ650T) rig
and manpower without foreign consultants and the workover was successfully completed
on July, 2022.
Saldanodi-2: The workover activities started on January, 2022 with BAPEX’s (ZJ50DBS)
rig and manpower which ended successfully on March, 2022. At present, about 03 MMscfd
of gas is being supplied to the national grid from this well.
Fenchuganj-3: After successfully completed the workover activities with BAPEX’s (Bijoy-
10) rig on March, 2022 rig down & rig dismantling job done. At present, about 9 MMscfd
gas is being supplied to the national grid from this well.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 23 | P a g e

Sylhet-8: The workover activities started on 31 October, 2021 with BAPEX’s (XJ650T) rig
and manpower under Sylhet Gas Fields Limited (SGFL) was completed on 5 January, 2022.
At initial stage about 5 MMscfd of gas is being supplied to the national grid from this well.19

4.3.6 Exploration of Unconventional form of energy

Exploration of different form of Unconventional energy like Coal Bed Methane
(CBM), Shale gas, Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is going on in search of alternate
energy.

Petrobangla has undertaken a project to assess the potentiality of coal bed me-
thane in Jamalganj coal deposit, the largest and deepest coal deposit in the country.

A Preliminary Study on Shale Gas Potentiality in Bangladesh has been prepared by

the Hydrocarbon Unit. Hydrocarbon Unit has prepared another report titled “Action Plan
and Guide lines for CBM, UCG and Hard Rock Development in Bangladesh”.

4.4 Oil (Petroleum) Sector

4.4.1 Organizational Structure

Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) under the Energy & Mineral Resources
Division of the government is the nodal organization in the petroleum sectors which
deals with import of crude oil and products, oil refining and marketing finished petro-
leum products. One refining company with lone crude oil refinery in Chittagong is en-
gaged in refining of crude oil while four oil marketing companies are responsible for mar-
keting of finished products across the country. Oil business used to be government mo-
nopoly until 1997 when one private company entered in fractionation of gas condensate
extracted from gas fields. Presently, gas condensates, are fractionated by small scale frac-
tionation plants of Petrobangla, BPC and private entrepreneurs. Besides, there two pet-
rochemical plants in the private sector that imported condensate as feed.

4.4.2 Supply and Consumption of Oil

Petroleum products viz. diesel, petrol, octane, furnace oil etc. account for about
24% commercial energy supply in the country. Liquid fuel used in Bangladesh is mostly

19 Petrobangla Annual Report, 2022

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 24 | P a g e

 imported. Bangladesh imports about 1.45 million metric tons of crude oil along with 5.3
million metric tons (approx.) of refined petroleum products in the last financial year.
About 0.38 million metric tons per year locally produced gas condensate, which is frac-
tionated mainly into petrol, diesel and kerosene, is the only domestic source of liquid fuel.
Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport followed by power, agriculture, industry and
commercial sectors. Sector-wise consumption of petroleum products is transport- 58%,
power 18%, agriculture 15%, industry 6%, domestic 1% and others 2% in the FY 2022-
23.
Table 6: Petroleum Sector at a Glance (2022-23)20

Product 2022-23 (in Metric Ton)

Import of refined oil 5,308,534.35
Import of furnace oil 3,346,587.56
Import of crude oil 1,453,337.33
Production of Condensate 383,102.43
Total Import & Production 10,491,561.67
Production of Naptha 101,861.14
Storage Capacity of BPC 1,358,000.00
Refining Capacity of ERL 1,570,000.00
LPG Production from ERL 14,246.00
LPG Production from Kailashtila Frac. Plant 748.00
LPG import (private) 1,278,859.50

Table 7: Sale of Petroleum Products by BPC during last 10 Year in MT, FY 2022-2321
Products 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Octane 117452 126114 147557 186911 230280 266988 262943 303917 395,602 393,557.00
Petrol 178674 166823 137360 232359 284668 318593 321940 378846 446,647 454,556.00
Diesel 3242554 3396061 3606404 4000044 4835712 4593486 4015633 4597585 4,850,700 4,935,483.00
Kerosene 289871 263029 213685 170993 138403 121497 106195 101783 86,117 77,487.00
Furnace 1202505 906771 711889 806440 925150 683725 362713 559032 571,586 880,702.00
Oil
Jet A-1 323327 338829 347323 376700 408272 429951 350605 237894 428,024 471,535.00
Others 130583 123796 91802 115283 125851 129982 68639 120673 136,334 132,775.00
Total 5484966 5321423 5256020 5888730 6948336 6544222 5488668 6299730 6,915,010 7,346,095.00

Diesel is the dominant liquid fuel used in the country. Petroleum products used during
last ten years are shown in the above table.

20 NBR, BPC, Petrobangla and HCU Data Bank

21 BPC Website and Annual Report 2022-23

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 25 | P a g e

 Sector wise Sale of Petroleum Product in MT, FY 2022-23
Domestic ,
Others,
71,228.00 , 1%
143,149.00 ,
2%

Agriculture,
Transport,
1,138,482.00 ,
4,250,880.00 ,
15%
58%

Power,
1,305,218.00 ,
18%

Industry,
432,563.00 , 6%

Figure 14: Sector wise Liquid Fuel Consumption in Bangladesh (2022-23)22

4.4.3 Petroleum Refinery:

Capacity of Refinery

Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL) installed in 1968 at Chittagong with the processing
capacity of 1.5 million tons annually.

Crude oil Processing units

The refinery was the first to start production with three main processing units.
These three processing units are-

Table 8: ERL Process plant scenario23

No. Description Annual Production

Capacity (Metric Ton)
1 Crude Distillation Unit 1.5 million
2 Catalytic Reforming Unit 70,0000
3 Hydrodesulphurization unit (this is later con- --
verted to a mild hydrocracking unit)

22 BPC and HCU Energy Data Center

23 ERL Website

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 26 | P a g e

A Project has taken for installation of 2nd unit of the existing refinery with annual refining
capacity of three (03) million tons. Besides the state initiative, government allowed pri-
vate entrepreneurs to establish Condensate Fractionation Plants to split Natural Gas Con-
densate (NGC) received from various gas fields in Bangladesh as well as imported NGC.
Total storage capacity of different grades of petroleum is around 1.3 million metric tons
across the country. It may be mentioned that, according to the national energy policy, 60
days’ stock of petroleum products to be maintained for energy security of the country.

Table 9: Historical Processing by ERL in MT, FY 2022-2324

Item 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

LPG 12,831.00 8,902.00 11,583.00 12,516.00 13,879.00

Naphtha 100,679.00 77,015.00 143,561.00 101,602.00 118,327.00
Octane 3,963.00 1,732.00 - - 247.00
Petrol 105,520.00 92,491.00 94,199.00 85,624.00 79,704.00
Diesel 640,940.00 451,789.00 731,088.00 638,129.00 672,746.00
Kerosene 95,196.00 83,157.00 72,956.00 56,018.00 53,682.00
MTT 3,150.00 360.00 - - -

Jet A-1 1,403.00 895.00 - 2,437.00 72.00

JBO 11,052.00 13,112.00 8,587.00 10,172.00 7,681.00

Furnace Oil 337,338.00 275,023.00 447,518.00 357,418.00 389,714.00

Bitumen 69,877.00 30,500.00 52,786.00 54,999.00 63,026.00

Gas+ Loss 23,973.00 18,307.00 38,654.00 23,216.00 35,224.00

Petroleum Productions from Public Refineries:

In the FY 2022-23, a total of 165.55 KT is refined from the public sector refineries.

24 Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 27 | P a g e

 Table 10: Petroleum Productions from Refineries (Public Sector) in MT, FY 2022-2325

Product Haripur Kailashtila Rashidpur Kailashtila, Bakharabad Titas 4000 BPD Total
Gas Gas Field, Gas Field, RPGCL Gas Field, Gas Condensate
Field, SGFL SGFL BGFCL Field, Fractiona-
SGFL BGFCL tion Plant,
SGFL
Octane - - 226.00 - - - 64,700.00 64,926.00
Petrol - - - - - - 68,666.00 68,666.00
Diesel - - 606.00 - - - 13,767.00 14,373.00
Kerosene - - 1,042.00 - - - 16,547.00 17,589.00
Condensate - - - - - - - -
Total - - 1,874.00 - - - 163,680.00 165,554.00

In the FY 2022-23, a total of 411.12 KT is refined from the private sector refineries.

Table 11: Petroleum Productions from Refineries (Private Sector) in MT, FY 2022-2326

Product Petromax Super Aqua Bashundhar Partex CVO Total

Refinery Petrochemi- Refinery a Refinery Petrochemi-
cal Refinery cal
Octane 52,452 77,929 34,735 - 29,278 - 194,394
Petrol 10,638 54,014 23,646 - 36,128 - 124,426
Diesel 9,030 28,431 6,525 9,840 20,838 - 74,664
Kero- 3,388 - - - - - 3,388
sene
MTT - 5,246 - - - - 5,246
Light MS - 234 - - - - 234
SBPS - 3,861 - - - 2,653 6,514
Jet A-1 - - - - 2,260 - 2,260
Total 75,508 169,715 64,906 9,840 88,504 2,653 411,126

Table 12: Naptha Production Scenario27

FY Crude Pro- Naptha Naptha Sales in MT Total

cessing, MT Production, Local International
MT
2018-19 1,358,159.00 100,679.00 71,888.00 36,513.00 108,401.00
2019-20 1,151,814.00 77,015.00 82,386.00 - 82,386.00
2020-21 1,506,099.00 143,561.00 129,842.46 18,795.27 148,637.73
2021-22 1,466,177.00 101,602.00 101,194.59 - 101,194.59
2022-23 1,550,897.00 118,327.00 108,839.00 - 108,839.00
However, at present BPC is able to maintain 35 to 40 days’ stock of petroleum products
due to lack of storage capacity as well as involvement of huge amount money for procuring

25 Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC)

26 Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC)
27 Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC)

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 28 | P a g e

petroleum. BPC has completed a project for construction of Mongla Oil Installation as
2nd main installation to enhance 0.10 million metric tons with 14 oil storage tanks.

Single Point Mooring (SPM) project is now in commissioning stage which will
enable BPC to receive Crude Oil and Diesel from
large size vessels of 120,000 metric tons carry-
ing capacity through subsea pipeline, from near
Kutubdia of the Bay of Bengal, within 48 hours
instead of present required time of 9/10 days.

Figure 15: Single Point Mooring (SPM) with Double Pipeline

Construction of Storage facility 0.24 million metric tons, for crude oil 0.15 million metric
tons and for diesel 0.09 million tons, at Maheshkhali under SPM Project is going to be a
new dimension to ensure energy security in the petroleum sector of Bangladesh. Opera-
tional flexibility will improve amazingly after completion of the SPM project.

Upcoming major projects of BPC:

 Installation of Custody Transfer Flow Meter at ERL Tank firm.

 Terminal Automation of marketing companies of BPC.
 Establishment of LPG terminal by BPC in Maheshkhali-Matarbari area of
Cox's Bazar district.

Demand for Petroleum Products

Demand for petroleum products is growing at the rate of 2 to 4% per year. If this
trend continues demand for oil will increase to about 15 million tons by the year 2030.
Government of Bangladesh has decided to make road connectivity with the neighboring
countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan etc. Transport movement will increase remarkably in
Bangladesh territory to avail port facilities Chittagong and Mongla ports by our neigh-
bors. However, future demand will depend upon the future energy mix in the country and
availability of other fuels.

Source Countries for Imported Oils

Bangladesh mainly imports oil from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.
These are imported on a year-to-year basis with the respective companies of relevant

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 29 | P a g e

 countries. Basically, the price has to be paid based on the price of the day of the world
market on which the oil will be shipped. ADNOC of UAE and Saudi Aramco of Saudi Arabia
are suppliers for crude that BPC imports while finished products are imported from 13
National Oil Companies (NOC) of different countries. A project is in active consideration
by the government to import diesel, produced in Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) in
Assam, from its marketing terminal at Shiliguri through pipeline to Parbatipur depot at
Dinajpur district of Bangladesh.

4.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Demand of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in Bangladesh is very high. In the public
sector 15,215 MT is produced during 2022-23 FY whereas 1,278,859 MT is imported thru
private entity. Therefore, public and private sector combining do the marketing of 1.29
million MT of LPG in 2022-23, which is meeting a certain portion of LPG demand of the
country.

Table 13: LPG scenario of last 5 year28

Year Public Sector Import (Private), MT Total, MT

Production, MT
2016-17 16,382.00 307,000.00 323,382.00
2017-18 15,936.00 537,686.00 553,622.00
2018-19 19,228.00 681,036.00 700,264.00
2019-20 13,414.00 835,027.00 848,441.00
2020-21 13,461.00 1,427,826.00 1,441,287.00
2021-22 12,361.00 1,531,230.80 1,543,591.80
2022-23 15,215.00 1,278,859.50 1,294,074.50

Considering the rising demand for LPG, government has decided to enhance LPG bottling
facilities for marketing more imported LPG. For this purpose, two LPG bottling plants,
each having capacity of 100 thousand MT per annum, will be set up in the coastal area.

Table 14: LPG Summary, FY 2022-23 (MT)

LPG Production in Patenga (ERL/LPGL) 14,246.00
LPG Production from Kailashtila Frac. Plant 748.00
Previous Stock 221.00
LPG import (private) 1,278,859.50
Total 1,294,074.50

28 HCU Data Bank

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 30 | P a g e

 LPG Historical Scenario, FY 2022-23, in MT

2022-23 15,215.00 1,278,859.50

2021-22 12,361.00 1,531,230.80
2020-21 13,461.00 1,427,826.00
2019-20 13,414.00 835,027.00
2018-19 19,228.00 681,036.00
2017-18 15,936.00 537,686.00
2016-17 16,382.00 307,000.00

- 500,000.00 1,000,000.00 1,500,000.00 2,000,000.00

Import (Private), MT Public Sector Production, MT

Figure 16: LPG Scenario in Last 5 years in Bangladesh

Of them, one plant will be installed by Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC) and the
other in public private partnership with BPC.

4.6 Coal

Energy is the main indicator of economic growth for a country and constitutes one
of the vital infrastructural inputs in socio-economic development. At present, natural gas
is the main indigenous primary energy source of Bangladesh. Several studies reveal that
domestic production of natural gas will be depleting soon in the near future. Considering
the uncertainty of sustainable supply of primary energy, it is imperative to diversify the
primary energy sources in the country. In that case, domestic coal can be a major alterna-
tive energy source for the energy security of the country. At present 6.24% of electricity
has been produced from domestic and imported coal.

5 coal fields so far discovered, namely Barapukuria, Khalaspir, Phulbari, Jamalganj

and Dighipara. If initiatives are taken for exploration all over the country, there are
enough possibilities to discover more coal mines. Out of the discovered mines, coal from
4 deposits (118-509 meters) is extractable at present. Production from Jamalganj may not
be viable with present day’s technology due to the depth of the deposits.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 31 | P a g e

 Table 15: Coal Fields of Bangladesh

Place/Field Depth Reserve Calorific Value

(Discovery Year) (Meter) (Million Ton) (BTU/lb.)

Barapukuria, Dinajpur (1985) 119-506 410 11,040

Khalaspir, Rangpur (1995) 257-483 685 12,700

Phulbari, Dinajpur (1997) 150-240 572 11,900

Jamalganj, Jaipurhat (1965) 900-1000 5,450 11,000

Dighipara, Dinajpur (1995) 327 706 13,090

Total = 7,823

Coal might be the alternative fuel to natural gas. These coals can conveniently meet
the energy needs of Bangladesh for 50 years. It is notable that the coal of Bangladesh is
considered to be high quality in terms of its high level of heat generation capacity as well
as low Sulphur content.

Historical Coal Scenario, FY 2022-23

8,000,000.00
7,102,544.24
6,828,032.00 6,751,000.00
7,000,000.00
6,140,305.60
6,000,000.00 5,754,025.00
2,801,407.00

5,000,000.00

4,000,000.00 3,394,534.24
1,160,657.81

923,276.00

808,358.00
803,315.00

767,307.80
753,973.00

3,000,000.00
488,724.19

2,000,000.00

1,000,000.00

-
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Public Sector Production Import (Private)

Figure 17: Coal scenario of last 5 year29

Commercial coal production started from September 2005 with a capacity of 1 mil-
lion metric tons per annum and currently the production rate is 2500-3000 metric tons
per day. Till December 2022, total 13.47 million metric tons of Coal has been produced

29 HCU Data Bank

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 32 | P a g e

from the commencement of commercial production. About 0.77 million metric tons of
coal has been produced in the year 2022 from Barapukuria mine. Presently entire
amount of produced coal is being supplied to Barapukuria 525 MW coal fired thermal
power plant. A contract has been signed between BCMCL and XMC-CMC consortium in
30 December 2021 to extract 4.5 million metric tons of coal within a period of next 6
years.

A total of 767,307.80 MT of coal has been extracted in the FY 2022-23 and

7,102,544.24 MT has been imported. As a result, about 7.87 million MT coal has been
consumed in this FY.

4.7 Peat

The peat deposits of Bangladesh are located in the low-lying areas of the alluvial
plain which are generally submerged under water for a large period each year. Peat oc-
curs in Baghia-Chanda beel under Madaripur and Gopalganj district, Kola Mouza of
Khulna district, Chatal beel area of Moulavibazar district, Pagla, Dirai and Shalla area of
Sunamganj district, Chorkai area of Sylhet district, Brahmanbaria Sadar upazila of Brah-
manbaria district and Mukundapur area of Habiganj district. It has a carbon content of
50-60% and has a calorific value between 5500 Btu/lb. and 7000 Btu/lb. The peat occurs
at the surface or at shallow depths below the surface. The total peat reserve (dry peat)
discovered in Bangladesh is 146.36 million tons. There is no commercial utilization of
peat in Bangladesh at present. Peat can be conveniently used in the form of briquette,
ovoid and compressed tablets as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime
industries and in small capacity thermal power plant (10 MW) in rural areas. Three ex-
ploration licenses of peat is granted in Rajoir Upazila of Madaripur and Kotalipara
Upazila of Gopalganj district.

4.8 Condensate and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)

Some of the gas fields located in the north-eastern part of Bangladesh contain high con-
centrations of liquid hydrocarbons or condensate. This condensate has been processed
in refineries and turned into petrol, diesel and kerosene since the beginning. In FY 2022-
23, a total of 2,738,229.25 barrels of condensate has been produced as gas byproducts
from the gas fields operating under national gas production companies and production
sharing contracts (PSCs).

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 33 | P a g e

 In FY 2021-22, a total of 25,62,721 barrels of condensate has been produced and
3,057 barrels of condensate have been sold directly to Bangladesh Petroleum Corpora-
tion and private companies. The rest of the condensate and the whole amount of NGL
produced are processed in plants owned by companies operating under Petrobangla and
in this way 13,71,167 barrels of petrol, 1,26,022 barrels of diesel, 1,30,548 barrels of ker-
osene and 774.1 metric tons of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) have been produced in FY
2021-22. These products are sold to various companies operating under the Bangladesh
Petroleum Corporation.

In 2018, a fractionation plant of 4,000-barrel capacity was established in Ra-

shidpur by SGFL to process the condensate produced. Moreover, in 2021 a catalytic re-
forming unit (CRU) with 3,000 barrels of capacity has been established by SGFL.30

30 Annual Report Petrobangla, 2022

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 34 | P a g e

 Chapter 5

Power Generation

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 35 | P a g e

5.1 Primary Energy Mix for Power Generation
Maximum generation actually obtained till 30 June 2023 was 15,648 MW. It might
have occurred due to fuel supply constraint. Of the total generation capacity among pub-
lic sector, private sector, joint venture and import are 42%, 40%, 7% and 11% respec-
tively.

Bangladesh has started importing 500MW electricity from India (started in Octo-
ber 2013) additional 100 MW from March’16, 560 MW from December 2018, and rest is
imported from Adani Power cumulatively 2656 MW which is contributing 11% of total
power generation.

5.2 Power Sector at a Glance

Table 16: Bangladesh’s Power Sector: At a Glance (2022-23)31

Types Amount

Number of Power Plants 152

Installed Capacity (MW) 28,134
Maximum Generation (MW) 15,648
Total Consumers (in Millions) 45.30
Transmission Lines (km) 13,889
Distribution Lines (km) 643,000
Grid Substation Capacity (MVA) 61,525
Per Capita Generation (including Captive) 602 Kwh
Access to Electricity (Including Off-Grid Renewable) 100%
Overall System Loss (%) 10.33

As of June 2023, the total installed power generation capacity on-grid and off-grid
is 28,134 MW. On-grid installed power generation capacity is 24,911 MW.

31 Power Division Annual Report 2022-23

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 36 | P a g e

5.3 Power Generation Capacity

Total Installed Capacity 28,134 MW in FY 2022-23

Offgrid
(Captive),
2,800.00

Grid, 24,911.00
Fossil Fuel, 5.00

Offgrid
(Renewable),
418.00

Figure 18: Total Installed Capacity 28,134 MW (2022-23)32

Gridwise Total Installed Capacity 24,911 MW (2022-23 )

Joint Venture, Import, 2,656.00 ,
1,861.00 , 7% 11%

Private, 9,915.00 Public , 10,479.00

, 40% , 42%

Figure 19: Grid wise Total Installed Capacity 24,911 MW (FY 2022-23)

As of June 2023, grid wise total installed capacity is 24,911 MW which is presented in the
above figure.

32 Power Division Annual Report 2022-23

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 37 | P a g e

 Power Generation (24911 MW) -Grid Capacity by Fuel Type, FY 2022-23

Hydro, 230.00 , 1%

Natural Gas,
11,372.00 , 45%
Coal, 2,692.00 ,
11%

Import, 2,656.00 ,
11%

Diesel, 1,010.00 ,
4%
Renewable Energy,
459.00 , 2%
Furnace Oil,
6,492.00 , 26%

Figure 20: Power Generation by Fuel Type33

As of June 2023, grid wise (on grid 24,911 MW) total power generation by fuel type is
highlighted in the above figure. In this figure, it is obvious that power generation by indig-
enous natural gas plays the major share (45%).

Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW, FY 2022-23

Solar, 459.00 , Electricity
Import, Gas Turbine,
2%
2,656.00 , 11% 1,438.00 , 6%
Hydropower,
230.00 , 1%

Reciprocating
Engine,
Combined 8,023.00 , 32%
Cycle, 8,363.00
, 33%

Steam Turbine,
3,742.00 , 15%

Figure 21: Power Production Capacity (Technology wise) in MW 2022-23

As of June 2023, grid wise (on grid 24,911 MW) total power generation by technology wise

33 Power Division Annual Report 2022-23

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 38 | P a g e

is highlighted in the above figure. In this figure, it is clear that combined cycle power plant
holds the major share in generation by indigenous natural gas plays the major share
(33%). The rest is reciprocating engine, steam turbine, gas turbine etc. respectively.

5.4 Net Power Generation

Historical Net Electricity Generation (GWh), FY 2022-23

88,450.00
85,607.00
80,423.00
100,000.00

71,419.00
70,533.00
90,000.00

62,678.00
80,000.00

57,276.00
52,193.00
70,000.00

45,836.00
60,000.00 42,195.00
38,229.00
35,118.00
31,355.00

50,000.00
29,247.00
26,533.00
24,946.00
23,268.00
22,978.00

40,000.00

30,000.00

20,000.00

10,000.00

Figure 22: Historical Net Electricity Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh34

5.5 Power Generation by Fuel Type

In the FY 2022-23, Net Electricity Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh is 88,450 GWh repre-
sented in the above figure.

34 Power Division Annual Report 2022-23

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 39 | P a g e

 Total Power Generation 88,450 MkWh in FY 2022-23
Hydro, 610 , 1% Coal, 10,081 ,
11%
Import,
10,425 , 12%
Natural Gas,
Diesel, 2,327 ,
46,013 , 52%
2%
Furnace Oil,
18,323 , 21%

Renewable
Energy, 671 , 1%

Figure 23: Power Generation by Fuel Type (2022-23)35

Of the total electricity generated in 2022-23, 52% is generated from indigenous natural
gas, 21% from furnace oil, 11% from coal, 12% from import and rest is from Diesel, hydro
and renewable energy.

5.6 Power Consumption

Sector wise Power Consumption Pattern, FY 2022-23

Others, 4,427 , 5%
Commercial,
8,795 , 11%

Domestic,
Industrial, 21,901 , 44,148 , 56%
28%

Figure 24: Sector wise Power consumption Pattern (2022-23)36

From the above figure, it is clear that major power consumer is the domestic sector (56%).
Industrial sector, commercial sector and others are consuming 28%, 11% and 5% respec-
tively.

35 Power Division Annual Report 2022-23

36 Power Division Annual Report 2022-23

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 40 | P a g e

5.7 Power Import

Bangladesh has entered into the era of cross border energy trade in October 2013
by importing electricity from India. Additional 160 MW from March 2016 from Tripura.
From 2023, 1496 MW (Capacity 1600 MW) is imported from Adani power (Jharkhand,
India).

Figure 25: Bangladesh India Power Transmission Plant, Bheramara (Kustia)

Table 17: Electricity Import Scenario37

Import Location Imported Electricity

Amount (MW)
Bheramara, Kustia 1000
(from Baharampur, India)
Cumilla 160
(From Tripura)
Adani Power 1,496
(Capacity 1600 MW)
Total Power Import from India 2,656

37 Source: Power Division

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 41 | P a g e

 Chapter 6

Renewable Energy Resources

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 42 | P a g e

6.1 Renewable Energy
Renewable energy resources could assist in the energy security of Bangladesh and
could help reduce the natural gas demand. Regions of the country without supply or ac-
cess to natural gas or the electric grid use biomass for cooking and solar power and wind
for drying different grains and clothes. Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy
resource in use due to its extensive noncommercial use, mainly for cooking and heating.
Biomass comprises 27 percent of the total primary energy use in Bangladesh. The coun-
try has a huge potential for generating solar power. Moreover, the use of renewable en-
ergy has become popular worldwide in view of the depleting reserves of non-renewable
fossil fuels. Renewable energy is environmentally friendly.

Renewable energy resources used in Bangladesh may be classified into three major
types- (i) traditional biomass fuels, (ii) conventional hydropower, (iii) new-renewable
resources (e.g., solar PV, wind, biogas etc.) of energy.

6.1.1 Traditional Biomass fuels

In Bangladesh, three major types of biomass fuel resources are in use: wood fuels,
agricultural residues and animal dung. Wood fuels are obtained from different types of
forests and tree resources grown in rural areas. Agricultural residues and animal dung
contribute a substantial portion of biomass fuel in Bangladesh. A part of the total agricul-
tural residues available during harvesting of crops and a part of total animal dung pro-
duced by animal resources are used as fuel. Availability of these resources (agricultural
residues, animal dung) as fuel depends on local situation and socio-economic condition
of the owners.

Figure 26: Conventional Biomass plant and ILRRC (Jashore) Operation

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 43 | P a g e

 Converting biomass into more energy efficient fuel is a means of upgrading the ru-
ral energy consumption pattern. Biogas is very suitable for cooking and lighting (Man-
tel/Hazak) and for running a small generator to produce electricity. Throughout Bangla-
desh, there are currently about 80,000 households and village-level biogas plants in
place. Around 50,000 domestic biogas plants already installed by IDCOL. There is a real
potential for harnessing basic biogas technology through rural electrification, village-
level biogas production, and internal combustion (or even micro turbine) power genera-
tion.

Biomass Potential of Bangladesh 2012-13

Livestock Residues Forest Residues
456.41 PJ 210.64 PJ
34% 16%
MSW 95.61 PJ
7%

Agriculture
Residues 582.33 PJ
43%

Figure 27: Biomass Potential of Bangladesh (2012 –13)

The power generation of the country largely depends on the non-renewable (fossil
fuel) energy sources, mainly on the natural gas. This trend causes rapid depletion of non-
renewable energy sources. Thus, it is necessary to trim down the dependency on non-
renewable energy sources and utilize the available renewable resources to meet the huge
energy demand facing the country. Most of the people living in rural, remote, coastal and
isolated areas in Bangladesh have no electricity access yet. However, renewable energy
resources, especially biomass can play a pivotal role to electrify those rural, remote,
coastal and isolated areas in the country.

Humankind has been using biomass as an energy source for thousands of years. In
a study (Paul & Others) assesses the bio-energy potential, utilization and related Renew-
able Energy Technologies (RETs) practice in Bangladesh. Improved cooking stove, biogas

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 44 | P a g e

plant and biomass briquetting are the major RETs commonly practiced in Bangladesh.
The assessment includes the potential of agricultural residue, forest residue, animal ma-
nure and municipal solid waste. The estimated total amount of biomass resource availa-
ble for energy in Bangladesh in 2012–2013 is 90.21 million tons with the annual energy
potential of 45.91 million tons of coal equivalent. The recoverable amount of biomass
(90.21 million tons) in 2012–2013 has an energy potential of 1344.99 PJ which is equiv-
alent to 373.71 TWh of electricity.

6.1.2 Conventional Hydropower

Total hydropower potential of the country was reported as 1500 MkWh/year at

Kaptai (1000MkWh/year). Matamuhury (300MkWh/year) and Sangu (200MkWh/year)
(GOB 1996). In 2018-19, total generation capacity of 5 hydropower units installed at
Kaptai was 230MW and electricity generated was 8934 MkWh. Depending upon rainfall,
yearly electricity generation capacity of hydro plants varies between 700 MkWh to 1000
MkWh.

It was reported that a feasibility study was undertaken in 1998 to establish addi-
tional hydropower units (Nos. 6 & 7) at Kaptai with generation capacity of 100MW. There
is potential to install hydropower plant at the Sangu and the Matamuhury rivers in the
Chittagong Hill Tracts and possibility of constructing a second dam, six kilometers down-
stream of existing Kaptai dam to generate hydropower. Though in Chittagong Hill Tracts
local population are already conscious about the negative impacts of existing hydro-
power plants at Kaptai proper rehabilitation programed should be under taken. Consid-
ering the energy scarcity of the country, the feasibility of harnessing additional electricity
through conventional hydropower technologies and mini & micro hydropower technol-
ogies should be explored to meet a part of future energy needs.

6.1.3 New-Renewable Energy Resources

It was mentioned in the Renewable Energy Policy 2008 that 5% and 10% of total
electricity would be generated using renewable energy by 2015 and 2020 respectively
(GOB 2008). SREDA Act 2012 was enacted for the establishment of Sustainable & Renew-
able Energy Development Authority (SREDA) for promotion of efficient energy and re-

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 45 | P a g e

newable energy technology. The authority (SREDA) is in the process of institutionaliza-
tion. Total generation of electricity from renewable energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, hy-
dro, biomass, biogas etc.) up to 2022 was 957.674 MW.

In line with the policy, government has already taken different initiatives in renew-
able energy development, in which some projects/programs have been completed and
some are under implementation.

 Solar Energy

Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable position (within 20034′ to

26038′ north latitude) for harnessing sunlight, available abundantly for most of the year
except for the three months June-August when it rains excessively. The amount of Solar
Energy available in Bangladesh is high about 4 to 7 kWh/m2/day, enough to meet the
demand of the country. There is a fast-growing acceptance of rural people to solar pho-
tovoltaic (PV) systems to provide electricity to households and small businesses in rural
off grid areas.

The country's largest solar power plant at Mymensingh has been connected to the
national grid. The plant has the capacity to generate 73 MW of electricity, which will help
meet the government’s target of generating 10% of the country’s total electricity through
using renewable energy by 2021.

Figure 28: Bangladesh’s Largest (73 MW) Solar Power Plant, Mymensingh

With a 173K solar panel and 332 inverters, the solar power plant was fully installed with
Huawei Smart photovoltaic (PV) solution to connect to the national grid.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 46 | P a g e

 The Rural Electrification Board (REB), a government agency has been engaged in
commercializing solar power electrification of domestic, commercial, irrigation in rural
area. IDCOL, a government-owned entity has disseminated some SHS through its part-
ners NGOs. Due to higher cost of its production, it has to go a long way to become com-
mercially competitive. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh, it is gradually becoming
popular and government has undertaken a lot of schemes to subsidize on it. Government
has planned to setup solar panel with capacity of 5~10 MW.

 Solar Home System (SHS)

Solar Home System (SHS) provides reliable power for lighting and operating low
powered appliances such as radio, television, small electric fans. The electricity provided
by a SHS can also be used to run Direct Current (DC) driven equipment such as DC shoul-
dering irons, drilling machines etc. and to charge the battery of mobile phones. Larger
systems can run computers, refrigerators, pumps etc. IDCOL and BREB are distributing
Solar Home System (SHS) to the people living in the off-grid areas. IDCOL through differ-
ent partner organization has already distributed about 60 lakhs (installed capacity 250
MW) SHS and BREB distributed about 30 thousand SHS throughout the country.

 Solar Irrigation System

Solar powered irrigation is the breakthrough technology for energy stricken agro-
based economy. Solar powered irrigation is the innovative and environment friendly so-
lution for the irrigation system, which currently depends on hugely inefficient electric
and diesel pumps.

Figure 29: Solar Pump System in Rangpur District

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 47 | P a g e

 Gradually replacing the electric and diesel pumps for irrigation with solar water
pumps could save significant capacity of electricity and huge investment cost. Up to
June’21, a 2,125 nos. solar irrigation pump has been installed resulting 44 MW capacity.

 Bio fuel

Bio fuels can be produced from a variety of plants like rapeseed, mustard, corn,
sunflower, canola algae, soybean, pulses, sugarcane, wheat, maize, and palm. The most
popular option for producing bio-fuels is from non-edible oilseed bearing trees. The two
most suitable species are:

Jamal gota (Jatropha curcas) and Verenda (Ricinus Communis). Both of these trees
can grow virtually anywhere in any soil and geo- climatic condition.

Bio-fuel use is not new in Bangladesh. In the early 20th century, bio-fuel was used
for lighting lamps or lanterns. In an agriculturally based country like Bangladesh, bio-fuel
can be a better alternative because a 30 percent blend of bio-fuel can be used along with
our diesel or petrol. This can also be an excellent fuel to kindle lamps in rural Bangladesh.

The use of bio-fuel is increasing in most European countries. Germany has thou-
sands of filling stations supplying bio-fuel and it is cheaper than petrol or diesel. The Ger-
man government declared that 5 percent of every liter of fuel must be bio-fuel by 2020.

 Wind Energy

Bangladesh is exploring the potential of wind power. In the coastal area of Bangla-
desh, windmills with a capacity of 2.9 MW are in operation. Bangladesh has had to wait
for a breakthrough in wind power technology to be competitive against other conven-
tional commercial energy sources. A pilot project to install windmills along the seashore
with a capacity of 20 MW has been planned by the government.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 48 | P a g e

 Figure 30: Windmill in Kutubdia, Cox’s bazar

Based on the results of the pilot project, another 200 MW of power could be har-
nessed from wind power. Rising fossil fuel and CO2 prices, technological advances and
economies of scale with wider deployment are expected to make renewable-based sys-
tems increasingly cost-competitive in coming decades (IEA 2011).

 Tidal Energy

The tides at Chittagong, south east of Bangladesh are predominantly semidiurnal

with a large variation in range corresponding to the seasons, the maximum occurring
during the south-west monsoon. A strong diurnal influence on the tides results in the day
time tides being smaller than the night time.

In the year 1984, an attempt was made from the EEE department of BUET, Dhaka
to access the possibility of tidal energy in the coastal region of Bangladesh, especially at
Cox’s Bazar and at the islands of Maheshkhali and Kutubdia. The average tidal range was
found to be within 4-5 meter and the amplitude of the spring tide exceeds even 6 meter.
From different calculation it is anticipated that there are a number of suitable sites at
Cox’s Bazar, Maheshkhali, Kutubdia and other places, where a permanent basin with
pumping arrangements might be constructed which would be a double operation
scheme. Tidal energy might be a good alternative source for Kutubdia Island where about
500 kw power could be obtained. At present there are only 2x73kVA diesel generator
sets to supply electricity for 5-6 hours/day for 72,000 people and there is practically no
possibility of main grid supply in the future.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 49 | P a g e

  Wave Energy

Until to now no attempt has been made by Government of Bangladesh to assess the
prospects for harnessing energy from sea waves in the Bay of Bengal. Wave power could
be a significant alternative source of energy in Bangladesh with favorable wave condi-
tions especially during the period beginning from late March to early October. Waves are
generally prominent and show a distinct relation with the wind. Waves generated in the
Bay of Bengal and a result of the south-western wind is significant. Wave heights have
been recorded by a wave rider buoy and correlated with wind data. Maximum wave
heights of over 2 m, with an absolute maximum of 2.4 m, on the 29 July were recorded.
The wave period varies between 3 to 4 sec for waves of about 0.5 m, and about 6 sec. for
waves of 2 m.

In Bangladesh wind speeds of up to 650 kmph (400mph), 221 kmph (138 mph)
and 416 kmph (260 mph) have been recorded in the years 1969, 1970 and 1989 respec-
tively. Severe cyclonic storms and storm surge of up to 15 m have been reported. Plant
must also be able to survive the exceptional occurrence of very high waves in storm con-
ditions.

 River Current

A network of rivers, canals, streams etc. numbering about 230 with a total length
of 24140 km covers the whole of Bangladesh flowing down to the Bay of Bengal. Different
sizes of boats are the main carriers of people and goods for one place to another. Boatmen
usually use the water-sails to run their boasts against the wind direction. But until now
no research has been reported to utilize the energy of river current properly.

 Waste to Electrical Energy

Dhaka City has been suffering for a long time from a tremendous environmental
pollution caused by municipal solid waste, medical waste and various industrial wastes.
In order to save the city from environmental pollution the waste management as well as
electricity generation from the solid wastes program is being taken by the Government.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 50 | P a g e

  Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is characterized by very large up-front investments, technical com-

plexity, and significant technical, market and regulatory risks, but have very low operat-
ing costs and can deliver large amount of based load electricity while producing almost
no CO2 emissions. Typical construction times are between five and eight years from first
concrete poured. Government of Bangladesh has signed a general contract with Russia
on December 25, 2015 for the construction and commissioning of the country’s first nu-
clear power plant (2*1200 MW) at Rooppur in Pabna at the cost of $12.65 billion.

Table 18: Planned Nuclear Power Reactors

Construction Commercial
Unit Type Capacity
starts Operation

VVER-
Rooppur 1 1200 MW Oct 2017 2023 or 2024
1200/V-523

VVER-
Rooppur 2 1200 MW 2018 2024 or 2025
1200/V-523

All fuel for Rooppur is being provided by Rosatom, and all used fuel is to be repat-
riated to Russia, in line with standard Russian practice for such countries. A draft agree-
ment on used fuel was signed in March 2017, totaling about 22.5 ton/yr. from each reac-
tor (42 fuel assemblies, each with 534 kg of fuel). A further agreement for repatriation of
used fuel for reprocessing was signed in August 2017.

The Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC) has taken an initiative to con-
duct a survey in eight char areas of southern region to select one or two suitable sites to
set up the country's second nuclear power plant, aiming to meet the future demand of
huge electricity. The study will cover a demographic survey over a 5-km diameter, seis-
mic stability, geological location, and power infrastructure and communication system.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 51 | P a g e

 Chapter 7

Energy targets and projections towards Energy transition

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 52 | P a g e

Bangladesh has formulated long-term energy plans such as Power System Master Plan
2016 (PSMP2016), Revisiting Power System Master Plan 2016 (Revisiting PSMP2016),
Energy Efficiency and Conservation Master Plan 2016 (EECMP2016). These plans mainly
focus on power sector. But there is no substantial actionable roadmap/plan/ integrated
policy on energy sector. It is very obvious to prepare an integrated master plan on energy
sector to address energy transition considering declining growth of indigenous resources,
international fuel market’s price volatility, sudden global energy crisis due to post COVID
pandemic, war between Russia vs. Ukraine and low carbon pathway etc.

7.1 Energy transitions and projections: Rationale of IEPMP

To focus on energy sector, an integrated plan was necessary and in this context,
Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP) has been formulated in 2023. To imple-
ment the roadmap of IEPMP, EMRD is working to formulate the operational roadmap with
all the stakeholders. The main step of this operational roadmap is to understand the de-
mand/supply forecast.

So, the forecasts and projections of different types of energies together are going to be
discussed in the following.

7.2 Main Features of IEPMP

7.2.1 Case Setting on Technical Progress

An econometric model is developed for projection of energy demand outlook. En-

ergy demand functions are estimated by sector applying regression analysis in relation to
GDP, energy prices and other relevant factors based on the historical data; the IEA statis-
tics is mainly used on energy.
Three cases are examined for the GDP projection, which are:

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 53 | P a g e

 a. PP2041 Case; based on the projections of the Perspective Plan 2041, which
seeks for an optimistic economic growth to achieve a high-income country
status by 2041 accelerating development.
b. IMF Extension Case; based on the projections of the IMF World Economic
Outlook, which envisages a relatively moderate growth.
c. In-between Case: a projection in-between the above two cases, which may
represent a view to achieve a steady development.

This Master plan adopts the PP 2041 GDP case, the basis for the present national develop-
ment plan, as the main scenario and an exercise case is run on the In-Between GDP case.

7.2.2 Scenario Setting on Technical Progress

On evolution of energy related technologies and policies that will guide the direc-
tion and indicate the goal to be pursued in this Master Plan, three scenarios are considered
as below:
a. Reference Scenario (REF): a so-called business as usual case where en-
ergy consumption will follow the past trends. Technology development
and improvement in quality of life will progress likewise as observed in
the past.
b. Advanced Technology Scenario (ATS): on top of REF, utmost efforts will
be made to keep energy-based emissions of GHGs as low as possible,
while assuring adequate and stable supply, introducing energy conser-
vation measures and adopting cleaner energy options that are afforda-
ble and practicable.
c. Net-zero Scenario (NZS): Under the NZS, Bangladesh is assumed to
achieve net-zero emissions of energy-based GHGs by 2050 applying
every possible option and, if insufficient, harnessing energy consump-
tion.

The energy demand/supply forecast is run on the Advanced Technology Scenario (ATS)
with two GDP projections of PP2041 case and In-Between Case.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 54 | P a g e

7.2.3 Comparison of Three Scenario

Preliminary evaluation was made on the three scenarios in terms of their appro-
priateness and practicability applying two indices, namely, energy efficiency index and
decarbonization index.
350 3.00
Energy Efficiency Index Decarbonization Index
toe/million USD (2010 price)

t-CO2/toe
300
(TPES/GDP) (CO2/TPES) 2.48
2.50
278
250
2.00
2.04
200
1.80
210
1.50
150

1.00 1.14
100 76

50 66 0.50
47
0.07
0
0.00
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
REF PP2041 ATS PP2041 NZS PP2041
REF PP2041 ATS PP2041 NZS PP2041

Figure 31: Comparison of Three Scenario of IEPMP

The energy demand/supply forecast is run on the Advanced Technology Scenario (ATS)
with two GDP projections of PP2041 case and In-Between Case.

7.3 Primary Energy Supply Forecasting

Total primary energy supply (TPES) is a sum of the final energy consumption ex-
cluding electricity, a secondary energy, and the fuel input in power sector. In the PP2041
case, TPES will expand by about four-fold to 169 million tons’ oil equivalent (Mtoe) in
2050 from 44 Mtoe in 2019. The size of TPES in 2050 is close to that of the United Kingdom
in 2019. In the
ATS In-between,
TPES will ex-
pand by about
three-fold to
138 Mtoe in
2050, which is
close to that of
Thailand in 2019.

Figure 32: Primary Energy Supply38

38 Primary Energy Supply, Executive Summary 14, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 55 | P a g e

 Traditional biomass consumption, mainly firewood, is being replaced with modern
fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas. This trend continues and traditional biomass
consumption will almost disappear by 2050. On the other hand, clean energies such as
solar PV, wind, CCS, nuclear, ammonia and hydrogen will be introduced. These clean en-
ergies will exceed 20% of the TPES by 2041 and reach almost 30% in 2050.

7.4 Primary Energy Supply Forecasting- HCU Version

0.53,
TPES 2022 0.17, 0%
0, 0%
1% 0, 0%
(57.2 Mtoe) 0, 0% 0, 0% 0, 0%
0.86, 2%
Biomass
Coal
14.3, 25% Oil
Natural Gas
25.1, 44%
4.19, 7% Power Import
Nuclear
Natural Gas - CCS
12.05, 21%
Hydro
Solar PV

Total Primary Energy Supply of Bangladesh (TPES) in 2022 is 57.2 Mtoe.

For Reference case- PP2041 and Advanced Technology Scenario, TPES of Bangla-
desh in 2030, 2041 and 2050 is 74.4 Mtoe, 118.4 Mtoe and 168.9 Mtoe respectively.

TPES 2030 0.1, 0% 0.7,

1%
0.1, 0% 0.2, 0%
0, 0%
(74.4 Mtoe) 4.4, 6%
0, 0%
6.2, 8%
1.7, 2% Reference case: PP2041
Biomass Scenario: ATS (Ad-
vanced Technology Sce-
Coal
13.2, 18% nario)
Oil
30.1, 41% Natural Gas
17.6, 24%
Power Import
Nuclear

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 Natural Gas - CCS 56 | P a g e

 TPES 2041 1.3,
1%
1.2,
1%
4.9, 4%

(118.4 Mtoe) 1.6, 2% 3.7, 3%

0.1, 0%
3.7, 3% 15.2, Biomass
8.8, 8% 13%
Coal

3.5, 3% Oil
30.7, 27%
Natural Gas
39.9, 35%
Power Import
Nuclear
Natural Gas - CCS

TPES 2050 4.3, 0.6, 0%

1.9, 1%
(168.9 Mtoe) 3%
14.3, 9% 10.5, 7%
2.5, 2%
0.1, 0% Biomass
10.1, 6% Coal
43.4, 27% Oil
13.1, 8%
Natural Gas
Power Import
5.8, 4%
52.1, 33% Nuclear
Natural Gas - CCS

Figure 33: Primary Energy Supply forecasting by HCU39

7.5 Energy Transition: Future Projection

As Bangladesh is signatory/ allied partner of the numerous global goal/pact/

agreement e.g. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), Kyoto protocol, Paris Agreement, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC),
Perspective plan, 8th Five Year Plan, Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan etc. The following ta-
ble represents addressing the urgency of low carbon pathway of Bangladesh.

39 Energy Data Center, Hydrocarbon Unit and IEPMP 2023

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 57 | P a g e

 Table 19: Projected Total Primary Energy of Bangladesh (in terms of percentage)40

2022 2030 2041 2050

Natural Gas 32.83

43.88 40.51 34.82

Oil 27.35
21.07 23.69 26.79

Coal 6.62
7.33 17.77 13.26

Electricity Import 3.65

1.50 2.29 3.05

Nuclear 8.25
0.00 5.92 7.68

Natural Gas-CCS 6.36

0.00 0.00 3.23

Hydroelectric 0.06
0.30 0.13 0.09

Solar-PV 1.58
0.93 0.94 1.13

Wind 2.71
0.00 0.13 1.40

Hydrogen 9.01
0.00 0.00 4.28

Ammonia 0.38
0.00 0.27 1.05

Biomass 1.20
25.00 8.34 3.23

Total 100
100 100 100

40 Total Primary Energy Supply, Page-59, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 58 | P a g e

7.5.1 Natural Gas Demand & Production

Natural gas consumption will expand 2.8-folds between 2019 and 2050 for PP
2041 GDP case and 1.7-folds for In-Between case. Main driver is the power sector.

100 100
Mtoe

Mtoe
PP2041 In-Between
Loss, etc. Loss, etc.
80 80
72.4 Grid Grid

Captive Captive
60 60
Non-energy Non-energy
47.4
Agriculture Agriculture
50.6 40.4
40 Commercial
40 34.8 Commercial
30.1 28.2 Residential
25.5 26.5 25.5 26.6 25.6 22.9 Residential
17.5
13.7 Other transport
20 16.6 11.4 20 16.6 10.8 11.5 9.9 Other transport
10.8
6.4 Road 6.4
7.4 7.4 Road
14.1 Industry3.3 9.2 12.3
3.3 7.0 9.6 4.7 7.0
2.8 3.9 4.7 0 0.9 2.8 3.9 Industry
0 0.9
2000 2010 2019 2022 2030 2041 2050 2000 2010 2019 2022 2030 2041 2050

Figure 34: Natural Gas Demand Outlook41

PETROBANGA scenario-3
80.0
70.0
68.2
Power
60.0 55.5 12.7
Fertizer
50.0 11.5 13.9
0.0
0.3 Domestic
40.0 12.4 1.6
4.0
0.0
0.3 2.8 CNG
30.0 1.6
4.0
2.8
20.0 Commercial
32.9
10.0 22.9
Tea
0.0
Mmtoe Mmtoe Captive Power

FY2030-31 FY2040-41 Industry

Figure 35: Natural Gas Demand Outlook42

Because of its lower carbon footprint among fossil fuels, natural gas consumption
by power sector will expand 3.6-folds in PP2041 and 1.6-folds in In-Between during the
same period.

41 Natural Gas Demand Outlook, page- 115, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.
42 Natural Gas Demand Outlook, page- 115, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 59 | P a g e

 It is very clear that indigenous gas production from onshore is decline stage in the

Figure 36: Forecast of Domestic Natural Gas Production43

Outlook of Natural Gas Supply Balance

Figure 37: Outlook of Natural Gas Supply Balance44

43 Forecast of Domestic Natural Gas Production, page- 117, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP),
2023.
44 Outlook of Natural Gas Supply Balance, page- 119, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 60 | P a g e

 Under the most-likely case of the indigenous gas production plan, LNG import will
increase to 11 million tons (Mt) in 2030, 25 Mt in 2040 and 49 Mt in 2050 for the PP2041
GDP case and 7 Mt in 2030, 16 Mt in 2040 and 22 Mt in 2050 for the In-Between case,
respectively. However, if exploration on the high-risk potential resources were not suc-
cessful, additional import of LNG will become necessary on top of these projections by 7.1
Mt in 2040 and 9.4 Mt in 2050.

7.5.2 Oil Demand & Supply

60 60
Mtoe

Mtoe
Dist. loss, etc.
PP2041 Dist. loss, etc. In-Between
50 50 Power
Power
43.4
Refinery loss 39.7 Refinery loss
40 3.8 40
Non-energy Non-energy
3.0
30.7 8.1
Agriculture 28.8 Agriculture
30 30 8.9
2.7
8.1 Commercial 2.3 Commercial
6.0 6.3
6.3
20 17.6 Residential
20 17.3 Residential
4.3
3.6
1.6 Other transport 1.5 Other transport
3.2 18.3 3.1
10 1.9 10 17.3
5.7 14.4 Road 5.7 1.7
13.9 Road
3.1 3.8 3.1 3.8
1.1 8.1 8.0
0.9 Industry 0.9 Industry
0.7 1.2 2.1 0.7 1.2 2.1
0 0
2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050 2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050

Figure 38: Oil Demand Outlook45

45
Oil demand Outlook, page- 125, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 61 | P a g e

 Consumption of petroleum products is forecast to expand 7.6-folds between 2019
and 2050 for the PP 2041 GDP case and 7.0-folds for the In-Between Case. The increase
will be mainly led by motor fuel such as gasoline and diesel oil in response to increasing
demand for mobility. Diesel and fuel oil are also used for sea and river water transport.

7.5.3 Coal demand and indigenous production outlook

25 25 25 25
Mtoe
Mtoe

Mtoe
Mtoe
PP2041 PP2041 In-Between
In-Between 22.2
22.2
20.4
20.4
Dist. loss,Dist.
etc.loss, etc. Dist.Dist.
loss,loss,
etc. etc.
20 20 20 20
Power Power Power
Power
16.7
16.7
15.2 15.2 Non-energy Non-energy
Non-energy Non-energy
15 15 15 15 14.7
13.2 14.7
13.2 Agriculture
Agriculture Agriculture
Agriculture
14.1
14.1
Commercial
Commercial
10.5 Commercial
Commercial
10.5
8.7 11.4
11.4
10 8.7 10
10 7.9 10
2.0 Residential Residential
7.9 2.0 Residential Residential
Other transport Other transport
Other transport Other transport
5 4.0 5 4.0
5 4.0 8.4 5 Road 4.0 Road
8.46.4 Road 0.3 7.5 Road
0.3 6.2 7.5
6.4 5.3 5.3 6.2
Industry 3.7 5.3 Industry
0.3
3.7 0.8 5.3 3.7 Industry 0.3 0.8
0.8
3.7 Industry
0.3 0.8 0.30 0.3 0.6
0 0.6
0.6 0 0.3 0.6
0 2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050 2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050
2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050 2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050

Figure 39: Coal Demand Outlook46

Figure 40: Coal Production Outlook by scenarios47

46
Coal Demand Outlook, page- 129, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.
47 Coal Production Outlook by scenarios,

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 62 | P a g e

 Under the PP2041 demand projection under vigorous economic growth, introduc-
tion of new energies will progress fast in the power generation sector, and coal consump-
tion may start decreasing in the 2040s. If domestic coal utilization would be stagnant like
in Case-A, coal import needs to be continued. On the other hand, with coal mine develop-
ment like in Case-C, coal import may almost cease by 2050.

7.5.4 Outlook of Clean Energy Supply

To build a low carbon economy, clean energy supply must expand rapidly, which
include hydro, nuclear, solar PV, wind, modern biomass as well as CCS, ammonia and hy-
drogen.

Figure 41: Coal Production Outlook by scenarios48

The total supply of clean energy will amount to 45.5 MTOE in 2050 for the PP2041 GDP
case and 37.3 MTOE for the in between case.

48 Coal Production Outlook by scenarios, , Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan (IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 63 | P a g e

7.5.5 CO2 emission

400 400

Mt-CO2

Mt-CO2
ATS PP2041 ATS In-Between
305
300 300
245 266
136 235
62 Natural Gas
Natural Gas
200 94 200 172 69
170
Oil Oil
65 54 116
89 85
100 90 127 Coal 89
100
50 53 52 Coal
55 50
21 55
37 60
21 81 88
18 52 41 37 18 66
12 10 16 12
0 0 10 16
2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050 2000 2010 2019 2030 2041 2050

Figure 42: Energy-Related CO2 Emissions by Source49

The emissions of ATS PP2041 will be relatively moderate at 305 million tons-CO2
in 2050. That of ATS In-between will be even slower at 266 million tons-CO2 in 2050.

7.5.6 Energy Intensity

Energy Intensity is measured by the quantity of energy required per unit output
or activity, so that using less energy to produce a product reduces the intensity. The nu-
merical value is traditionally calculated by taking the ratio of energy use (or energy sup-
ply) to gross domestic product (GDP), indicating how well the economy converts energy
into monetary output. Typical units for energy intensity are joules (or Btu) per US dollar;
however, there are other equivalent metrics used. For Bangladesh, Ktoe per billion BDT is
used. The smaller the energy intensity ratio is, the lower the energy intensity of a partic-
ular nation.

Concepts:
Total energy supply is made up of production plus net imports minus international
marine and aviation bunkers plus-stock changes. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the

49 Energy-Related CO2 Emissions by Source, Executive Summary 20, Integrated Energy & Power Master Plan
(IEPMP), 2023.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 64 | P a g e

measure of economic output. For national comparison purposes, GDP is measured in cur-
rent terms at purchasing power parity.

Table 20: Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP50

Energy Intensity of Bangladesh

Energy Mix Intensity
GDP (Current)
Year (Primary) ktoe/billion
(billion BDT)
MTOE BDT
2015-16 46.10 20758.21 2.22
2016-17 46.43 23243.07 2.00
2017-18 47.01 26392.48 1.78
2018-19 54.60 29514.29 1.85
2019-20 55.50 31704.69 1.75
2020-21 56.92 35301.85 1.61
2021-22 57.20 39717.16 1.44

In FY 2021-22 it was 1.44 while in FY 2015-16 it was 2.22; therefore, energy inten-
sity is reduced by 35% over this period.

50 BBS and HCU

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 65 | P a g e

 Chapter 8

Alternate Fuels

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 66 | P a g e

 Bangladesh has its own indigenous resources e.g., Natural gas, coal and small
amount of petroleum. Natural gas being the primary energy source of Bangladesh, com-
prises 41% share in the primary energy mix (FY 2022-23) though around 25% of gas de-
mand is being fulfilled through LNG import. 90% of coal and almost all the petroleum de-
mand is met by importation. Therefore, to reduce the future import dependency as well
as to comply with the decarbonization mission of the world, Bangladesh is looking for-
ward to adopting emerging energy options diligently such as, alternate sources of energy
e.g., Hydrogen, Ammonia, etc. and Critical/ Emerging Technologies e.g., CCUS, etc.

Brief GoB targets

The 2015 Paris Agreement signatories pledged to NZE 2050. In August 2021, Bang-
ladesh submitted its updated Intended National Determined Contributions (NDC). We
have a mandate to reduce carbon emission. Moreover, from the provision of Perspective
Plan (Vision- 2041), 8th Five Year Plan, Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan 2022-2041, SDG
2030 and respective other plans and mandate, it is obvious to emphasize on the Develop-
ment of renewable energy and its generation and the use of alternative sources of energy.
At COP26, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina envisaged more sustainable energy mix with up
to 40% renewable & alternate energy share in the primary energy mix by 2041". 51 With
all of those visions, GoB has initiated Integrated Energy and Power Master Plan (IEPMP)
to materialize sustainable renewable and alternate energy in the national primary energy
mix to ensure energy security of Bangladesh.
Integrated Energy and Power Master Plan (IEPMP) 2023- In the PP2041 case, Total Pri-
mary Energy Supply (TPES) will expand by about four times to 169 million tons oil equiv-
alent (Mtoe) in 2050 from 2019.52
Traditional biomass consumption will almost disappear by 2050 and will be replaced by
modern fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas etc. On the other hand, clean energies
such as solar PV, wind, CCS, nuclear, ammonia and hydrogen will be introduced. These
clean energies will exceed almost 20% (27.2 Mtoe) of the TPES by 2041 and reach almost

51 Page no-12, Integrated Energy and Power Master Plan (IEPMP) 2023
52 Page no-14, Integrated Energy and Power Master Plan (IEPMP) 2023

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 67 | P a g e

30% in 2050 (50.8 Mtoe). Among the clean technologies,
 Expected demand of natural gas with CCS is 3.7 Mtoe (by 2041), 10.1 Mtoe (by
2050);
 Expected demand of Hydrogen is 4.9 Mtoe (by 2041), 14.3 Mtoe (by 2050);
 Expected demand of Ammonia is 1.2 Mtoe (by 2041), 0.6 Mtoe (by 2050).53

8.1 Hydrogen as energy source

Since the beginning of the 1990s, hydrogen generation has been studied as a method for
decarbonizing the mix of energy sources. Hydrogen is demanded by energy-consuming
sectors like industry, transport, commercial, residential, etc. Besides, hydrogen is greatly
demanded as a feedstock for many industrial processes such as the production of ammo-
nia and methanol, glass making, food processing, petroleum refining, and metal treatment.
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA)54, hydrogen demand reached 94 mil-
lion tons (Mt) in 2021 (40 Mt in the refineries and rest in other H2 consuming industries)
and containing energy equal to about 2.5% of global final energy consumption. Most of
the increase came from traditional uses in refining and industry, though demand for new
applications grew to about 40 thousand tons (up 60% from 2020, albeit from a low base).
Considering policies and measures that governments around the world have already put
in place, Hydrogen demand could reach 115 Mt by 2030. This is the high time to explore
the Hydrogen potential in Bangladesh.

Among the different colors of hydrogen, we envisage that the production of Blue Hydro-
gen would be at the forefront of the decarbonizing scheme entrusted by the world com-
munities. Blue Hydrogen is derived from fossil fuels, with integrated carbon capture and
storage (CCS). Globally, approximately 95% of all hydrogen is produced by the Steam Me-
thane Reforming (SMR) process.
Hydrogen energy can be produced from methane (CH4) through SMR reaction.
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2

53
Page no-113, Integrated Energy and Power Master Plan (IEPMP) 2023
54
Global Hydrogen Review 2022, IEA

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 68 | P a g e

Also, there is promising prospect of Green hydrogen production using bio-gasification
(other than electrolysis powered by RE sources), e.g., Biomass gasification with
CO2 capture will give an energy conversion system with negative CO2 emissions.

Probable way forward on Hydrogen Energy: Being a new technology, following task
should be carried out to analyze the viability and readiness of Hydrogen Energy in Bang-
ladesh.

 Task 1: Feasibility assessment of domestic hydrogen market (industry/off

takers), supply and demand analysis
 Task 2: Feasibility of piloting hydrogen energy in Bangladesh, mainly blue hy-
drogen and green hydrogen (bio-gasification, not electrolysis through RE
sources)
 Task 3: Hydrogen policy formulation mechanism.
 Task 4: Capacity building through knowledge and technology transfer.

8.2 Ammonia

Ammonia is considered to be a potential medium for hydrogen storage, facilitating

CO2-free energy systems in the future. Its high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage
pressure and stability for long-term storage are among the beneficial characteristics of
ammonia for hydrogen storage.

Figure 43: Production and utilization routes of ammonia in the energy sector55

Ammonia production includes the currently adopted Haber–Bosch, electrochemical and

55 Aziz, Muhammad et. al., Ammonia as Effective Hydrogen Storage: A Review on Production, Storage and Utilization, En-
ergies 2020, 13, 3062; doi:10.3390/en13123062.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 69 | P a g e

thermochemical cycle processes. Furthermore, in this study, the utilization of ammonia is
focused mainly on the possible direct utilization of ammonia due to its higher total energy
efficiency, covering the internal combustion engine, combustion for gas turbines and the
direct ammonia fuel cell.

Ammonia is produced from hydrogen and is currently used directly as a fertilizer

and chemical feedstock, although it can also serve as an energy carrier. It is considered as
a “low-carbon fuel” because it does not result in direct carbon emissions when combusted.

• Grey ammonia is derived from hydrogen produced by fossil gas or coal. More than
99% of ammonia produced today falls within this category.
• Blue ammonia is also derived from fossil fuels, with integrated carbon capture and
storage (CCS). Less than 1% of ammonia is produced in this way.
• Green ammonia is produced through water electrolysis powered by renewable
electricity. Only 0.01% of ammonia was produced with renewable power in 2021.56

Bangladesh is able to produce only 30% of the demand whereas the rest 70% is imported
from countries such as Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE).57
To address low carbon pathway, it is the high time to explore Ammonia market’s feasibil-
ity and piloting Ammonia co-firing in Bangladesh.
• Task 1: Feasibility of production potential of Ammonia and its preferred produc-
tion method along with available feedstock in Bangladesh
• Task 2: Feasibility of potential Ammonia market (end-users/ industries)
• Task 3: Feasibility of Piloting Ammonia co-firing in coal based power plants in
Bangladesh
• Task 4: Formulation of Ammonia Policy
• Task 5: Knowledge Transfer and Technology Transfer through capacity Building.

56 https://www.e3g.org/news/explained-why-ammonia-co-firing-with-coal-in-southeast-asia-is-a-risky-ap-
proach/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9Cco%2Dfiring%20ratio%E2%80%9D,serve%20as%20an%20energy%20car-
rier.

57 https://theconfluence.blog/bangladesh-opens-southeast-asias-largest-fertilizer-factory/

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 70 | P a g e

8.3 Municipal waste to clean energy/fuel

Being a founding member of the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA), Bangladesh bears the re-
sponsibility to achieve various UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), in particular,
SDG-7 (provide access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for every-
one).

 With growing GDP of Bangladesh, resource consumption is increasing. As a result,

everywhere from villages to cities, waste generation has increased manifold. If this
increased waste cannot be disposed of, the country's overall environment will be
destroyed.
 The country has already taken steps to promote waste to electricity. Waste-to-en-
ergy plant being built in Aminbazar at a cost of $300 million. The biopower project
is planned to commence commercial operation by 2026. Municipal solid waste will
be used as a feedstock to power the project. In December 2021, BPDB, Dhaka North
City Corporation (DNCC) and Chinese firm CMEC (China Machinery Engineering
Corporation) signed an agreement for the country's first ever waste-based power
plant in Dhaka with electricity generation capacity 42.5MW from the garbage in
the capital. In September 2022, another contract was signed among BPDB, Nara-
yanganj City Corporation (NCC) and Chinese firm U&D to develop the country's
second waste-based power plant (at Jalkuri) which will generate 6MW of electric-
ity from garbage of Narayanganj city and adjoining areas.

8.4 Biomass gasification to Biomethane and biofuel

In Bangladesh, bio-fuel can be a better alternative because a 30 percent blend of

bio-fuel can be used along with our diesel or petrol. Biofuels can help reduce these emis-
sions by substituting fossil fuels in various applications in Bangladesh. For example, bio-
ethanol can be blended with gasoline to power vehicles, biodiesel can be used in diesel
engines or generators, biogas can be used for cooking or electricity generation, and solid
biomass can be used for heating or industrial processes. Biofuels can also reduce the need
for importing fossil fuels, which can save foreign exchange and increase energy security
in Bangladesh.

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 71 | P a g e

 Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) was announced during 2023 G20 New Delhi summit
on 9 September 202358 to promote the development and adoption of sustainable biofuels
and set relevant standards and certification. Bangladesh joins the Global Biofuels Alliance
because it recognizes the potential of biofuels to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels,
enhance its energy security, and mitigate its greenhouse gas emissions. Bangladesh is one
of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change, and it has committed to
reducing its emissions by 5% by 2030 under the Paris Agreement. Biofuels can help Bang-
ladesh achieve this target by replacing conventional fuels in the transport sector, which
accounts for about 18% of its total energy consumption59. The World Bank estimates that
Bangladesh could raise $12.5 billion in additional financing in the medium term for cli-
mate action, including biofuel development. With strong implementation, technology de-
velopment and uptake, and regional collaboration, Bangladesh can achieve its climate
goals and benefit from biofuels.

Potential way forward on Biomass gasification to Biomethane and biofuel: Being a new
technology, following task should be carried out to analyze the viability and readiness of
Biomass gasification to Biomethane and biofuel in Bangladesh.
 Task 1: Feasibility of potential of “Biomass gasification to Biomethane and biofuel”
in Bangladesh
 Task 2: Study to develop policy framework for promoting biofuel production and
utilization in Bangladesh
 Task 3: Knowledge Transfer and Technology Transfer through capacity Building.

58https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-clean-energy-g20-global-biofuel-alliance-8932129/
59https://www.eurasiareview.com/11092023-bangladesh-joins-global-biofuels-alliance-opportunities-
and-challenges-for-biofuel-development-analysis/

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 72 | P a g e

 Chapter 9

Critical/ Emerging Technologies

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9.1 UCG to produce hydrogen and biofuel

While surface gasifiers (e.g., fixed-bed gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier, etc.) for coal
utilization is very popular in the world for exploiting the resource to produce hydrogen
and biofuel, subsurface gasification is further capable of being the instrument which does
not involve surface coal extraction, handling, transportation, etc. Therefore, Underground
Coal Gasification (UCG) has been popularized as an environmentally beneficiary tech-
nique and economical way of producing pure energy, by extracting and making use of the
vast unmineable coal resources around the world and considered as a clean coal technol-
ogy (CCT). UCG is advancing to achieve the status of other universally-accepted industrial
methods, such as open-cast and underground coal mining, coking, oil refining. UCG can be
tested to produce hydrogen and biofuel. Bangladesh can also be benefitted by extracting
the resource through this unconventional method as the deepest and largest coalfield of
Bangladesh has long been untapped due to the problems of adopting any conventional
coal mining method.

Potential way forward UCG to produce hydrogen and biofuel: Being a new technol-
ogy, following task tasks could be broadly identified-
 Task 1: Feasibility of UCG Technology adoption at Jamalganj coalfield
 Task 2: Feasibility of piloting UCG at Jamalganj coalfield
 Task 3: Feasibility of production efficiency of hydrogen and biofuel through UCG at
Jamalganj coalfield
 Task 4: Knowledge Transfer and Technology Transfer through capacity
Building

9.2 CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)

The role of CCUS is pivotal in clean energy transitions for the world. CCUS can be
retrofitted to existing power and industrial plants, allowing for their continued operation.
It can tackle emissions in hard-to-abate sectors, particularly heavy industries like cement,
steel or chemicals. CCUS is an enabler of least-cost low-carbon hydrogen production,
which can support the decarbonization of other parts of the energy system, such as indus-
try, trucks and ships. Finally, CCUS can remove CO2 from the air to balance emissions that

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are unavoidable or technically difficult to abate.

Figure 44: CCUS (source: IEA) 60

According to the IEA published report entitled “Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023”,
around 40 commercial facilities are already in operation applying carbon capture, utiliza-
tion and storage (CCUS) to industrial processes, fuel transformation and power genera-
tion. CCUS deployment has trailed behind expectations in the past, but momentum has
grown substantially in recent years, with over 500 projects in various stages of develop-
ment across the CCUS value chain. Since January 2022, project developers have an-
nounced ambitions for around 50 new capture facilities to be operating by 2030, captur-
ing around 125 Mt CO2 per year. Nevertheless, even at such a level, CCUS deployment
would remain substantially below (around a third) the around 1.2 Gt CO2 per year that is
required in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario.61

Figure 45: General schematic of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage 62

60 https://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage
61 https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023
62
https://twitter.com/ProsperoEvents/status/1493555694771085317/photo/1

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 75 | P a g e

 Bangladesh would like to test the CCUS feasibility and want to contribute the world
to some extent by joining the cohorts. At the same time, this could be an immensely ben-
eficial project if the CO2 storage is set in the depleted gas fields; this could result in en-
hanced recovery of our main indigenous resource.

CCUS being an emerging technology, following task tasks could be broadly identified-

 Task 1: Assessment of CCUS potential in Bangladesh (potential CO2 emitting indus-

tries, Industrial use potential of CO2, Underground Geological storage potential of
CO2 in Bangladesh, etc.)
 Task 2: Feasibility of piloting CCUS in Bangladesh
 Task 3: Knowledge Transfer and Technology Transfer through capacity Building.

9.3 EGR (Enhanced Gas Recovery)

The main indigenous energy resource Natural gas is depleting at a fast rate. But
among the depleted gas fields, some fields have lost the optimum pressure to produce the
remaining substantial amount of gas. This remaining gas can be boosted through injecting
CO2 into those depleted fields (e.g., Bakhrabad gas field).

When CO2 is injected into a gas reservoir, it can act as a displacement agent, push-
ing the remaining gas towards the production wells. CO2 also has a lower viscosity than
natural gas, which can reduce the pressure drop in the reservoir and improve the effi-
ciency of gas production. Moreover, CO2 can also interact with the natural gas in the res-
ervoir, leading to a process called miscible flooding. Miscible flooding occurs when CO2
mixes with the natural gas in the reservoir and creates a single-phase fluid, which can
more easily flow through the reservoir and be extracted. This process can result in a sig-
nificant increase in gas recovery rates.

Worldwide initiatives: There are information of new initiatives around the world
such as, BP plc: in Oman 2021, Total SE: in Argentina 2020, Eni S.p.A.: in Indonesia 2020,

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Petrobras: in Brazil 2019, Gazprom in Russia 2019.

The K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands - A pilot-scale EGR project was started
in the K12-B gas field in the Dutch sector of the North Sea in 2004.
Strategic Development:
 In 2021, Chevron Corporation announced its plans to increase its investment in the
Permian Basin, one of the largest oil and natural gas producing regions in the
United States. The company plans to use advanced drilling techniques and en-
hanced oil recovery methods, including EGR, to improve the efficiency and produc-
tivity of its operations in the region.

 In 2020, Royal Dutch Shell plc announced its plans to invest $10 Billion in its EGR
program over the next decade. The company aims to increase the recovery of nat-
ural gas from its existing reserves using advanced technologies, including carbon
capture and storage.

 In 2019, Exxon Mobil Corporation announced its plans to invest $10 Billion in EGR
and carbon capture and storage technologies over the next decade. The company
aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the efficiency of its opera-
tions by using these advanced technologies.

To identify EGR opportunity and detailed geological characterization and model building
studies as part of the feasibility and pilot planning phase, as such the following tasks could
be broadly identified-

 Task 1: Assessment of EGR potential in the depleted gas fields of Bangladesh

 Task 2: Feasibility of piloting EGR in Bangladesh
 Task 3: Knowledge Transfer and Technology Transfer through capacity Building

Energy Scenario of Bangladesh 2022-23 77 | P a g e

 Chapter 10

Discussion and Conclusion

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10.1 Discussion and Conclusion

The government has taken several steps to deal with the reduction in the produc-
tion of gas. Exploitation and exploration of domestic resources have been emphasized.
Power Sector Master Plan has already been formulated and initiative has been taken to
produce a large portion of the electricity using coal. Gas exploration activities
by BAPEX have been strengthened and some prospective wells have already been iden-
tified. Discoveries of more new wells are much expected in the future. Besides on-
shore, exploration activities are being undertaken in the offshore and fields with
large amount of gas are expected. In some old gas fields, the 3D Seismic survey has re-
vealed more reserves of gas than before.

For example, using new technology Bibiyana gas field found an increase of its re-
serve and a further production for some additional periods will continue. The govern-
ment has taken initiative to meet the demand of energy through import of LNG, already
LNG supplies have started and more LNG will be added to the national grid in the next
few years. Moreover, government has taken several steps to boost up the coal sector. ERL
expansion is underway and SPM project has been initiated and the progress of the project
work is ongoing. When the ongoing & future planning of development work of BPC will
be implemented then the energy security will be enriched for the mass people of Bangla-
desh. New horizon has been exposed in sea after settlement of maritime boundary with
Myanmar and India. Cross border energy trade will get momentum. Considering all the
perspectives, we hope that in the near future, Bangladesh is well prepared to meet
the Energy demand and ensure the supply of uninterrupted energy for achieving the 8th
FYP, Vision-2021, SDG-2030 and Vision-2041.

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