7

Number and algebra

Decimals
Since the introduction of the metric system, decimals have become more
commonly-used than fractions to describe parts of a whole.
Metric units follow a decimal system, meaning that they are related
by powers of ten, for example: 1 km ¼ 1000 m, 1 m ¼ 100 cm,
1 cm ¼ 10 mm. However, before the metric system was adopted in
Australia in 1974, we used the imperial system of measurement that was
not decimal-based: 1 mile ¼ 1760 yards, 1 yard ¼ 3 feet, 1 foot ¼ 12 inches.
In those days, measurement calculations were more difficult.
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n Chapter outline n Wordbank

Proficiency strands ascending Increasing from smallest to largest
7-01 Ordering decimals U F C decimal places The places after the decimal point in a
7-02 Decimals and fractions U F C number
7-03 Adding and subtracting U F PS C
decimals recurring decimal A decimal that has one or more digits
7-04 Multiplying and dividing U F C that repeat endlessly
decimals by powers round To write a number to a given number of places
of 10 1
tenth The fraction 10 or the decimal 0.1, the first decimal
7-05 Multiplying decimals by U F
place
estimating
7-06 Multiplying decimals U F PS R C terminating decimal A decimal that is not recurring, but
7-07 Dividing decimals by U F PS R comes to an end
whole numbers
7-08 Dividing decimals U F PS R C
7-09 Terminating and U F R C
recurring decimals
7-10 Rounding decimals U F PS C
7-11 Decimal problems F PS C

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n In this chapter you will:

Maths clip • compare and order decimals
Naming decimals
• connect fractions and decimals and carry out simple conversions
• add and subtract decimals, with and without digital technologies, and use estimation and
MAT07NAVT00004
rounding to check the reasonableness of answers
• multiply and divide decimals by powers of 10
• multiply and divide decimals using efficient written strategies and digital technologies
• round decimals to a specified number of decimal places
• investigate terminating and recurring decimals

SkillCheck
1 Copy this place value table so that it has 8 blank rows.
Worksheet

StartUp assignment 7 hundreds tens units • tenths hundredths thousandths

MAT07NAWK10051

Skillsheet

Decimals

MAT07NASS10025 Write each decimal in the table, with the digits in their correct columns.
a 14.82 b 6.014 c 931.02 d 70.8
e 0.375 f 0.19 g 8.592 h 715.3
2 Write the value of the digit 4 in each decimal.
a 431.70 b 31.047 c 761.04
d 114.37 e 3.734 f 907.431
3 Simplify each fraction.
18 4 350 24
a b c d
100 10 1000 100
4 List each set of numbers in ascending order.
a 21, 32, 34, 30, 20 b 213, 216, 234, 206, 230

Skillsheet
5 Evaluate each expression.
a 32 3 10 b 578 3 100 c 325 3 1000
Multiplying by 10, 100,
1000 d 400 3 10 e 400 4 10 f 1200 4 100
MAT07NASS10026
g 1 000 000 4 1000 h 81 000 4 100 i 640 4 10
6 List each set of numbers in descending order.
a 44, 39, 42, 45, 38, 40 b 505, 556, 513, 520, 549, 522
7 Round:
a 27 to the nearest ten b 752 to the nearest hundred
c 9079 to the nearest thousand d 16 837 to the nearest thousand

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8 Estimate the value of each expression.
a 140 þ 32 þ 381 b 432 þ 45 þ 2341 þ 7 c 746  29
d 596  338 e 1138  374 f 58 3 3
g 126 3 25 h 5920 4 8 i 2233 4 7
9 Evaluate each expression in question 8 without using a calculator.

7-01 Ordering decimals

A decimal is a special type of fraction where the denominator is a power of ten such as 10, 100 or Worksheet
1000. This shape has been divided into 10 equal parts, of which 9 have been shaded. Decimals wall

MAT07NAWK10052

Worksheet

Dewey decimals
9
• As a fraction, 10 or ‘nine-tenths’ of the shape is shaded.
MAT07NAWK10053
• As a decimal, 0.9 or ‘zero-point-nine’ of the shape is shaded.
You are familiar with numbers that have decimal points, for example:
– money $532.81
Skillsheet
– measurements 6.2 km.
Decimals
A decimal is an example of a rational number because it can be written as a fraction ab where
MAT07NASS10025
a and b are integers but b 6¼ 0.
The position of a digit in a number shows its size. This is called the place value. TLF learning object

In a decimal, the digits after the decimal point indicate a part of a whole. For example, the Swamp survival:
thousandths challenge
meaning of the decimal 532.81 is shown on the place value table below:
(L7906)

hundreds tens units tenths hundredths TLF learning object

1 1
100 10 1 10 100 Design a farm (L124)
5 3 2 • 8 1
› Worksheet
decimal point
Decimals 1

532.81 is 5 3 100 þ 3 3 10 þ 2 3 1 þ 8 3 10
1
þ 1 3 100
1
. MAT07NAWK00035

Worksheet
Summary Decimals 10

MAT07NAWK00039
The number of digits after the decimal point tells us the number of decimal places in a
decimal.

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Example 1
How many decimal places are there in:
a 3.6567? b 15.801?
Solution
a 3.6567 has 4 decimal places.
1234
b 15.801 has 3 decimal places.
123

Example 2
Arrange these decimals in ascending order: 67.41, 67.14, 6.714, 67.04.

Solution
To compare decimals more easily, place them in a column with the decimal points in a
vertical column and make them all have the same number of decimal places by inserting
0s at the end.
For example, 67.41 becomes 67.410.
67.410
67.140
6.714
67.040
All numbers now have three decimal places.
From smallest to largest: 6.714, 67.040, 67.140, 67.410.
In ascending order: 6.714, 67.04, 67.14, 67.41

Example 3
Arrange these numbers in descending order: 0.5, 0.08, 1.7, 0.85.

Solution
Make them all have the same number of decimal places by inserting 0s at the end.
0.5 becomes 0.50 and 1.7 becomes 1.70.
0.50
0.08
1.70
0.85
All numbers now have two decimal places.
From largest to smallest: 1.70, 0.85, 0.50, 0.08.
In descending order: 1.7, 0.85, 0.5, 0.08

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Exercise 7-01 Ordering decimals
1 How many decimal places does each number have? See Example 1
a 1.65 b 3.881 c 15.3062
d 0.005 e 7.045 73 f 814.3
g 9.597 684 h 203.602 39 i 0.0424 706

2 Which of these is the smallest decimal? Select the correct answer A, B, C or D. See Example 2
A 1.07 B 1.7 C 1.077 D 1.77
3 Arrange each set of numbers in ascending order.
a 43.89, 56.324, 9.998, 80.879, 400, 23.89, 56.314
b 0.568, 0.684, 0.099, 1.002, 0.586, 5.608, 0.0586
c 1.23, 0.891, 1.814, 0.222, 7.007, 0.89
d 0.5, 0.05, 0.005
e 3.441, 3.404, 3.4, 3.44, 3.004, 3.044
f 0.2, 0.202, 0.22, 0.022
4 Arrange each set of numbers in descending order. See Example 3
a 570.25, 125.63, 0.9899, 4000.99, 1256.3, 400.099
b 5.37, 6.539, 5.639, 5.367, 3.659, 3.66, 5.369
c 1.6, 1.61, 1.599, 1.601, 1.509
d 6, 0.06, 0.6, 6.6
e 0.7, 0.07, 0.707, 0.77, 0.007, 7.07
f 0.4004, 0.044, 0.404, 0.44
5 Insert < or > to make each statement true.
a 0.2 ______ 0.25 b 0.731 ______ 0.73
c 0.035 ______ 0.305 d 0.007 ______ 0.070
d 1.59 ______ 1.059 f 0.099 ______ 0.99
g 44.44 ______ 4.444 h 0.7932 ______ 0.7239

6 Copy each number line and write the values of the points marked with dots.

a
1.6 1.9 2.3

b
4.07 4.09 4.11

c
0.65 0.67 0.71

d
8.0 8.1 8.16 8.2

e
0.07 0.23

f
2.0 2.6

g
4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

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7 Write a decimal that is:

a less than 1.3 b greater than 2.07
c between 8.25 and 8.5 d 6.401 and 6.41

8 Find a path from START to TOP. You can make your move from START in any direction,
but then you can only move to a larger decimal. Try to find the shortest path, then try to find
the longest path.

TOP

0.029 0.2

0.12 0.121 0.17

0.09 0.071 0.11 0.14

0.081 0.05 0.3

0.005 0.015

START

Investigation: Comparing heights

1 Use the clues below to find each girl’s name and height.
• Mandy is taller than Sarah.
• Sarah is shorter than Yin.
• Kelly is taller than Sarah but shorter than Mandy.
• Mandy is not the tallest.
The heights of the girls are 168.5 cm, 166.3 cm, 164.2 cm and 160.7 cm.

A B C D

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2 Use the clues below to find each boy’s name and height.
• Steve is 164.7 cm tall.
• Mike is 14.7 cm taller than Milof.
• Steve is 3.9 cm shorter than Milof.
• Ganesh is 1.6 cm taller than Mike.

A B C D

3 Use the clues below to find each student’s name and height.
• Yoko is 15.1 cm taller than Peter.
• Jade is 13.7 cm shorter than Yoko.
• Karl is 20.6 cm taller than Jade.
• Yoko is 6.9 cm shorter than Karl.
• Peter is 163 cm tall.

A B C D

4 Create your own problem using four students from your class. Estimate their heights and
height differences. Write a set of clues. (Don’t forget to change their names!)

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7-02 Decimals and fractions

Example 4

Puzzle sheet Convert each decimal to a simplified fraction.

Decimals squaresaw 1 a 0.09 b 0.274 c 1.45
MAT07NAPS10026
Solution
 
9
a 0.09 ¼ 2 decimal places means hundredths
Skillsheet 100 100
 
Fractions and decimals
b 0:274 ¼ 274 3 decimal places means thousandths
MAT07NASS10027
1000 1000
¼ 137 Simplify the fraction
500
45  
c 1:45 ¼ 1 þ 2 decimal places means hundredths
100 100
¼ 1 20
9 Simplify the fraction

Note: The number of decimal places in the decimal gives the number of zeros in the
denominator of the fraction.

Summary
1
• tenths have one decimal place (10 has 1 zero)
1
• hundredths have two decimal places (100 has 2 zeros)
1
• thousandths have three decimal places (1000 has 3 zeros)
• ten thousandths have four decimal places (10 1000 has 4 zeros)

Example 5
Convert each fraction to a decimal.
22 7
a b 310 c five thousandths
100

Solution
a 22 ¼ 0.22
100
2 zeros fi 2 decimal places
7
b 3 10 ¼ 3.7 1 zero fi 1 decimal place

3 zeros fi 3 decimal places

5
c five thousandths ¼ ¼ 0.005
1000

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Exercise 7-02 Decimals and fractions
1 What part of each shape has been shaded? Write the answer as:
i a fraction ii a decimal
a

b c

2 Convert each decimal to a simplified fraction. See Example 4

a 0.7 b 0.4 c 0.39 d 0.572
e 0.003 f 0.05 g 0.11 h 0.328
i 0.3 j 0.999 k 0.013 l 0.0004
m 0.0471 n 0.321 o 0.5005 p 0.91
q 0.082 r 1.6 s 27.25 t 2.007

3 Which decimal is equal to 23 ? Select the correct answer A, B, C or D. See Example 5

1000
A 0.23 B 0.023 C 0.0023 D 0.000 23
4 Convert each fraction to a decimal.
a 9 b 15 c 79 d 60
10 100 100 100
e four-tenths f 23 g 6 h 411
100 10 1000
i 704 j eighty-seven hundredths k 7
1000 100
l 14 m 8 n 235 o 247
100 10 1000 1000
p 17 q 368 r 9345 s 493
100 1000 10 000 1000
67 47 9 8
t 1100 u 4100 v 2310 w 6 10
x twenty-three thousandths y forty-five hundredths

7-03 Adding and subtracting decimals

Homework sheet

Decimals 1
Summary MAT07NAHS10011

When adding or subtracting decimals: TLF learning object

Wishball: tournament
• keep decimal points below one another
(L8460)
• check your answer by estimating

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Example 6
TLF learning object
Find the sum of 10.92, 0.89, 32 and 0.6.
Circle 3 (L3507)

Solution
10.92
0.89 Fill in any spaces with zeros.
32.00 Remember that 32 is the same as 32.00.
þ0.60
44.41 Estimate: 10.92 þ 0.89 þ 32 þ 0.6  11 þ 1 þ 32 þ 1 ¼ 45

Example 7
Evaluate each difference.
a 76.029  8.914 b 4.31  2.183

Solution
a 76.029
– 8.914
67.115 Estimate: 76.029  8.914  76  9 ¼ 67
b 4.310 Fill in any spaces with zeros.
– 2.183
2.127 Estimate: 4.31  2.183  4  2 ¼ 2

Exercise 7-03 Adding and subtracting decimals

See Example 6 1 Copy and complete each sum.
a 5.3 b 4.723 c 43.5 d 0.0076
6.2 0.01 116.29 1.23
þ 0.5 þ12.2 7.3 þ 0.09
þ 0.227

See Example 7 2 Copy and complete each difference.

a 57.703 b 6.1 c 23.57 d 22.6
16.21  0.2 16.88 13.54

3 Evaluate 0.61 þ 12.345. Select the correct answer A, B, C or D.

A 73.345 B 18.445 C 12.955 D 12.406

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4 An electrician needed these lengths of cable to complete a wiring job: 12.3 m, 4.8 m, 18.7 m,
7.98 m, 13.65 m and 23.6 m.
a How many metres of cable did the electrician use?
b If the full spool of cable was 100 m long, how many metres of cable were left on the spool
after the electrician completed the job?
5 To keep fit, Angela runs each day. Last week she ran 3.8 km, 4.1 km, 2.3 km, 2.6 km, 3 km,
1 km and 1.8 km. How far did she run last week?
6 A truck carrying sand had a total mass of 13 248 kg. If the truck alone had a mass of
5210.8 kg, what is the mass of the sand?
7 Five runners in the school’s 100 m race recorded the following times: 13.5 s, 13.81 s, 12.7 s, Worked solutions
14.62 s, 12.45 s. Exercise 7-03
a Place these times in order, from fastest to slowest.
MAT07NAWS10040
b What is the time difference between the fastest and slowest runners?
c If the runner in second place had run 0.3 seconds faster, would she have won the race?
Explain your answer.
8 Dion’s expenses for one week are shown in the table below.
Food $128.80
Clothing $ 88.45
Car $ 58.35
Rent $185.00
Entertainment $ 78.95
Savings $ 66.00

a How much did he spend?

b How much did he have left out of his weekly pay of $620.80?
9 A new block of wood is 11.27 cm thick. If it has 0.34 cm shaved off one side and 0.55 cm shaved
off the other side, how thick is the block of wood? Select the correct answer A, B, C or D.
A 10.38 cm B 11.06 cm C 11.16 cm D 11.48 cm
10 Wendy was making teddy bears.
She needed these amounts of
material for five bears: 2.6 m,
0.8 m, 1.2 m, 0.75 m and 0.88 m.
How much material did she need
altogether?

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11 Copy and complete each equation with the correct decimals.

a 4.8 þ ________ ¼ 7.34 b ____________  6.6 ¼ 2.14 c 8.75  _______ ¼ 3.3

d ____________ þ ____________ ¼ 10.719 e ____________  ____________ ¼ 3.016

Investigation: Multiplying and dividing decimals

by powers of 10

When a number is multiplied by 10, 100, 1000 or other powers of 10, every digit in the
number increases in place value by moving to the left.
When a number is divided by a power of 10, every digit decreases in place value by
moving to the right.
1 Copy the place value table below, then use a calculator to evaluate each expression
involving multiplying or dividing by a power of 10. Notice the pattern in your answers.
n

s
s

s
s

hs
s

th
nd

th
ed
io

nd
ou n

dt
hs
s

its

nd
nd

ou ten
lat

th Te

dr
sa

n
sa

re
nt
Te

Un

sa
sa
ou

un
lcu

nd
te

ou
Th

H
Ca

hu

th
th
36.7 3 6 7
36.7 × 10
36.7 × 100
36.7 × 1000
2.35 2 3 5
2.35 × 10
2.35 × 100
2.35 × 1000
36.7 ÷ 10
36.7 ÷ 100
36.7 ÷ 1000
2.35 ÷ 10
2.35 ÷ 100

2 Copy and complete each statement.

a To multiply by 10, move the decimal point ______ place to the ____________.
b To multiply by 100, move the decimal point ______ places to the ____________.
c To multiply by 1000, move the decimal point ______ places to the ____________.
d To divide by 10, move the decimal point ______ place to the ____________.
e To divide by 100, move the decimal point ______ places to the ____________.
f To divide by 1000, move the decimal point ______ places to the ____________.

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7-04 Multiplying and dividing decimals by

powers of 10

Summary

To multiply a decimal by: Move the decimal point:

10 1 place to the right
100 2 places to the right
1000 3 places to the right
To divide a decimal by: Move the decimal point:
10 1 place to the left
100 2 places to the left
1000 3 places to the left
Note that the number of 0s in the power of 10 is how many places the decimal point is moved.

Example 8
Evaluate each expression.
a 13.69 3 100 b 2.54 3 1000 c 13.69 4 10 d 2.54 4 100

Solution
a 13.69 3 100 ¼ 13. 6 9 Move the decimal point 2 places to the right

¼ 1369 Moving right makes the decimal bigger

b 2:54 3 1000 ¼ 2:5 4 0 Move the decimal point 3 places to the right:
¼ 2540 add a 0 to the end to allow this.

c 13:69 4 10 ¼ 1 3:69 Move the decimal point 1 place to the left

¼ 1.369 Moving left makes the decimal smaller

d 2:54 4 100 ¼ 0 0 2: 54 Move the decimal point 2 places to the left:

¼ 0:0254 add two 0s to the start to allow this

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Exercise 7-04 Multiplying and dividing decimals

by powers of 10
See Example 8 1 Evaluate each product.
a 2.49 3 100 b 0.81 3 10 c 37.42 3 1000
d 3.416 3 100 e 7.25 3 100 f 2.196 3 1000
g 6.043 3 100 h 0.032 3 100 i 0.065 3 10
j 45.213 3 100 k 10.64 3 1000 l 63.04 3 100
m 5.98 3 1000 n 847.612 3 100 o 0.0592 3 10
p 36.2 3 100 q 219.4 3 1000 r 40.075 3 10

2 Evaluate 18.5 4 1000. Select the correct answer A, B, C or D.

A 0.00 185 B 1.85 C 0.0185 D 0.185
3 Evaluate each quotient.
a 46.3 4 10 b 507 4 100 c 1203 4 1000
d 36.4 4 100 e 381.5 4 1000 f 55.02 4 10
g 11.46 4 1000 h 694.3 4 1000 i 4.28 4 1000
j 67 4 100 k 21.31 4 1000 l 5.72 4 10
m 81.348 4 1000 n 50.2 4 100 o 4.91 4 100
p 0.4 4 1000 q 1.73 4 100 r 125.3 4 10 000

4 Copy and complete each equation.

a 14.219 3 _______ ¼ 14 219 b 892.5 3 _______ ¼ 8.925
c 742 4 _______ ¼ 7.42 d 205.7 4 _______ ¼ 20.57
e _______ 3 _______ ¼ 560.1 f _______ 4 _______ ¼ 0.382

Mental skills 7 Maths without calculators

Calculating differences and making change

In every subtraction problem, for example 135  47, think of finding the ‘gap’ between the
two numbers. That is, find the number that must be added to 47 to get 135.
1 Study each example.
a 135  47
47 135
Think: 47 þ ______ ¼ 135 3 50 35

50 100 150
Count: ‘47, 50, 100, 135’
Add: 3 þ 50 þ 35 ¼ 88
Answer: 135  47 ¼ 88

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b 244  115
Think: 115 þ ______ ¼ 244 115 244
5 80 44

100 150 200

Count: ‘115, 120, 200, 244’
Add: 5 þ 80 þ 44 ¼ 129
Answer: 244  115 ¼ 129
$47.65 $60
c $60  $47.65 35c $10
$2

$50 $60 $70

Count: ‘$47.65, $48, $50, $60’
Add: $0.35 þ $2 þ $10 ¼ $12.35
Answer: $60  $47.65 ¼ $12.35
d $100  $88.45 $88.45 $100
55c $10
$1

$80 $90 $100

Count: ‘$88.45, $89, $90, $100
Add: $0.55 þ $1 þ $10 ¼ $11.55
Answer: $100  $88.45 ¼ $11.55
2 Now evaluate each difference.
a 176  88 b 221  54 c 670  356 d 425  340
e 518  389 f 199  78 g $70  $58.40 h $80  $73.25
i $45  $40.30 j $100  $69.95 k $30  $22.90 l $50  $17.10

7-05 Multiplying decimals by estimating

If you know the answer to a whole number multiplication, then you can use estimation to find the
answer to a related decimal multiplication by correctly positioning the decimal point.

Example 9
a Given that 17 3 12 ¼ 204, find:
i 1.7 3 12 ii 1.7 3 1.2
b Given that 23 3 47 ¼ 1081, find:
i 2.3 3 4.7 ii 230 3 4.7 iii 23 3 0.47

Solution
a 17 3 12 ¼ 204
Multiplication Estimate Answer
i 1.7 3 12  2 3 10 ¼ 20 20.4 ( use the digits 204 to make a
number near 20
ii 1.7 3 1.2 231¼2 2.04 ( use the digits 204 to make a
number near 2

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b 23 3 47 ¼ 1081
Multiplication Estimate Answer
i 2.3 3 4.7  2 3 5 ¼ 10 10.81 ( use the digits 1081 to make a
number near 10
ii 230 3 4.7  200 3 5 ¼ 1000 1081 ( use the digits 1081 to make a
number near 1000
iii 23 3 0.47  20 3 0.5 ¼ 10 10.81 ( use the digits 1081 to make a
number near 10

Exercise 7-05 Multiplying decimals by estimating

See Example 9 1 Use the result of the whole number multiplication to copy and complete each table.
a 69 3 18 ¼ 1242
Multiplication Estimate Answer
0.69 3 18
6.9 3 180
6.9 3 1.8
690 3 1.8

b 104 3 42 ¼ 4368
Multiplication Estimate Answer
10.4 3 42
1.04 3 4.2
104 3 4.2
0.104 3 4.2

c 38 3 92 ¼ 3496
Multiplication Estimate Answer
3.8 3 92
0.38 3 92
38 3 0.92
380 3 0.92

2 Given that 63 3 34 ¼ 2142, use estimates to find:

a 6.3 3 3.4 b 0.63 3 3.4 c 0.63 3 3400
d 630 3 3.4 e 6.3 3 34 f 63 3 0.34

3 Given that 1.7 3 1.2 ¼ 2.04, use estimates to find:

a 1.7 3 12 b 17 3 0.12 c 0.17 3 1.2
d 0.17 3 12 e 17 3 12 f 17 3 1.2

4 Given that 7.2 3 3.4 ¼ 24.48, use estimates to find:

a 7.2 3 34 b 72 3 3.4 c 0.72 3 3.4
d 72 3 34 e 7.2 3 0.34 f 0.72 3 34

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5 Given that 1.26 3 6 ¼ 7.56, use estimates to find:
a 12.6 3 6 b 126 3 6 c 1.26 3 0.6
d 0.126 3 6 e 0.126 3 0.6 f 126 3 0.6

6 Use the fact that 0.3 3 0.24 ¼ 0.072 to find:

a 3 3 0.24 b 0.3 3 2.4 c 0.3 3 24
d 3 3 24 e 3 3 2.4 f 0.03 3 24

7 Write an estimate for each product. Worked solutions

a 2.7 3 3.1 b 6.2 3 0.44 c 8.6 3 19 Exercise 7-05

MAT07NAWS10041

Investigation: Decimal places in multiplication answers

1 What happens when you multiply by a number less than one?

a Is the answer to 12 3 0.8 more or less than 12? Why?
b Estimate the answer to 12 3 0.8.
c How many decimal places do 12 and 0.8 each have?
d Use a calculator to evaluate 12 3 0.8. How many decimal places does the
answer have?
2 a Is the answer to 0.7 3 0.3 more or less than 0.7? Why?
b Estimate the answer to 0.7 3 0.3.
c How many decimal places do 0.7 and 0.3 each have?
d Use a calculator to evaluate 0.7 3 0.3. How many decimal places does the
answer have?
3 a Is the answer to 2.5 3 4.1 more or less than 2.5? Why?
b Estimate the answer to 2.5 3 4.1.
c How many decimal places do 2.5 and 4.1 each have?
d Use a calculator to evaluate 2.5 3 4.1. How many decimal places does the
answer have?
4 What is the relationship between the number of decimal places in the question and the
number of decimal places in the answer?
5 a If 82 3 6 ¼ 492, what do you think is the answer to 82 3 0.6? Where does
the decimal point go?
b If 4 3 17 ¼ 68, what do you think is the answer to 0.4 3 1.7?
c If 367 3 51 ¼ 18 717, what do you think is the answer to 3.67 3 5.1?
d What is the answer to 0.5 3 0.9?

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Decimals

7-06 Multiplying decimals

Worksheet Summary
Shopping and change
When multiplying decimals, the number of decimal places in the answer equals the total
MAT07NAWK10054
number of decimal places in the question.
Worksheet

Decimal cards

MAT07NAWK10055 Example 10
Evaluate each product.
a 3.06 3 4.8 b 0.6 3 4.1

Worksheet Solution
Where’s the point? a Complete the multiplication without decimal points.
MAT07NAWK10056 306
3 48
Video tutorial
2448
Multiplying decimals 12240
MAT07NAVT10015 14688
Method 1
Puzzle sheet
Decide where to place the decimal point by counting decimal places.
Multiplication
estimation game 3.06 has 2 decimal places.
MAT07NAPS10027
4.8 has 1 decimal place.
So we need 2 þ 1 ¼ 3 decimal places.
Puzzle sheet
Insert the decimal point so that the answer has 3 decimal places.
Which decimals? 3.06 3 4.8 ¼ 14.688
MAT07NAPS10028 Method 2
Estimate the answer.
3.06 3 4.8  3 3 5 ¼ 15
Insert the decimal point so that the answer is near 15.
3.06 3 4.8 ¼ 14.688
b Complete the multiplication without decimal points.
41
36
246
Method 1
Decide where to place the decimal point by counting decimal places.
0.6 has 1 decimal place.
4.1 has 1 decimal place.
So the answer has 2 decimal places.
Insert the decimal point so that the answer has 2 decimal places.
0.6 3 4.1 ¼ 2.46
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Method 2
Estimate the answer.
0.6 3 4.1  1 3 4 ¼ 4
Insert the decimal point so that the answer is near 4.
0.6 3 4.1 ¼ 2.46

Exercise 7-06 Multiplying decimals

1 How many decimal places will each product have?
a 0.25 3 11 b 10.2 3 4 c 0.5 3 10
d 7 3 2.193 e 0.9 3 0.75 f 8.06 3 4.1
g 0.11 3 1.01 h 6.3 3 0.04 i 2.95 3 5.3
j 0.237 3 1.2 k 0.023 3 0.042 l 321.2 3 8.1

2 Evaluate each product. See Example 10

a 3.05 3 4 b 1.02 3 7 c 2.001 3 9 d 17.1 3 2
e 10 3 2.25 f 3 3 4.20 g 6.95 3 5 h 1.004 3 8
i 0.18 3 5 j 0.4 3 12 k 6 3 0.002 l 3 3 4.2
m 0.4 3 0.8 n 3.9 3 0.5 o 0.8 3 0.6 p 0.3 3 0.24

3 Estimate each product, then evaluate the product.

a 47.9 3 0.3 b 6.43 3 7.2 c 83.4 3 6.3
4 Dress material costs $31.24 per metre. How much does 5.2 metres of material cost?
5 Sean earns $18.45 per hour working at a cinema. How much will he earn for working
a 39-hour week?
6 A flower bed is 2.6 m long by 0.8 m wide. Calculate its area.
7 Calculate the total of this grocery shopping bill. Select A, B, C or D. Worked solutions
• 3 kg of butter at $2.50 per kilogram Exercise 7-06
• 500 g of cheese at $12.88 per kilogram MAT07NAWS10042
• 2 kg of meat at $6.90 per kilogram
• 2 dozen eggs at $4.26 per dozen
A $30.47 B $36.26 C $64.70 D $129.98

7-07 Dividing decimals by whole numbers

Summary
When dividing a decimal by a whole number:
• rewrite the question in ‘short division’ form
• make the decimal point in the answer line up with the decimal point in the question
• add zeros to the end of the decimal being divided, if needed

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Decimals

Example 11
Evaluate each quotient.
a 10 4 4 b 0.018 4 6 c 2.66 4 8

Solution
a  2: 5 Write 10 as 10.0 so that you can complete the division
4 10:2 0
10 4 4 ¼ 2.5
b 0:0 0 3
6 0:011 8
0.018 4 6 ¼ 0.003
c  0: 3 3 2 5 Write two 0s after 2.66 so that you can complete the division
8 2:62 62 04 0
2.66 4 8 ¼ 0.3325

Exercise 7-07 Dividing decimals by whole numbers

See Example 11 1 Evaluate each quotient.
a 4.8 4 2 b 18.6 4 3 c 20.8 4 5 d 32.8 4 8
e 29.3 4 2 f 8.79 4 4 g 0.056 4 7 h 10.71 4 4
i 195.6 4 8 j 7.35 4 2 k 4.15 4 8 l 0.318 4 3
m 12 4 5 n 13.56 4 4 o 23 4 8 p 256.84 4 4
q 107.1 4 9 r 82.5 4 6 s 0.732 4 6 t 2075.6 4 8

2 Yesterday, Anh earned $137.12 for working 8 hours at the chemist. How much was he paid
per hour?
3 Trent took 5 hours to travel 163.5 km on his bike. What was his average speed in km/h?
Select A, B, C or D.
A 30.6 B 32.6 C 8.175 D 32.7

4 At the restaurant, the bill for 6 friends totalled $168.96. How much should each friend pay if
the bill is to be split evenly?
Worked solutions 5 Nadine ran 100 metres in the following times (in seconds): 11.4, 12.1, 11.5, 11.3, 11.6, 11.7.
Exercise 7-07
a Calculate the sum of Nadine’s six times.
MAT07NAWS10043 b Calculate Nadine’s average time.
6 Copy and complete each equation with the correct decimals.
a ________ 4 8 ¼ 3.1 b ________ 4 5 ¼ 2.46 c ________ 4 ________ ¼ 6

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7-08 Dividing decimals

Look at this pattern: Worksheet
18 4 3 ¼ 6 Decimals writing
180 4 30 ¼ 6 activity
1800 4 300 ¼ 6 MAT07NAWK10057

This is like writing them as equivalent fractions: 18 ¼ 180 ¼ 1800.

3 30 300 Homework sheet

When dividing numbers, if we multiply both numbers by the same number first, the answer stays Decimals 2
the same. We can use this property to help us divide decimals. For example: MAT07NAHS10012
9:8 4 0:08 ¼ 980 4 8 (multiplying both numbers by 100)
¼ 122:5
980 4 8 is easier to evaluate than 9.8 4 0.08 because 8 is a whole number.
Worksheet

Summary Decimals 7

MAT07NAWK00040

To divide a decimal by a decimal:

Technology worksheet
• make the second decimal a whole number by moving the decimal point the required Excel
number of places to the right Calculating with
• move the point in the first decimal the same number of places to the right decimals

• divide the new first number by the whole number MAT07NACT10003

This works because we multiply both decimals by the same power of 10 before dividing.

Example 12
Video tutorial

Evaluate each of the following: Dividing decimals

a 0.4 4 0.2 b 1.75 4 0.5 c 122.4 4 0.03 MAT07NAVT10016

Solution
a 0:4 4 0:2 ¼ 0 :4 4 0 : 2 Move both decimal points one place to the right
¼ 442 so that 0.2 becomes a whole number
¼2
multiplying both decimals by
10

b 1:75 4 0:5 ¼ 1 : 7 5 4 0 : 5 Move both decimal points one place to the right
¼ 17:5 4 5
¼ 3:5

c 122:4 4 0:03 ¼ 122 :4 0 4 0 :0 3 Move both decimal points two places to the
¼ 12 240 4 3 right so that 0.03 becomes a whole number
¼ 4080
multiplying both decimals by
100

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Decimals

Exercise 7-08 Dividing decimals

Extra questions
1 a 18 4 0.5 means ‘how many times does 0.5 go into 18?’. Is the answer more or less than 18?
Why?
Multiplying and
dividing decimals b Estimate the answer to 18 4 0.5.
MAT07NAEQ00023 c Evaluate 18 4 0.5.
d Show that 18 4 12 gives the same answer.
2 a 20.4 4 0.3 means ‘how many times does 0.3 go into 20.4?’. Is the answer more or less than
20.4?
b Estimate the answer to 20.4 4 0.3.
c Find the exact answer to 20.4 4 0.3.
3 What happens when you divide by a number less than 1? Is the answer more or less than the
number? (Check your answers to questions 1 and 2).
4 Which of the following is the answer to 13.59 4 0.03? Select A, B, C or D.
A 45.3 B 453 C 4.53 D 4530
5 Rewrite each of the following divisions so that the second decimal is a whole number.
a 508.8 4 0.8 b 17.92 4 0.07 c 333 4 0.9
d 1.725 4 0.05 e 129.2 4 0.4 f 49.5 4 0.06
g 168 4 0.7 h 14.823 4 0.09 i 0.66 4 0.3

See Example 12 6 Evaluate each of these, and check that your answers seem reasonable by estimating.
a 3.48 4 0.4 b 7.32 4 0.2 c 2.94 4 0.6
d 16.28 4 0.08 e 27 4 0.9 f 10.08 4 0.8
g 10.4 4 0.05 h 5.6 4 0.07 i 1.71 4 0.3
j 40.82 4 0.02 k 0.532 4 0.5 l 0.7812 4 0.006

7 A drink bottle holds 0.8 litres. How many drink bottles can be filled from a container that
holds 12.8 litres?
8 A square wall tile has length 0.3 m. If a bathroom wall has length 5.2 m, how many whole tiles
are needed for one row along the wall?
Worked solutions 9 James can cycle 0.7 km in one minute.
Exercise 7-08
a How far will he travel in 20 minutes?
MAT07NAWS10044 b How long will it take him to travel 26.6 km?
10 Copy and complete each blank with the correct decimal.
a 27.2 4 ________ ¼ 8
b ________ 4 5 ¼ 2.46
c ________ 4 ________ ¼ 6.2

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Investigation: Back-to-front problems

The cards for this set of questions have been printed without any decimal points. Insert the
decimal points so that the numbers on the cards fit the clues.

1 The difference between these two

561 24
numbers is 53.7.
The sum of the numbers is 58.5.
2 The difference between the numbers is
183 42
178.8. When you divide the greater
number by the smaller number, the
quotient is between 43 and 44.
3 The sum of the three numbers is 5.36.
8 42 36
The product of the numbers is 1.2096.
4 The sum of the three numbers is 4.61.
15 29 21
The product of the numbers is 0.9135.
5 The sum of the four numbers is 2.55.
7 31 14 14
The product of two of the numbers is
0.196. The product of the other two
numbers is 0. 217.

7-09 Terminating and recurring decimals

When fractions are converted to decimals, the decimals can be terminating or recurring. Puzzle sheet
Terminating decimals have a definite number of decimal places, such as 0.625, while recurring Decimals squaresaw 2
decimals are decimals whose digits repeat endlessly, such as 0.272727 … ‘Terminate’ means MAT07NAPS10029
‘to stop’ while ‘recurring’ means ‘repeating’.
Weblink

Terminating decimals Master class on

decimals

Example 13
Convert each fraction into a decimal. Skillsheet
3 5
a b Fractions and decimals
5 8
MAT07NASS10027
Solution
a 3 means 3 4 5 b 5 means 5 4 8
5 8
0:6 0:625
5 Þ 3:0 24
8 5:000

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Decimals

Remember to add zeros, if necessary, to complete the division.

3 5
¼ 0:6 ¼ 0.625
5 8
Note also that 3 ¼ 6 ¼ 0.6.
5 10

Recurring decimals
Example 14
Convert each fraction to a decimal.
a 1 b 5 c 2
3 6 11

Solution
a 1 means 1 4 3 0:333 . . .
3 3 Þ 1:000 . . .
1 :
¼ 0.333… ¼ 0.3 or 0.3
3
b 5 means 5 4 6 0:833 . . .
6 6 Þ 5:0000 ...
:
5 ¼ 0.8333… ¼ 0.83 or 0.83
6
2 0:18181 . . .
c means 2 4 11
11 11 Þ 2:00000 . . .
2 ¼ 0.181 818… ¼ 0.1: 8: or 0.18
11
The answers are all recurring decimals, where one or more of the digits in the decimal repeat
endlessly. To show this, we use dots or a line to mark the repeating section: for example,
: :
0.259 259 259… ¼ 0.259 or 0.259.

Exercise 7-09 Terminating and recurring decimals

See Example 13 1 Copy and complete this table. Use a calculator if you need to.
Common Meaning as
fraction division Decimal
a 3 345 0.6
5
b 1 142
2
c 1 0.25
4
d 4
5
e 2
5
f 344 0.75
g 145
h 148

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2 Use your answers from question 1 to help you convert each fraction into a decimal.
a 2 b 3 c 3 d 2
5 8 4 2
e 2 f 6 g 3 h 2
4 8 5 8
5 7 4 5
i j k l
8 8 8 5
3 Explain why some of the fractions in question 2 have the same decimal value.
4 Write each mixed numeral as a decimal. Worked solutions
8
a 4 10 b 23 34 c 12 58 d 6 35 Exercise 7-09

e 57 25 f 19 18 g 110 78 h 80 14 MAT07NAWS10045

5 Rewrite each recurring decimal using the dot notation.

a 0.41666666 … b 0.27272727… c 0.111111 … d 0.1027510275 …
6 Rewrite each recurring decimal showing the repeated pattern.
: :: : : :
a 0:8583 b 0:045 c 0:7 d 0:461538
7 Convert each fraction to a recurring decimal. See Example 14

a 1 b 1 c 5 d 1 e 2
9 6 6 7 3
f 2 g 2 h 3 i 4 j 4
7 9 7 7 9
k 4 l 5 m 6 n 7 o 8
6 9 7 9 9
8 Copy and complete the table and notice the pattern.
Fraction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Decimal

7-10 Rounding decimals

Sometimes, to approximate an answer with many decimal places, we round to fewer decimal
places. We need to be able to round when working with money, measuring quantities or writing
answers to division calculations.

Summary
To round a decimal, ‘cut’ it at the required decimal place and look at the digit in the next place:
• if the digit is less than 5 (that is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4), round down
• if the digit is 5 or more (that is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9), round up

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Decimals

Example 15
Video tutorial
a Round 86.246 to:
Rounding decimals
i one decimal place ii two decimal places
MAT07NAVT10017
b Write 0.087 1245 correct to:
i one decimal place ii the nearest thousandth

Solution
----

a i 86.2 46

cut the next digit is 4 (less than 5), so round down

So 86.245  86.2 (correct to one decimal place).
----

ii 86.24 6

cut the next digit is 6 (more than 5), so round up to 86.25

So 86.246  86.25 (correct to two decimal places).
----

b i 0.0 87 1245

cut the next digit is 8 (more than 5), so round up to 0.1

0.087 1245  0.1
----

ii 0.087 1245

cut the next digit is 1 (less than 5), so round down

‘the nearest thousandth’ means 3 decimal places
0.087 1245  0.087

Summary
Rounding to:
• the nearest tenth ¼ one decimal place
• the nearest hundredth ¼ two decimal places
• the nearest thousandth ¼ three decimal places

Exercise 7-10 Rounding decimals

See Example 15 1 Write each decimal correct to one decimal place.
a 0.35 b 0.47 c 0.81 d 0.69
Extra questions e 2.55 f 0.32 g 0.90 h 2.88
Decimals, fractions
and rounding 2 Round each decimal to two decimal places.
MAT07NAEQ00021 a 0.481 b 0.736 c 0.069 d 0.293
e 0.309 f 0.655 g 2.096 h 3.995

3 Write each decimal correct to two decimal places.

a 25.3759 b 341.6143 c 420.8971
294 d 734.6541 e 27.359 94 f 1314.210 47 9780170188777
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4 Copy and complete this table. Use a calculator to help you.
Rounded to the Rounded to the
Question Calculator display nearest tenth nearest hundredth
a 12.19 4 3 4.0633333333 4.1 4.06
b 12.32 4 6
c 19.82 4 9
d 56.85 4 11
e 17.13 4 4
f 12.65 4 12
g 4.875 4 21
h 27.45 4 8
i 17 4 12
j 254.678 4 32

5 Round each number to four decimal places.

a 10.33374 b 431.54327 c 1.444 95
d 3217.654 061 e 4.67089 f 0.888 88

6 The answers to the following

problems are whole numbers but, for
particular reasons, some need to be
rounded up and some need to be
rounded down. Find each rounded
answer, giving the reason why you
rounded up or down.
a A box of chocolates with 44
chocolates is shared among a
family of 5 people. How many
chocolates does each person
receive?
b A new bathroom requires 32
square metres of tiles. A box of
tiles covers 0.8 square metres of area. How many boxes are
needed to tile the bathroom?
c A team of four golfers wins 27 new golf balls in a competition. How many does each
person receive?
d Some timber comes in 0.9 m lengths. How many lengths are needed to build a chicken
coop needing 23 m of timber?
e One dress requires 1.3 m of material. How many dresses can be made from a 5 m length
of material?
7 Write a decimal that could be rounded to:
a 2.718 b 0.8 c 25.6
8 Australia had 1c coins and 2c coins until 1990. After that, supermarket prices had to be
rounded to the nearest 5 cents. Find out how prices are rounded this way.

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Decimals

Technology Rounding decimals

This activity will show you how to format a cell so that its value is rounded to a specific number
of decimal places. Start a new spreadsheet.
1 Enter 748.61 into cell A1, x (for multiply) into cell A2 and 3.75 into cell A3.
2 Enter a formula into cell A4 for the product of A1 and A3 and bold your answer.
3 To round this answer to 1 decimal place, right-click on cell A4, choose Format Cells,
Number, and 1 decimal place.
4 Enter 748.61 into cell B1, / (for divide) into cell B2 and 3.75 into cell B3.
5 Enter a formula into cell B4 for B1 divided by B3 and bold your answer.
6 To round this answer to 2 decimal places, right-click on cell B4, choose Format Cells,
Number, and 2 decimal places.
7 Complete each calculation using your spreadsheet and creating appropriate formulas.
a 284.796 3 32.4 (round to 2 decimal places)
b 1217.9 4 45.6 (round to 3 decimal places)
c 1.15 4 1.5 (to 2 decimal places)
d 1604.12 4 0.02 3 4.578
e (8756.32  9025.198 þ 1023.5697) 4 1.444 (to 4 decimal places)
f (12.3 þ 6.59) 4 (56.4 3 0.04) (to 5 decimal places)

Just for the record The salami technique

When banks started using computers to keep track of
customers’ accounts, they left themselves open to a new
type of crime: computer theft. One such crime employs the
salami technique, where computer hackers steal a cent or a
fraction of a cent from many bank accounts. They round
down the decimal amount of an account balance (for
example $234.6523 would become $234.65) and the stolen
fraction of a cent ($0.0023) is deposited into the hacker’s
account, with no one noticing it missing. When this is done
to thousands of bank customers over a number of years,
a considerable amount of money can be accumulated.
Why do you think this type of crime is difficult to detect?
Why do you think it is called the ‘salami technique’?

Worked solutions 7-11 Decimal problems

Exercise 7-11

MAT07NAWS10046
Exercise 7-11 Decimal problems
Worksheet
1 Find the cost of 352 units of electricity at 25.3 cents per unit.
Shopping and change

MAT07NAWK10054
2 A farmer wants to fence a rectangular paddock. The paddock is 35.6 metres long and
20.85 metres wide. How many metres of fencing will be needed?
3 Mark buys golf balls for $4.85 each and sells them for $5.15 each. How much money does
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4 A drink bottle holds 0.6 litres. How many drink bottles can be filled from a tub that holds Worksheet
4.5 litres?
Calculating change
5 A car travels 110.3 kilometres on 7 litres of petrol. How many kilometres would the car travel MAT07NAWK00067
on one litre of petrol? (Give the answer to one decimal place.)
Homework sheet
6 Anja runs 3.8 kilometres each day of the week. How far does she run in one week?
Decimals revision
7 A long distance train is made up of a diesel MAT07NAHS10014
engine, two dining cars and 15 passenger
carriages. The engine has a mass of 20.2 Homework sheet

tonnes, each dining car has a mass of 14.35 Decimals 3

tonnes and each passenger carriage has a MAT07NAHS10013

mass of 13.96 tonnes. How heavy is the
TLF learning object
entire train?
Design a city (L123)

Extra questions

Money transactions
8 Samir is cutting shelves from a board which is 4.6 metres long. Each shelf needs to be
MAT07NAEQ00042
0.9 metres long. How many shelves can be cut?
9 Holly walks to work and back each day. She works six days a week and, in one week, walks
16.8 kilometres. How far is Holly’s apartment from work?
10 The table lists some Sydney FM radio stations and their allocated frequencies measured in
megahertz (MHz).
Station Frequency (MHz) Station Frequency (MHz)
C91.3 91.3 Hope 103.2
ABC Classic 92.9 2DAY 104.1
Classic Rock 95.3 Triple M 104.9
The Edge 96.1 Triple J 105.7
Nova 96.9 Mix 106.5
SBS 97.7 2SER 107.3
WS-FM 101.7

a Copy this number line, then locate the stations on it according to their frequencies.

90 100 110

b What is the frequency difference in megahertz between 2DAY and WS-FM?

c Find the smallest frequency difference between adjacent stations. (‘Adjacent’ means
side-by-side.)
d What is the largest difference in frequency between adjacent stations?
11 The following are calculator displays for amounts in dollars and cents. Rewrite each amount in
dollars and cents, to the nearest cent.
a b c d
15.236 6.8412 487.759318 1234.047126

12 A sheet of cardboard is 0.03 cm thick. How many sheets would be in a stack that is 3.6 cm high?

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Decimals

Technology Fruit and vegetables

In this activity, a spreadsheet is used to show a shopping list of items and to complete calculations
involving their cost.
1 Zoe did her fruit and vegetables shopping for the week. Enter the items into a spreadsheet,
as shown below. (Centre values, bold headings, include cell borders and $ signs for column
B values.)

2 Write a formula in cell D2 to calculate the cost of the oranges.

3 Use Fill Down to calculate the cost of each item purchased.
4 In cell C13, enter the label ‘Total cost’.
5 In cell D13, write a sum formula to find the cost of Zoe’s shopping.
6 In cell C14, enter the label ‘Cash’. In cell C15, enter the label ‘Change’.
7 If Zoe paid $60 for her shopping, enter this value into cell D14 and in cell D15 write a
formula to calculate the amount of change Zoe will receive.
8 Zoe paid cash, but because the change is an irregular amount, she could not be given the
amount in cell D15 in coins. In cell C16, enter the label ‘Rounded change’. In cell D16,
enter the amount of change Zoe will actually receive.
9 Create a spreadsheet with similar formatting to calculate a different shopping list.

Power plus

1 Copy and complete the table and notice the pattern.

Fraction 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
Decimal
:
2 Investigate the value of 0:9.
3 Evaluate each expression.
2 3 3
a (0.02)
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi b p
(0.02)
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi c p
(1.1)
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
d 0:04 e 0:36 f 3 0:027

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4 Wolf, the warrior, is trying to break a decimal code that will open the dungeon doors. He
has to free the prisoners before midnight so that they will not be turned into frogs by an
evil spell. Each castle door is operated by a combination lock. Use the following clues to
match the various combinations with the doors to the different rooms in the castle.
Combinations Rooms
8.262 Queen’s chamber
9.24 armoury
9.96 throne room
8.07 banquet hall
8.16 kitchen
8.79 dungeon

Clues
• Combination 9.24 opens a door to a room that deals with food.
• The combination to the armoury has a 6 in the hundredths place.
• The combinations of the throne room and the banquet hall add to 18.03.
• The Queen’s chamber has a combination that is bigger than 3.78 3 2.1 but smaller than
25.11 þ 3.1.
• The kitchen combination is one of the three largest combination numbers.
(Hint: The doors in the dungeon and the throne room remained locked when Wolf tried
9.96 and 8.262.)
5 Evaluate 28.98 4 1.2 without using a calculator.
6 Decide where the decimal points should be so that the numbers in the ovals fit the clues.
a The product of the two numbers is 91.02. 37 246
The sum of the numbers is 28.3.
b The sum of the three numbers is 14. 23 57 6
The product of the three numbers is 78.66.
c The sum of the four numbers is 28.32. 51 72
The product of two of the numbers is 3.672.
45 18
The product of the other two is 81.

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 Chapter 7 review

n Language of maths
Puzzle sheet ascending descending power of 10 tenth
Decimals crossword decimal estimate recurring decimal terminating decimal
MAT07NAPS10030 decimal place fraction round down thousandth
decimal point hundredth round up

1 What is the collective name for numbers such as 10, 100 and 1000?
2 ‘The bushfire decimated the possum population of the forest.’ Look up the meaning of the
word ‘decimate’.
3 What is a recurring dream or a recurring back pain? What does ‘recurring’ mean?
4 What happens when a train terminates at a station?
5 What is a ‘decimetre’?
6 How many decimal places do you round to if you are rounding to the nearest hundredth?

n Topic overview
Worksheet • What parts of this topic were new to you? What parts did you already know?
Mind map: Decimals
• Write any rules you have learnt about working with decimals.
• What parts of this topic did you not understand? Be specific. Talk to a friend or your teacher
MAT07NAWK10058
about them.
• Give three examples of where decimals are used.
Print (or copy) and complete this mind map of the topic, adding detail to its branches and using
pictures, symbols and colour where needed. Ask your teacher to check your work.

Ordering
decimals

Decimals and ON M+ +– AC
Rounding
fractions decimals

÷ 7 8 9 × Multiplying
and dividing
– 4 5 6

1 2 3 + Adding and
Terminating and
% subtracting
recurring decimals
0 =
Decimal
problems

300 9780170188777
 Chapter 7 revision

1 a Arrange 34.98, 36.86, 3.998, 38.141, 340, 34.89 in ascending order. See Exercise 7-01
b Arrange 1.015, 1.293, 1.1015, 1.239, 1.006 in descending order.
2 Convert each decimal to a simplified fraction. See Exercise 7-02

a 0.5 b 0.89 c 0.09 d 0.444

3 Convert each fraction to a decimal. See Exercise 7-02

a 4 b 13 c 7 d 11
10 100 100 1000
4 Evaluate each expression. See Exercise 7-03
a 12.35 þ 4.53 þ 0.56 þ 3.125 þ 24.7 þ 20.09 b 214.33  109.84
c 0.568 þ 23 þ 4.027  16.28 d 1600.8  562.9
e 1453.6 þ 1287.31  2344.4 f 9.23  6.851
5 Evaluate each expression. See Exercise 7-04
a 7.54 3 10 b 7.54 3 100 c 7.54 3 1000
d 13.9 4 10 e 13.9 4 100 f 13.9 4 1000
6 Given that 42 3 76 ¼ 3192, find: See Exercise 7-05
a 4.2 3 76 b 4.2 3 7.6 c 0.42 3 760
d 4.2 3 0.76 e 42 3 7.6 f 0.42 3 0.76
7 Evaluate each product. See Exercise 7-06
a 2.75 3 6 b 0.5 3 1.2 c 72.23 3 4
d 6.1 3 1.2 e 0.92 3 5 f 3 3 9.7
g 3.25 3 0.41 h 0.05 3 0.02 i 4.67 3 1.1
8 Evaluate each quotient. See Exercise 7-07

a 762.4 4 2 b 97.6 4 8 c 2.75 4 4 d 195.6 4 3

9 Evaluate each quotient. See Exercise 7-08

a 12.5 4 0.5 b 12.72 4 0.4 c 6.9 4 0.03 d 0.508 4 0.02

10 Convert each fraction to a decimal. See Exercise 7-09

a 4 b 3 c 5 d 2
5 8 9 3
11 Round each number to the given number of decimal places. See Exercise 7-10
a 406.28 to the nearest tenth b 125.724 to 2 decimal places
c 2345.876 to 1 decimal place d 3.8967 to the nearest hundredth
e 78 654.056 to 2 decimal places f 678.4309 to the nearest thousandth
12 The Liverpool Women’s Cricket Club is having a pizza night. They order 16 Super Supreme See Exercise 7-11
pizzas at $13.70 each and 10 Hawaiian pizzas at $12.10 each. How much will the club need to
spend?
13 Ray bought 800 bricks for $572.80. How much did one brick cost? See Exercise 7-11

14 Maria saved $90 to go to a rock concert. Her return fare cost $5.60, her concert ticket cost See Exercise 7-11
$48.95, the program cost $11 and food cost $8.70. She did not have enough to buy the band’s
latest compact disc (priced $24) after the concert. How much did she need to borrow from
her friend Sam to buy the disc?

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