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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Measures of Central Tendency and
Measures of Variability
Lesso Measures of Variability
n (Grouped and Ungrouped
3 Data)

Hello there! So, are you familiar with

the different measures of central
tendency? In this lesson, we will focus
on the different measure of variability.

We have a lot of different

formulas to learn today!

What I Know

Directions. Given the set of data, use your understanding on the

measures of central tendency to find the following question:

SET A – 4, 10, 12, 20, 24 SET B – 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

1. What is the mean of Set A? _______________________________________

How about Set B? ________________________________________________

2. Draw a number line of each of the Set and plot the data. Which set has
long line? Which set has short line?
 What’s In

Direction. GUIDED DISCOVERY. Complete the table by finding the

unknown values.

Grades of Grade 11 Students in Algebra

Values x− x ( x − x)
2
|x − x|
74
78
83
84
87
89
90
92
94
94
97

∑ (x − x)2 ∑|x − x|

Score Frequency Class fX (X −x) (X −x)² f ( X − x )²

(f) Mark (X) Mean=34.60
46-50 1
41-45 10
36-40 10
31-35 16
26-30 9
21-25 4
∑ f =¿ ¿ ∑ fX =¿ ¿ ∑ f ¿¿

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 What’s New

Activity 1. MATCHING DISCOVERY!

Direction. Match column A to column B that best describe each term.

Column A Column B

1. Range a. The degree of dispersion (spread) of data

points

in a distribution.

2. Variance b. The simplest measure of variability. It is the

difference between the largest value and the

smallest value.

3. Mean Deviation c. Determines each individual value in a data set

that deviates from the mean of the distribution.

4. Standard Deviation d. The degree to which the scores differ from

(vary

round) the mean.

5. Measure of e. The most important measure of dispersion. It

Variability differentiates sets of score with equal averages.

4.4.

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 What is It

Remember that the measures of

variability allow us to know how
spread our scores from the mean
and from each other. Always
remember that the lesser the
variability the more consistent the

Measures of Variability of Ungrouped Data

Activity 1. CONNECTIWORD: You are going to arrange the shuffled
letters by sequencing the clues indicated below the letter. Then, answer
the following questions.

G R
Mel has a raw
A E
And she
discovered N score of 5,7,8,9,10
in Math and a raw
She wants to
Simply
subtract the
that she So, she draws score of
determine highest.
doesn’t need a number line 3,7,8,9,10,11 in
which set of
to plot the and plot the English.
scores are
points. points. more spread.

Guide Questions:
1. What is the 1st word? __________________________

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 2. What will be the range of Mel scores in Math? In English?
_______________
Range = H – L
10 – 5 = 5 range in Math
11 – 3 = 8 range in English
3. Based on the range, which set has less spread? Math: 5
Note: The formula for the range of the Ungrouped Data is also applicable
to Grouped Data.

VI DE
AT Then, she

IO
continues The mean is 25
She adds all the and she
subtracting the
data in absolute subtracted
data to the mean Lastly, she
value and individual data of
and ensures to get come up with
divided the sum the mean
the absolute value equation of
by the number
of the result
of data

N AN
ME ∑ |x − x| So, she decided to get
Ann has a score of 10, 20, N the distance by
30, 40 in her math exam
determining first the
and she wants to find out
mean
the spread of her scores

Guide Questions:

1. What is the 2nd word?

__________________________________________________________
2. What did Ann find first? ________________________________________________
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 3. What is the mean? _____________________________________________________

In mean deviation, we are concerned with the distance of the

individual scores from the mean. Now we will add the difference of the x
and the mean. Then we will divide the sum by the number of items.

Scores (X) Mean |x −mean|

40 25 15

30 25 5

20 25 5

10 25 15

Solutions:

Formula : Mean Deviation=

∑|x − x|
N
40
MD= =10
4

A E
C She wants to
measure the
I Lastly, the
Then, she spread of her Then, she formula is
subtracted the
divides the sum
by the number
scores.
data to the ∑ ¿¿ ¿
of terms of the mean.
given data.

R A
N In order to the V She squares the
difference
find the spread, Veronica has a
She adds the between the
she first raw score of
squared data and the
determines the 50,52,54,56
numbers. mean.
mean.

Guide Questions:
1. What is the 3rd word?
___________________________________________________
2. What is the first step of Veronica in finding the spread of her scores?
___________________________________________________________________________

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 In letter V, it indicates that it is a raw score, is the data grouped or
ungrouped? The raw score is ungrouped data. After she find the
difference of the mean and the individual score, what did she do with the
result? So, if we will get the variance, we will create a table.
Score (X) Mean (X-mean) ¿

56 53 3 9

54 53 1 1

52 53 -1 1

50 53 -3 9

Solutions:

Variance=∑ ¿ ¿ ¿
20
V= =5
4

N DE DA
Hence, the
formula is
ST She squares the
difference
In order to find
the spread, she
first determines
Joanna has a between the data

√ ∑ (x − x)2
N
raw score of
50, 52, 54,
56.
and the mean. the mean.

AN
IO VI She wants to RD
Then, she finds
AT She adds
the squared
measure the
spread of the
Then, she
subtracted
Then, she scores.
the square root numbers. the data to
divides the
of the sum of the mean.
sum by the
the squares over number of
the number of terms of the
terms. given data.

Guide Questions:
1. What is the 4th word? _______________________________________________
2. Find the mean. ____________________________________________________
3. Create a table. _____________________________________________________

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 Now, add the summation of the squared data. Then, divide the sum by
the number of terms.

Scores (X) Mean (X-mean) ¿

56 53 3 9
54 53 1 1
52 53 -1 1
50 53 3 9

Solutions:

Standard Deviation=
√ ∑ ( x − x )2
N
Standard Deviation=
√ 20 = = 2.24
4
√5

Measures of Variability of Grouped Data

A I R E
C
Then, she Hence, the
After getting Then, she adds multiplies formula is

After that, she

the f(x), she
computes the
all f(x) to get the
summation of x.
the
frequency
∑ f ¿¿¿
multiply (f) by (x – mean using and the
mean)² and
∑ (fX ) midpoint of

V
divided by the each class
frequency of the ∑f interval to
sample data.
Jean creates a
frequency
get the f(x).
A
distribution of Then, she gets

N Class
Interva
Frequenc
y
the midpoint of
each interval.
She subtracts the midpoint to the l
mean (X-mean) and she squared the 31-35 5
result. 26-30 10
21-25 15

Guide Questions:
1. What is the 5th word? ______________________________________________
2. What is the first step? ____________________________________________

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 First step, find the class mark. By adding the two interval and dividing
it by the number of terms.

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 VI DA
AT AN
Then, she
She subtracts
N
multiplies the
the midpoint to frequency and
the mean (X- After that, she the midpoint of She wants
Hence, the mean) and she multiply (f) by each class
formula is squared the (x-mean)² and interval to get
√∑ f ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ result. divided by the
frequency of the
the f(x).
sample data.

ST RD
Rea creates a
frequency distribution
DE IO Then, she adds
all f(x) to get
of After getting
the f(x), she Then she finds the summation
Class Frequenc the square root
computes the of x.
Interva y of the sum of the
l (F) mean using
squares over the
31-35 5 ∑ (fX ) number of
26-30 10
21-25 15 ∑f terms.

Guide Question:

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What is the last word? ___________________________________________

Formula :Standard Deviation=∑ f ¿ ¿ ¿

What’s More

Independent Activity 1:
Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the
statement is incorrect. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. The measure of variability allows us to determine the spread of the

data. ___________________________
2. The greater the variability, the more consistent the scores.
___________________________
3. In finding the range of ungrouped data, we will subtract the highest
score to the lowest score. ___________________________
4. In finding the range of a grouped data, we will subtract the highest-
class mark to the lowest class mark. ___________________________

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 5. The first step in getting the variance of grouped data is to determine
the class boundary. ___________________________
6. In finding the mean deviation, it is important to get the absolute
value of (x – mean). ___________________________
7. In finding the variance, we need to get the square root the result of
(x-mean). ___________________________
8. The standard deviation (s) is the square root of the variance.
___________________________
9. If the standard deviation of a set of scores is low, then the scores
are spread out. ___________________________
10. The formula in getting the mean deviation (MD) of a grouped data

is
∑ |f (X − x )|. ___________________________
n

Independent Assessment 1:

Direction. Complete the table below and find the:

1.1 Standard Deviation
1.2 Variance
1.3 Range
x x-mean (x-mean)²

5 289

10

16 -6

19 9

24 2

26 16

29 7

30 8

12
 39 289

∑ (x − mean)²

Independent Activity 2:

Direction. Compute for the range, mean deviation, variance, and

standard deviation for the set of ungrouped data.
1. 20, 11, 9, 13, 21, 19, 19 Range = _______________________
2. 7, 12, 11, 8, 13, 9 Range = _______________________
3. 2, 7, 2.5, 3.2, 3.6, 3.8, 3.2, 2.3 Range = _______________________
4. 18, 17, 24, 17, 25, 24, 22, 24, 25 Range = _______________________
5. 20, 11, 9, 13, 21, 19, 19 Mean Deviation = ______________
6. 37, 28, 48, 50, 33, 35, 30, 29, 46, 40 Mean Deviation = ______________
7. 10, 3, 17, 15, 10 Variance = _____________________
8. 78, 81, 90, 75, 86, 87, 83, 80 Variance = _____________________
9. 1, 4, 9, 13, 21 Standard Deviation = ___________
10. 15, 17, 23, 23, 28, 33, 34, 36, 36, 36 Standard Deviation =
___________

Independent Assessment 2:

Direction. Complete the table and find the:

2.1 Variance
2.2 Standard Deviation

Score Frequency( Class fX X −x ¿ (X − x )² f (X − x )²

f) Mark Mean
(X) =
34.60
46-50 1 48 13.4 179.56

41-45 10 430 70.56

36-40 10 3.4 11.56 115.6

31-35 16 33 528

26-30 9 -6.6 392.04

21-25 4 23 -11.6 134.56

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 ∑ f =50 ∑ fX =1730 ∑ f ( X − x )2=¿ ¿

Independent Activity 3:

Direction. Compute the mean, range, mean deviation, variance, and

standard deviation of the given data set.

A={7 , 9 , 9 , 9 , 11,20 , 20 }

1. x = ___________________

2. R = ___________________

3. D x = ___________________

4. σ 2 = ___________________

5. σ = ___________________

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Independent Assessment 3:

Direction. Compute the mean, range, mean deviation, variance, and

standard deviation of the given data set.

Age of 50 Respondents
Age f
13-16 2
17-20 3
21-24 15
25-28 14
29-32 5
33-36 2
37-40 3
41-44 4
45-48 2

1. Mean Deviation ( D x ¿ = _________________________________

2. Variance (σ 2) = ________________________________________

3. Standard Deviation (σ ) = ________________________________

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What I Have Learned

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 What I can do
Directions. A. Solve for the range, mean deviation, variance, and
standard deviation of the ungrouped data shown below.

Waterfalls in the Philippines

Waterfalls Height (m)
Aliwagwag, Davao Oriental 338
Limunsudan, Lanao del Norte 265
Busay, Bohol 243
Abaga, Lanao del Norte 195
Tudaya, Davao del Sur 150
Tamaraw, Oriental Mindoro 129
Pagsanjan, Laguna 120
Maria Cristina, Lanao del Norte 98
Katibawasan, Camiguin Island 76
Tinago, Lanao del Norte 73

1. Range ____________________________________________________
2. Mean Deviation
____________________________________________________
3. Variance
____________________________________________________
4. Standard Deviation
____________________________________________________
5. What can you say about the heights of the waterfalls based on the
measures of variability you have computed?
_____________________________________

B. The heights of 30 randomly selected high school students are

presented in the table below.
Heights (cm) f
150-154 4
155-159 7
160-164 8
165-169 2
170-174 3
175-179 3
180-184 1
185-189 2

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1. What is the average height of the 30 randomly selected students?

2. What is the average distance of the heights to the mean?

3. If other group of 30 randomly selected high school students has the

same mean, can you conclude that the groups have the same height?
Why or why not?

4. What is the standard deviation of the distribution?

5. Are the heights of the students closely the same?

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 Assessment

Directions. Read the following questions and write the letter of the
correct answer in your activity notebook/paper.

1. The following data represents the hours worked over eight-week period:
36,40,40,42,40,50,40,44. Calculate the range for this set of data.
A. 14 C. 36
B. 40 D. 50

2. Which of the following is not a measure of variability?

A. mean C. standard deviation
B. variance D. range

3. The following are the scores you shot in five rounds of golf:
70,80,75,75,80. The variance is:
A. 3.74 C. 14
B. 196 D. 70

4. The variance and mean for a given set data is 25 and 64 respectively.
Calculate the standard deviation.
A. 625 C. 8
B. 2.56 D. 5

5. The age distribution of students enrolled in a first-year community

college program is:
Ages Frequency
18 5
19 10
20 40
21 45

Calculate the mean deviation from the mean for the above data.
A. 0.675 C. 19.5
B. 0.500 D. 0

6. Data were collected on the number of minutes spent cooking a meal.

The data are as follows: 8,10,15, 25, 30,40,12,20 and 19. What is the
range of this data?
A. 24 C. 32
B. 22 D. 48

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7. When would a student use a grouped frequency distribution to organize
the data she has collected?
A. When the data she is using is categorical.
B. When the range of the data is large.
C. When the range of the data is small.
D. When it is raining.

8. The more dispersed the data values in a particular data set are, the
smaller the variance and standard deviation.
A. true C. sometimes
B. false D. never

9. Gasoline prices (per litre) for the last five days were
0.60,0.65,0.70,0.65, and 0.65. What is the standard deviation?
A. 0.001 C. 0.65
B. 0.0050 D. 0.316

10. The following represent the property taxes paid on Oakville over the
past five years: $3600, $3500, $3450, $3300, $3050. What is the
average deviation from the mean?
A. $164 C. $820
B. $0 D. $550

Additional Activities

Direction. Write a short essay for your answer and share your thoughts
with the class next session.

Being systematic and orderly are the values being emphasized in

this lesson. Computing and solving measures of variability are easier
when you systematically compute the needed values to be substituted to
the formulas. As a student, how would you apply these values in your life?
What is the importance of learning these values and applying them in
real-life situations?

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Post Assessment
Directions. Read and understand each item carefully then choose the
letter of the correct answer from the choices. Write the letter of your
answer on the space provided before each number.

_____1. It is called as the midpoint of the classes.

A. Class Mark C. Lower Class Limit
B. Cumulative Frequency D. Upper Class Limit

_____2. What do you call the frequency whose classes are in increasing
order and the sum of the frequencies for that class and all previous
classes?
A. Class Mark C. Lower Class Limit
B. Cumulative Frequency D. Upper Class Limit

_____3. __________ is the midpoint of the data array. Before finding this
value, the data must be arranged in order, from least to greatest
or vice versa. It will either be a specific value or will fall between
two values.
A. Mode B. Range C. Mean D. Median

Use the table below for items 4 – 6.

Class Limit Frequency

52 – 64 6
63 – 75 12
74 – 86 25
85 – 97 18
96 – 108 14
107 - 119 5
_____4. What is the mean?
A. 83 B. 84 C. 85 D. 86
_____5. The median class is __________.
A. 63.5 – 74.5B. 74.5 – 85.5 C. 85.5 – 96.5D. 96.5 – 107.5
_____6. Find the mode of the grouped data.
A. 80.60 B. 81. 60 C. 80.65 D. 81.65

Use the problem for items 7 – 8. For 108 randomly selected Grade 7
students, the following IQ frequency distribution were obtained.

Class Limits Frequency

90 – 98 6
99 – 107 22
108 – 116 43
117 – 125 28
126 – 134 9
_____7. The variance of the set of data is __________.
A. 82.5 B. 82. 25 C. 80.5 D. 80.25
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_____8. What is the standard deviation of the set of data?
A. 9.07 B. 9.06 C. 9.05 D. 9.04

_____9. If the highest score obtained in an exam is 50 and the lowest score
obtained is 22, what is the range of the scores?
A. 22 B. 50 C. 72 D. 28

_____10. Stat scored 50, x, 42, 40 and 48 in his quizzes in Math. What
must be the value of x so that the average would be 45?
A. 45 B. 46 C. 47 D. 48

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