MODULE 2: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION
SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
AR12-98 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
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INTRODUCTION
• Project management includes planning, scheduling and control of project
activities to achieve performance, cost and time objectives for a given scope
of work while using resources efficiently and effectively
• Planning phase: listing of activities, gross requirements for various types of
resources, estimation for duration and costs for various activities
• Scheduling: laying out of activities of the project in the time order in which
they have to be completed. Resources needed at each stage and expected
completion time of each activities are calculated
• Control: analysis and correction of difference between schedule and actual
performance once the project commences
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SCHEDULING
• Scheduling in project management is the listing of activities, deliverables, and
milestones within a project
• A schedule usually includes the planned start and finish date, duration, and
resources assigned to each activity
• Scheduling process includes
• Define project activities.
• Sequence activities.
• Estimate resources.
• Estimate durations.
• Develop the project schedule.
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WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE
MODULE 2: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
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WORK BREAK DOWN STRUCTURE
• For effective planning, it is necessary to break down the total project
into sub-sections and activities
• WBS- Technique to determine the functional elements of a project
and their inter-relationship
• Establishes the hierarchical order in a system by breaking the project
into recognizable systems, sub systems and discrete activities.
• Objective is to identify discrete activities or tasks that can be
planned, estimated, scheduled, executed and controlled for
completion.
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Compound
wall
Excavation Lean concrete Masonry in D.P.C Masonry in Pointing Coping
in foundation foundation super structure
Work Breakdown Structure of compound wall construction
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BAR CHART / GANTT CHART
MODULE 2: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
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GANTT CHARTS
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GANTT CHARTS
• Pictorial representation
• Also known as bar chart
• Developed by Henry Gantt around 1900
• Two coordinate axes, one representing time and other representing jobs or
activities performed
• Length of bar indicates duration of the job
• Concurrent jobs: bars run parallel and overlap time wise
• Activity succeeds a preceding activity: bars run serially with one beginning
where other ends
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STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
• BREAK DOWN the project into its various activities or jobs or operations,
each representing manageable unit for planning and control.
• DECIDE the method to be employed in execution of the project, as well as
for each activity or operation or task; also decide above the sequence in
which the activities are to be completed.
• ASSIGN duration of time for the completion of each activity. Once the
activities are separated and choice of method is made, it is possible to
estimate the time required for the completion of each activity.
• REPRESENT the above information in the bar chart, indicating the relative
positions of the each activity.
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GANTT CHARTS
• Advantages
• Information can be passed down with no special knowledge on how to
read the chart
• Valuable medium for displaying job schedule information
• Easy and convenient way to monitor job progress and record project
advancement
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GANTT CHARTS
• Disadvantages:
• Incapable of depicting with accuracy the interdependency
among various activities.
• Will not provide any information regarding number of activities
affected by delay in any one activity
• Cannot be used as a control device as it does not show progress
of work
• Does not reflect uncertainty or tolerances in duration estimated
for various activities
• Cannot identify critical activities
• Inadequate for project shortening, resource management, and
other project management methods.
• No indication where management attention should be focused
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GANTT CHARTS
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MILESTONE CHARTS
• Modification of bar chart by • These milestones are plotted
adding a new element – milestone against a time scale, indicating
their achievement by specified
• Milestones are key events or points dates
in time which can be identified
when completed as the project
• Disadvantage:
progresses. • Does not depict interdependencies
between events
• A bar in the gantt chart is broken
down to several pieces, each of
which stands for an identifiable
major event.
• Points to be noted:
• Long time jobs are identified in
terms of specific events or
milestone
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NETWORK REPRESENTATION
MODULE 2: INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES
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• Outcome in the improvements of the milestone chart
• Represents the steps of the project graphically in the form of a network or
arrow diagram
• Advantages of network diagram
• Clearly shows the inter relationships between milestones (events)
• Project viewed as an integrated whole, consisting of a number of milestone
(events). Helps in controlling the project
• Can be used even for highly complicated projects with large number of activities
• Directly indicates the time required between two milestones or activities which
helps in rescheduling
• Network diagrams allows for the use of probability theories for time estimation
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