Techniques for Urban

UNIT 3 URBAN LAND USE PLANNING Planning

Structure
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Land Use Planning – Meaning and Types
3.3 Objectives, Processes and Steps in Land Use Planning
3.4 Principles of Land Use Planning
3.5 Key Legislations on Land Use Planning
3.6 Urban Land Use and Legend
3.7 Let Us Sum Up
3.8 References and Selected Readings
3.9 Check Your Progress - Possible Answers

3.1 INTRODUCTION
Land is one of the most precious assets in any nation-state. Judicious utilization
of land in general, and that of urban areas in particular is critical. In recent years,
many states in India have been facing problems in designing the appropriate use
of urban land.

The improper use of land in metropolitan cities has given rise to urban conflict.
This unit will enable you to acquire knowledge on urban land use planning.
After reading this unit you will be able to:
• Explain the meaning and types of urban land use planning;
• Narrate the objectives and processes of land use planning;
• Discuss the principles of urban land use planning;
• Describe various legislations on land use planning; and
• Prepare legends on land use planning.

3.2 LAND USE PLANNING – MEANING AND

TYPES
Land is required for various uses in both the urban and rural areas of all societies.
It is one of the most important and immovable asset of an individual and also
that of the nation-states. It is a major factor of production and a vital element in
the socio-economic development of any country or society.

3.2.1 Meaning of Land Use Planning

Land use refers to the use of the land in urban areas, i.e., cities and towns. In case
of areas beyond the city limits into the hinterland of the city, the uses the land is
put to, is referred to as Land utilization. The categories of land utilization are
agricultural land, fallow land, forest areas, areas under settlements including
urban and rural settlements, etc.
Before knowing about the meaning of land use planning, you should know some
important concepts such as the land use plan and the land use map. A land use
43
Urban Planning plan is a guide for the location and intensity of future development in a community.
It is a part of a comprehensive plan which deals with the interrelationship between
the different land uses. It designates the present and future location, form, class
and extent (size) within a planning jurisdiction for residential, commercial,
industrial, and institutional (public areas and buildings) use or reuse. The land
use plan includes a map and a written description of the different land use areas
or districts. A land use map geographically and specifically locates existing and
future land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional
(public areas and buildings) that has been established in the land use plan. The
land use plan serves as the guide for official land use decisions. Zoning is one
means of implementing a land use plan. A land use plan is part of a Master Plan
that is formulated for the city for its planned development and to guide the
development of the city in the future.

Land use planning is the term used for a branch of public policy, which
encompasses various disciplines, which seek to order and regulate the use of
land in an efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land use conflicts. In most
developed countries, land use planning is an important part of social policy,
ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider economy and
population as well as to protect the environment. According to Magigi and Majani,
land use planning refers to future-oriented and uses of the broad categories of
land which introduces a degree of uncertainty about the specific type and scale
of land use on a given piece of land. According to another definition, land use
planning is a public policy exercise that designates and regulates the use of land
in order to improve a community’s physical, economic and social efficiency and
well-being. By considering socio-economic trends and physical and geographical
features, planning helps identify the preferred land uses that will support local
development.

3.2.2 Typology of Land Use

Land in an urban area i.e., a city or a town, is put to use for different purposes:
living areas, working areas, recreational areas, areas for provision of education,
for movement, etc.
The land uses can be categorized as follows:
i) Residential use- includes residential areas of varying densities.
ii) Commercial use- includes commercial establishments i.e., retail shops,
wholesale and warehousing i.e., storage areas and hotels. Retail commerce
at various levels includes local shopping centres to community centres to
district centres.
iii) Industrial use- includes manufacturing, service, and repair industry.
iv) Recreational use- includes parks at various levels i.e., community parks,
city parks, district parks, and historical monuments.
v) Public and semi public use- includes
i) Educational facilities, health facilities, socio-cultural and civic/
community facilities at various hierarchical levels. Educational facilities
at all levels include nursery schools, primary schools, senior secondary
schools, higher secondary schools, colleges and universities in ascending
order;
44
 ii) Health facilities include dispensary, health centres and hospitals; Urban Land Use Planning

iii) Socio-cultural and civic/ community facilities include religious buildings,

socio-cultural centres, clubs, police stations, fire stations, burial grounds/
cremation grounds, sports facilities, stadium, sports centres;
iv) Government offices, courts, etc., are part of the area categorized as
government use;
v) Areas categorized as Green Belt and Water Bodies include rivers, lakes,
city forest, etc.
vi) Transportation includes roads, including national highways, state
highways, arterial roads, collector roads, bye passes, roads in residential
colonies, etc. ;railways, bus depots and bus terminals, truck terminals,
mass rapid transportation systems including bus rapid transit (BRT)
routes, light rail transit (LRT) routes, metro routes, airports; and
vii) Areas categorized as Utility include water treatment plants, sewerage
treatment plants, electricity generation plants, electricity substations,
sanitary land fills, etc.

3.3 OBJECTIVES, PROCESSES AND STEPS IN

LAND USE PLANNING
3.3.1 Objectives and Processes
Land use planning provides the prerequisites for achieving a sustainable form of
land use that is acceptable as far as the social and environmental contexts are
concerned and is desired by society, while making sound economic sense. Land
use planning in the context of technical co-operation is an iterative process based
on dialogue amongst all participants.

Land use planning is, first and foremost, a process of clarification and
understanding between people who, together, wish to change something and
prepare future actions systematically. In the process, the elements of a plan are
worked out co-operatively. Planning needs to start with a vision for the city. The
core part of a planning process is, therefore, a commonly desired objective to be
achieved by implementing the plan. Time planning is linked to the physical/
geographic/ecological planning of areas, and the two are mutually dependent. A
major task of land use planning is to accompany and motivate the participants
and those who will be affected, in order to attain a conciliation of interests
concerning land resources, types, and extent of land use. The dialogue-orientated
learning and negotiation process amongst participants leads to the development
of their planning capacities and to sustaining co-operative relations at a local
level. Participants in land use planning are direct and indirect land users, as well
as those affected by the consequences of land use activities. People who often
have political or economic influence form another group; this includes authorities,
organizations, middlemen and women, processing industries for agricultural
products, etc. However, the most important target group in land use planning is
made up of the direct land users.

The Land Use Planning process covers all steps extending from setting up of
vision, formulating objectives, generating information base, processing, analysis,
discussion and evaluation, right up to the negotiation for a consensus concerning
45
Urban Planning the form of land use to be practiced. This includes the prerequisites for preparing,
initiating and implementing the plan. New developments and knowledge gained
during the planning process should be incorporated and may require revision
and updating. This may result in a repetition of steps, which have already been
taken and, e.g., can mean a renewed data collection, analysis, discussion and
decision.

Land use is considered to be sustainable when it is both socially and

environmentally compatible desired by the society, technically viable and when
it makes economic sense.It sets in motion social processes of decision making
and consensus building concerning the use and protection of private, common
or public areas. The objectives of land use planning at different levels of planning
are given in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Objectives and Responsibilities in Land Use Planning(LUP)

According to Planning Levels
Planning Objective of LUP Responsibilities
Level
National • Guidelines for policies on conservation and • Relevant ministries
resources use; or technical
• Normative directives for the use of resources: authorities and
legal framework (land and planning rights); organisations;
• Drafting national programmes for the use and • Inter-ministerial
protection of land resources (tropical forest committees.
action plan, desertification control
programmes, investment guidelines);
• Integration of directives relevant to LUP;
• Establishment of national conservation areas
(national parks);
• Co-ordination of activities also relevant to
LUP (comprehensive spatial planning);
• Considering and transmitting the need for
action articulated at lower level.
Federal • Political and administrative acceptance of • Political and
State/ LUP activities; administrative
Province • Establishment of institutional and committees;
organisational structures; • Governmental and
• Translating national and regional guidelines non-governmental
(comprehensive spatial planning, regional technical services
and sectoral planning into strategies; and sectoral
• Formulating basic directives of LUP at lower agencies.
level (translating regional guidelines into • Political and
strategies); administrative
• Identifying areas with potentials and areas committees;
with risks;
• Establishing protected areas;
• Co-ordination of activities relevant to LUP;
• Considering and transmitting the need for
action articulated at lower level.
Region/ • Regulation of land use and of checking • Forum with
District procedures; responsibility for
• Establishment of technical services; application of
guidelines;
46
 Urban Land Use Planning
• Training for participants (capacity • Governmental and
building); non-governmental
• Promoting dialogue; technical services.
• Putting strategies for land use in concrete
terms;
• Offering solutions to problems (problem
resolution platform);
• Establishment of mechanisms for
transmitting the needs identified at lower
level.
Community/ • Conciliation of interests; • Socially accepted
Village • Offering solutions to problems, committee;
establishing institutions dealing with LUP • Planning group as
issues; service unit of the
• (if necessary based on a traditional higher level
system); (including local
• Decisions on the implementation of LUP; experts and
• Including farms/households in the LUP facilitators).
process;
• Articulating the need for action for superior
levels.
Farming • Organisation and planning of living area • Farmer’s family.
Household and area for other land uses.
Agricultural
Operation
Individual • Satisfying individual needs by using land. • Individual.

3.3.2 Steps in Land use Planning

The following steps are needed to be followed during land using planning
Step-1: Establishment of goals and terms of reference
Step-2: Organization of work
Step-3: analyse the problems
Step-4: Identify opportunity for change
Step-5: Evaluate land suitability
Step-6: Appraise the ulternatives: environmental, economic and social analysis
Step-7: Choose the best option
Step-8: prepare the land use plan
Step-9: Implement the plan
Step-10:Moniter and revise the plan
Step-1: Establishment of goals and terms of reference: At the outset the decision-
maker and the representative of the people has to sit down and discuss various
problems of the area. Later on, the planner has to prepare a goal as how a land-
use plan be helpful. Some of the procedures needed to be followed in this stages
are defining plan area, contacting the people of the area, gathering basic
information about the area, and then establishing the goals.

47
Urban Planning Step-2: Organization of work: The tasks those are required to be performed
durning this stage are identification of participants, assemble of materials,
arrangement of venue, support staff and transport. The bar chart is a clear way of
displaying the work plan.
Step-3: analyse the problems: It is a big-setp,which will include detailed technical
aspects of land-use planning. Here existing land-use situation has to be analysed
and compared with the development goals and this can be done by identification
of land units and land-use system.
Step-4: Identify opportunity for change: When the problems needing attention
are known, then the planner has to consider what can be sone to solve or meliorate
these problems. It requires a coordinated effort between the planning team, land
users and decision makers.
Step-5: Evaluate land suitability: This step is the central part of land evaluation.
Here two main things has to be taken into consideration i.e. which areas of land
are best suited? And which kind of us is it bese suited?. Here also selection of
land qualities and characteristics have to be taken into consideration.
Step-6: Appraise the ulternatives: environmental, economic and social analysis:
Besides the physical evaluation, an assessement has to be made for the sustaibable
land use. Here the appraisal of environment economic and social conditions re
crucial to land use planning. Some of the aspects to be taken into consideration
while assessing environmental impact are soil and water resources, pasture and
forest resources, quality of wildlife habitat, etc. the economic analysis way include
quantification of land use practice that is use of land for cultivation, etc. The
social impact is usually calculated on the basic of population, access to basic
needs, employment and income opportunities, etc.
Step-7: Choose the best option: Here after considering all these aspects, the
planner and decision maker has to chose the best option available.
Step-8: prepare the land use plan: In this step the planner has to prepare a land
use plan for implementation. The map with the legends and writing the plan in
more detail are done in this stage. The usual format of the plan include: (i) title;
(ii) summary; (iii) introduction; (iv) management problems and opportunities;
(v) direction; (vi) monitoring and revision; (vii) work plan for implementation
and (viii) appendixes.
Step-9: Implement the plan: The planning team in this stage ensure that the
measures recommended in the plan are correctly understand and put into practice
by the implementing agency. Representatives of the planning team form an
essential link between planning and implementation.
Step -10: Moniter and revise the plan: Once the planning process comes full
circle the planning team monitor the plan. During monitoring following key
aspects are taken into consideration:
Are the land-use activities being carried out as planned?
Are the effects as predicted?
Are the costs as predicted?
Have the assumptions on which the plan was based proved to tbe correct?
48 Are the goals still valid?
How far are the goals being achieved? Urban Land Use Planning

After monitoring the above said aspects, the planner makes necessary revision
in the plan.
After reading this section, you would have gained some idea about land use
planning. Now you should be able to answer the questions given in Check Your
Progress 1.

Check Your Progress 1

Note: a) Write your answer in the space given below.
b) Compare your answer with those given at the end of the unit.
1) Name the different categories in which land use can be categorized?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
2) What are the objectives of land use planning at the community level?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

3.4 PRINCIPLES OF LAND USE PLANNING

Various principles of land use planning are discussed below:
i) Land use planning should be context specific, i.e., oriented to local
conditions or for a city in particular, both in terms of method and content

Land use planning is not a standardized procedure that is uniform in its application
worldwide. Its content is based on an initial regional or local situation analysis
and checking on the applicability of the approach on the particular city/town.
Planning approaches for any particular city or town often fail because global
models, approaches and implementation strategies are applied to cities or towns
without any considerations of the baseline situation and characteristics of the
area.
ii) Land use planning for developing new sites for urban settlements should
be based on an assessment of the suitability of the land for various urban
uses
A city is a dynamic and continuously growing organism. It engulfs adjoining
lands to meet the demands for new development. The land to be developed for
49
Urban Planning urban expansion needs to be assessed for suitability for urban development. The
suitability of the land for urban uses is based on the assessment of landform or
slope, drainage characteristics, groundwater resources, soil productivity, water
bodies, present use of the land, i.e., agriculture, forests, etc. This process ensures
that steep slopes, water bodies, wetlands, productive agricultural lands, dense
forest areas, heritage areas are not taken up for urban development and are
conserved. It aims at a sustainable form of land use for urban development.
iii) Land use planning is an iterative process; it should be flexible and open
based on new findings and changing conditions
The city is a dynamic entity; it changes and develops with time. Land use planning
is more than the preparation of a planning document. It is an iterative process in
terms of both the principle and the method simultaneously. New developments
and findings are observed and incorporated into the planning process. It may
lead to the revision of decision and the repetition of steps already taken.

iv) Land use planning should be implementation-oriented

Land use planning (LUP) has to consider how the negotiated decisions and the
solutions identified are to be implemented. LUP does not end with the land use
plan. The implementation of limited measures (e.g., the development of
cultivation techniques which conserve land resources) right at the outset, or
parallel to the LUP process, plays an important role in increasing the trust of the
people in the village as far as the planning process is concerned.

v) Land use planning should be based on an interdisciplinary approach

Land use planning should be based on an interdisciplinary approach that considers
the ecological, economic, technical, financial, social and cultural dimensions of
land use. Land use planning provides many interfaces with other technical
disciplines and planning fields.

vi) Adherence to prerequisites for Land use Planning

The local preconditions that are necessary for land use planning are as follows:
• the existence of a clearly defined need;
• availability of information on national and regional plans;
• directives and regulations; as well as their analysis and consideration during
implementation;
• clarification of work to be accomplished and responsibilities during the
implementation, as well as a realistic time plan, in which the priorities of the
stakeholders must be taken into account;
• ensuring the necessary extension and financial services;
• using all alternatives of compensation where use is going to be restricted.
vii) Ascertain prerequisites for implementation of the Land use Plan
In order to implement the land use plan, certain prerequisites are required.
Essentially, the framework of the general conditions prescribes these: the extent
to which the framework of general conditions can or cannot be influenced by the
project is dependant on the case. To a limited extent, the implementation of a
land use plan will always have repercussions on the general conditions. These
50 can have also negative effects and must be considered from the beginning and
avoided as far as possible. The framework of general conditions in LUP considers Urban Land Use Planning
land law, the situation of the natural resources, the interests of the participants,
the economic system, the equipment of the responsible organizations in terms of
materials and staff, or the traditional value systems of the target population. In
conjunction with the need, clear objectives shared by all participants and involved
parties resulting from negotiation processes are also imperative.

viii) Land use planning should take into account traditional strategies for
solving problems and conflicts
Traditional urban and rural societies have their own way of approaching problems
and settling conflicts concerning land use. In the process of land use planning,
such mechanisms have to be recognized, understood, and taken into account.
ix) Land use planning should consider cultural viewpoints and buildup on
local environmental knowledge
Local knowledge, i.e., complex indigenous knowledge of the environment often
provided by a city or a town or villages in the city should be part of the basis for
planning and implementing a sustainable land use.
x) Land use planning should consider urban development to be a “bottom-
up” process, based on perceptions of the local population
Planning is not just a matter for experts, planners, and professionals but should
be carried out together with those who will be affected by it. The people should
actively participate in the process of land use planning. People who are affected
have to be involved in the planning process from the initial stages of plan
preparation and also need to be involved in the subsequent stages also in order to
ensure a feeling of ownership concerning self-help activities. Plans would get
implemented if the opinions and suggestions of the people are considered in the
planning process. The results of planning and implementation of measures can
then only be sustainable.

The local population often perceives environmental risks differently from

authorities, consultants, or technical specialists. Dangers to, or the destruction
of, land resources often do not become a critically recognized issue until they
actually influence the land use. Any potential risk to the environment should,
therefore, be discussed in the problem analysis stage by the different interest
groups. The risks should be evaluated and taken into account both at the planning
stage and during the plan implementation. The problems and needs expressed by
the local population may be the result and consequence of environmental problems
already perceived. In this case, the causes must be identified and weighed up
during the participatory problem analysis in order propose appropriate solution
strategies during the planning process. The basis for determining the need for
land use planning is the problem analysis, during which the causes and
interconnected causes are being identified, analyzed, evaluated and discussed.
xi) Land use planning is a dialogue; it should create the prerequisites for
the successful negotiation and co-operation among stakeholders
The core task of land use planning consists of initiating a process of
communication and co-operation that allows all participants to formulate their
interests and objectives in the dialogue. On the basis of sound decisions, a
sustainable form of land use is proposed whereby the aims and interests of other
51
Urban Planning participating groups are taken into account to the greatest possible extent. An
important element of participation-oriented Land use Planning is the identification
of the various groups of participants and differentiating them in terms of their
use of and access to land resources. In addition, their position on the social scale
(gender approach) and their capacities, either as stakeholders, or, as members of
authorities and of other organizations has to be considered.
xii) Land use planning should be based on an effective feed forward process
so as to achieve desired feedback. Therefore, free access to information
for all participants is a prerequisite
An effective feed forward process is imperative in order to achieve proper
feedback from stakeholders. Feed forward process entails informing the people
about the plan at the right time. The extent to which stakeholders are informed,
strengthen both their willingness and capacity to participate in planning and
decision-making. It increases the motivation of the people for creating sustainable
results. An open exchange of information leads to discussions about objectives
among the key figures and promotes the willingness to reach a consensus. The
dissemination of information in the local language(s) contributes to an improved
transparency. In addition, it strengthens the trust of the population in land use
planning activities.

xiii) Stakeholder identification, i.e., representation from various interest

groups, is an important principle in land use planning
A prerequisite for realistic land use planning is the detailed analysis of the various
interest groups. Since there are differences in interests specific to gender (i.e.,
men and women), age (young and old people), income (i.e., low income and
high income communities), capability (i.e., disabled and differently abled groups),
approaches (i.e., entrepreneurs, conservationists), etc., the aim is to uncover the
various interests of the participants in order to identify different priorities
concerning the planning of land use, and to create a basis for the negotiation and
decision-making process.
xiv) Land use planning is a process leading to an improvement in the
capacity of the participants to plan and take actions
The participatory methods used in all planning steps of land use planning promote
the technical and organizational capabilities of all participants, thereby extending
their capacity to plan and to act. In the medium term, this qualification process
leads to an improvement in the capacity of local groups for self-determination.

3.5 KEY LEGISLATIONS ON LAND USE

PLANNING
A master plan is a statutory instrument for guiding planned development and
regulating improvement of towns and cities over a period of time, and contributes
to development conceptually rather than operationally. The master plans are
detailed out through zonal plans and layout plans. The focus of a master plan is
primarily on land use planning. The master plan came into being through the
Town and Country Planning Act of 1947 in the U.K. The Town Improvement
Acts were formulated for various states of India. Master plans are formulated by
development authorities of the particular cities. The development authorities are
also guided by the respective Development Authority Act, e.g., DDA (Delhi
52
Development Authority Act). The Delhi Development Authority came into being Urban Land Use Planning
in 1957 under the provision of the Delhi Development Act (1957), “to promote
and secure the development of Delhi”.

The Improvement Trust Act was modeled not only on the Glasgow City
Improvement Act but also on the Bombay Port Trust Act of 1873. The mandate
of the Act included clearance of blighted areas, street improvement schemes,
provision of housing for displaced persons and plots with development control
in reclaimed or other lands. Since most of the Town Improvement Acts of various
states did not have provisions for preparation of a master plan, a Model Town
and Regional Planning and Development Law, which formed the basis for various
State Town and Country Planning Acts, was enacted by the State Governments.
The municipal corporations and municipalities are fully representative bodies,
while the notified area committees and town area committees are either fully or
partially nominated bodies.

3.6 URBAN LAND USE AND LEGEND

The use of legends is important for sketching any plan, particularly a land use
plan. Various colors’ depict different uses of land. There are two sets of colour
codes for land uses. Some states have adopted one colour code and some states,
another colour code.

53
Urban Planning

54
In one code. Red is used for commercial use, whereas; in the other colour code, Urban Land Use Planning
red is used to represent institutional use. Yellow is used for residential use for
both sets of colour codes. Blue colour is used for institutional use/public and
semi public use in one set of colour code, whereas in the other code, blue colour
is used for commercial use. The land use maps of three cities namely Delhi,
Bangalore, and Chennai are given and the changes in the legends used can be
distinctly seen.

Master Plan of Bangalore (Land Use Map 2003)

Historical centre
BDA
Political centre
Commerical centre Main road
Highly mized zone Railway
Medium mized zone
Railway station
Predominantly residential
New layout Airport
Area not urbanised
Industrial area
IT dominant zone
Mutation axis
Commerical axis
Logistic zone
Main civic amenities
Defence
Public industrial complex 55
Urban Planning Master Plan of Chennai (Existing Land Use Map Cma 2006)

CMA boundary
City boundary
Taluk boundary
Village boundary
National highways
Railway line
Inner ring road
NH bye pass road
Residential
Commercial
Institutional
Industrial
OSR
Water body
Agricultural
Forest
Low lying
Brick kiln
non urban
56 Hill
After reading this section, you would have gained some idea about land use Urban Land Use Planning
planning. Now you should be able to answer the questions given in Check Your
Progress 2.

Check Your Progress 2

Note: a) Write your answer in the space given below.
b) Compare your answer with those given at the end of the unit.
1) Land Use Planning should be implementation oriented. Explain.
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
2) What are the steps for land use planning?
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

3.7 LET US SUM UP

Urban land use planning is an important component of urban planning. Land,
one of the important physical resources of a state, must be properly utilized in
order to check wastage.

In this unit you read about the need and importance of land use planning, its
processes and principles and also about various legends used in land use planning
of a few major cities in India. You must now be sure how important land use
planning is for urban development.

3.8 REFERENCES AND SELECTED READINGS

B. Amler, D. Betke, H. Eger, C.Ehrich,A. Kohler, A. Kutter, A. Von Lossau,U.
Müller,S. Seidemann, R. Steurer (1999) Land Use Planning Methods, Strategies
and Tools, GTZ, 65726 Eschborn, Germany.
W. Zimmermann(1999): UniversumVerlagsanstalt, Eschborn.
SulabhaBrahme, 3 Critical issues in land - use planning in india;Pune,http//
www.ncap.res.in
Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_Acquisition_Act#Notification; 7.9.10
http://www.regionalplan-mmrda.org/N-9.pdf; 8.9.10
Kenneth p. Davis (1952):Land Use;; yale university;1952
FAO Corporate Document Repository, www.fao.org/docrep/T0715E/to715e04.htm 57
Urban Planning
3.9 CHECK YOUR PROGRESS-POSSIBLE
ANSWERS
Check Your Progress 1

1) Land uses can be categorized as follows:

i) Residential use
ii) Commercial use
iii) Industrial use
iv) Recreational use.
v) Public and Semi public use.
2) Land use planning at community level has the following objectives:
• Conciliation of interests
• Offering solutions to problems
• Establishing institutions dealing with land use planning issues
• Decisions on implementation of land use planning
• Including farms, households in land use planning process
• Articulating the need of action for superior levels.
Check Your Progress 2
1) Land use planning has to consider how the negotiated decisions and the
solutions identified are to be implemented. LUP does not end with the land
use plan. The implementation of limited measures (e.g., the development of
cultivation techniques which conserve land resources) right at the outset, or
parallel to the LUP process, plays an important role in increasing the trust of
the people in the village as far as the planning process is concerned.
2) The following steps are needed to be followed during land using planning
Step-1: Establishment of goals and terms of reference
Step-2: Organization of work
Step-3: Analyse the problems
Step-4: Identify opportunity for change
Step-5: Evaluate land suitability
Step-6: Appraise the ulternatives: environmental, economic and social
analysis
Step-7: Choose the best option
Step-8: Prepare the land use plan
Step-9: Implement the plan
Step-10:Moniter and revise the plan

58