Biology
(level 1)
Lab. 1
Microscope
Dr. Salah Al-Gaafari
Academic year 2023-2034
Academic year 2023-2034
Microscope
Microscope: Instrument that produces enlarged images of
small objects, this allows a close-up view of fine structures.
Types of microscopes:
1- Light microscope:
A type of microscope that commonly
uses visible light and a system of lenses to
generate magnified images of small. objects.
Types of light microscope:
a- Simple light microscope: b- Compound light microscope:
Use a single lens to magnify an Containing two optical systems in
object and cannot reach high a compound microscope:
magnification.. Eyepiece Lenses and Objective
Lenses.
Types of light microscope:
c- Stereo or dissecting microscope:
A stereo microscope is an optical
microscope that provides a 3D view
of specimen. Use to examine solid
or thick samples.
Types of light microscope:
2- Electron microscope:
It is a microscope that use a beam
of electrons rather than visible
light to illuminate the sample.
Parts Compound light microscope:
Parts of Compound light microscope
Parts of Compound light microscope:
1. Ocular lens or Eyepiece: is what you look through at the top of the microscope. Typically, standard
eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x.
2. Diopter adjustment: A horizontal adjustment of the oculars. Adjust for you.
3. Nosepiece: Is the circular structure where the various objective lenses are screwed in.
4. Objective Lenses: Are the primary optical lenses. They range from 4x-100x and typically, include,
three, four or five on lens on most microscopes.
OBJECTIVE POWER OBJECTIVE NAME
4X SCANNING
10X LOW POWER
40X HIGH POWER
100X OIL IMMERSION
5. Arm: A support for the upper portion of the scope. It also serves as a convenient carrying handle.
6. Mechanical stage: is where the specimen to be viewed is placed.
Parts of Compound light microscope :
7. Stage Clamp: A clamp to hold the slide on the stage.
8. Stage Controls: A geared device to move the slide (placed in the slide clamp).
9. A geared device to move the slide (placed in the slide clamp).
10. Aperture: Is the hole in the stage through which the base.
11. Diaphragm: Controls the amount of light reaching the specimen,
12. Condenser: Is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen.
13. Coarse Adjustment knob: A rapid control which allows for quick focusing by moving the objective lens
or stage up and down. It is used for initial focusing.
14. Fine Adjustment Knob: A slow but precise control used to fine focus image when viewing at the higher
magnifications.
15. Lamp: The light source.
16. brightness adjustment: Adjusts the intensity of the light bulb.
17. Base: The part of microscope that sits on a level, stable support.
18. Lamp switch: Turns the lamp “on” and “off”.
Procedure for making a wet-mount slide
When making your own wet-mount slides, you will want to follow
these directions:
1. Collect a thin slice of your sample and place it on a clean, dry
slide.
2. Place one drop of water over your sample. (don’t use too much
water.
3. Place the coverslip at a 45-degree angle with one edge touching
the water.
4. Let go the coverslip, will fall over the sample and be held in
place by surface tension.
5. The slide is ready to view.
Procedure for making a wet-mount slide
