PM SHRI KENDRIYA

VIDYALAYA, BARPETA

Submitted to:

Radheshyam (PGT Physical Education)

Submitted by:

Name: Kunal
Kashyap Class:
12th
Roll no. :
Subject: Physical Education
Subject Code: 048
 Contents
1. Acknowledgement to the Principal

2. Acknowledgement to the Subject Teacher

3. Certificate by Examiner

4. Certificate by Subject Teacher

5. Friction in Sports

6. Types of Friction

7. The Role of friction in sports

8. Advantages of friction in sports

9. Disadvantages of friction in sports
10. Application of friction is Sports Equipment
Design
11. Reducing friction when necessary
[Link] Studies
[Link]

[Link]

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 Acknowledgement to
the Principal
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to
Principal, Rajesh Kumar Dubey, PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA,
BARPETA for her encouragement and for all the facilities
that she provided for this project work. I sincerely
appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into her fold for
which I shall remain indebted to her.

Signature of

Principal Rajesh

Kumar Dubey

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Acknowledgement to
the Subject Teachers
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Radheyshyam, Physical
Education teachers, who guided me to the successful
completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express
my deep sense of gratitude for their invaluable guidance,
constant encouragement, constructive comments,
sympathetic attitude and immense motivation, which has
sustained my efforts at all stages of this project work.

Signature of
Radheyshyam

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 Certificate by the
Examiner
This is to certify that this project work is submitted by
Kunal Kashyap to the Physical Education Department, PM SHRI
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, BARPETA carried out by him under the
guidance & supervision of Mr. Radheyshyam during the
academic year 2024-25 for consideration in partial
fulfilment of the requirement of CBSE, New Delhi for the
award of Senior School certificate in science.

All the work related to the project has been done by him. The
approach to the problem was sincere and scientific.

Signature of Examiner

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 Certificate by the
Subject Teachers
This is to certify that this project work is submitted by
Kunal Kashyap to the Physical Education Department, PM SHRI
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, BARPETA carried out by him under the
guidance & supervision of Mr. Radheyshyam during the
academic year 2024-25 for consideration in partial
fulfilment of the requirement of CBSE, New Delhi for the
award of Senior School certificate in science.

All the work related to the project has been done by him. The
approach to the problem was sincere and scientific.

Signature of

Radheyshyam

5|Page
 FRICTION IN SPORTS
Introduction Friction is a force that resists the relative
motion of two surfaces in contact. It plays a crucial role in
sports, influencing performance, safety, and the design of
equipment. Understanding the impact of friction helps
athletes enhance their performance while minimizing
risks. This project delves into the significance of friction in
various sports, the types of friction, and its practical
applications.

Types of Friction
1. Static Friction: This occurs when there is no motion
between two surfaces. It is the force that prevents an
object from moving.

• Example in sports: A runner’s shoes gripping the track

before the start of a race.

[Link] Friction: This occurs when two surfaces are moving

relative to each other. It resists motion and is usually less than
static friction.

• Example in sports: A skier sliding down a slope.

[Link] Friction: This occurs when an object rolls over a surface.

It is typically less than both static and kinetic friction.

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• Example in sports: A soccer ball rolling on the field.

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[Link] Friction: This occurs when an object moves through a
fluid (liquid or gas). It depends on the object’s shape, speed,
and the fluid’s properties.

• Example in sports: A swimmer gliding through water.

FRICTION

Flui Dynami Stati

d c c

Rollin Slidin Pivo

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 The Role of Friction
in Sports

1. Friction in Track and Field Events

• Sprinting: Athletes rely on

high- friction shoes to
achieve a firm grip on the
track.

• Long Jump: The take-off board

and landing pit are designed
to optimize friction for safety
and performance.

2. Friction in Ball Sports

• Football: The friction between the

ball and the ground affects dribbling,
passing, and shooting accuracy.

• Basketball: High friction between

the ball and the players’ hands
ensures better control.

• Tennis: The interaction between

the tennis ball and the court determines the bounce and
speed.

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3. Friction in Water Sports

• Swimming: Swimmers wear streamlined suits to reduce fluid

friction.

• Rowing: Friction between oars and

water impacts efficiency.

4. Friction in Winter Sports

• Skiing: Reduced friction allows

skiers to glide smoothly, but
controlled friction helps in
turning and stopping.

• Ice Skating: Minimal friction on ice enables gliding, while

skates’ edges provide enough grip for maneuvers.

5. Friction in Motor Sports

• Racing Cars: Tires are

designed to optimize grip,
balancing friction for speed
and safety.

• Cycling: Road bikes have tires with

low rolling friction for faster
speeds.

Advantages of Friction
in Sports

[Link] grip for athletes and equipment: Friction allows athletes

to maintain control over their movements. For instance,
basketball players rely on the friction between their shoes and
the court to perform sharp turns and sudden stops.

[Link] control over movements: In sports like tennis, friction

between the racket strings and the ball helps players impart
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spin and control the ball’s trajectory.

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 [Link] the risk of slips and falls: Properly designed sports shoes
and surfaces ensure enough friction to prevent accidents, such
as sprinters slipping at the start of a race.

[Link] precise maneuvers: Sports like skiing and ice skating

require controlled friction for smooth turns and braking.

Disadvantages of Friction in Sports

[Link] friction can cause wear and tear

on equipment: For example, the high
friction between shoes and the
basketball court can lead to faster
wear of the soles.

[Link] energy expenditure for

athletes: Athletes have to work
harder to overcome friction, as seen
in long-distance cycling or running on
rough surfaces.

[Link] generation can damage surfaces or equipment: The continuous

friction between the ball and the court in tennis can cause the
court surface to wear out over time, and excessive heat
generated in motorsports can damage tires.

Applications of Friction in
Sports Equipment Design
[Link]: Sports shoes are designed
with specific tread patterns and
materials to optimize friction for
different surfaces. For example,
running shoes have textured soles
to provide grip on tracks, while

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football boots have studs to
prevent slipping on grass.

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[Link]: The texture, seams, and material of balls are carefully
engineered to achieve the desired level of friction. For
example, basketballs have a pebbled surface to ensure a firm
grip for dribbling and shooting, while tennis balls have a felt
covering to enhance friction with the court, affecting spin and
bounce.

[Link] Surfaces: Tracks, courts,

and fields are constructed with
materials tailored to provide
suitable friction levels.
Synthetic tracks for athletics
are designed for optimal grip
and shock absorption.
Similarly, clay courts in tennis
provide higher friction, slowing
down the ball and favoring
baseline players.

[Link] Gear: Equipment

like gloves and knee pads
are designed with friction-
enhancing materials to
provide grip and stability.
For instance, cricket
wicketkeepers use gloves
with rubberized palms to
catch fast- moving balls
effectively.

[Link] and Tires: In cycling, tires

are designed with different tread
patterns to balance grip and speed.
Mountain bike tires have aggressive
treads for high friction on rough
terrains, while road bike tires are
smooth for minimal rolling friction
on asphalt.

6. Racquets and Sticks: The strings of

tennis and badminton racquets are chosen to maximize friction
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 for better spin and control. Similarly, hockey sticks are designed
with textured grips to prevent slipping during play.

[Link] and Snowboards: The bases of skis and snowboards are

waxed to reduce friction with snow for smoother gliding, while
edges are

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 sharpened to provide grip for turning and stopping.

[Link] Tires: Tires in Formula 1 racing are made with soft

or hard compounds, providing varied levels of friction
depending on track conditions. Soft tires offer better grip but
wear out quickly, requiring frequent changes during a race.

Reducing Friction When Necessary

1. Lubricants: Used in cycling chains, ski wax, and rowing
mechanisms.

[Link] Surfaces: Ice rinks and

bowling lanes are maintained to
reduce friction.

[Link] Designs: Equipment

and attire are designed to
minimize fluid friction in water
and air.

Case Studies

1. Usain Bolt’s Sprinting Shoes

Usain Bolt, the fastest man in the world, achieved record-breaking

performances due in part to the carefully engineered design of his
sprinting shoes. These shoes featured high-grip spikes that
provided maximum static friction between the shoes and the track
surface. During the starting phase of a sprint, this friction was
crucial in helping Bolt push off with explosive force without
slipping. The sole of the shoe was also designed to be lightweight
and durable, ensuring that it minimized energy loss while
maintaining optimal grip. This balance allowed Bolt to convert his
immense power into forward motion efficiently. The spikes were
positioned strategically to match the biomechanical movements of his
feet, further enhancing traction and reducing the risk of injury.
Bolt’s performances underline the importance of friction
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management in athletic footwear, showcasing how advanced
materials and design can elevate an athlete’s capabilities to
unprecedented levels.

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2. Formula 1 Tires

Formula 1 racing is a sport where the management of friction is

critical to performance and safety. F1 tires are specifically engineered
to provide optimal grip on various track conditions. For instance,
softer tire compounds offer higher friction, ensuring better grip
during
cornering and acceleration. However,
this increased friction comes at the cost
of faster wear, requiring strategic pit
stops to replace tires during races.
Conversely, harder compounds last
longer but provide less grip, which
can affect speed and control.
Engineers also design tires with grooves or
slick surfaces depending on weather conditions. Slick tires
maximize contact with dry tracks, enhancing friction, while
grooved tires are used in wet conditions to channel water away
and prevent hydroplaning. Drivers rely heavily on the balance of
friction to navigate sharp turns at high speeds, maintain stability,
and execute precise maneuvers. The role of friction in tire
performance is a testament to its significance in motorsports,
where even minor adjustments can determine the outcome of a
race.

3. Ice Hockey Rinks

Ice hockey is a sport that exemplifies the dual role of friction—

both as an enabler and a challenge. The smooth surface of the
ice minimizes friction, allowing players to glide at high speeds.
This reduced friction is ideal for maintaining the fast-paced
nature of
the game. However, players
need controlled friction to stop,
turn, and execute quick
maneuvers. Skates are designed
with sharp edges that dig into the
ice, creating the necessary grip for
these actions. The friction
generated by the skate edges
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allows
players to transfer their body weight effectively, enabling rapid
direction changes and precise stopping. Additionally, the puck’s
movement on the ice is influenced by friction. Its flat surface ensures
minimal resistance, allowing it to travel swiftly across the rink.
However, as the game progresses, the ice surface can wear down,
increasing friction and affecting gameplay. Maintaining the

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ice’s quality through resurfacing is crucial to ensure consistent
performance. Ice hockey showcases the delicate balance of friction
required to enhance both speed and control, highlighting its
importance in winter sports.

Conclusion

Friction is a double-edged sword in sports—both a friend and

a foe. Understanding and managing friction enables athletes
to perform at their best while ensuring safety. Coaches,
athletes, and equipment designers must work together to
optimize friction for specific sports. As technology advances,
innovations in materials and techniques will continue to
revolutionize the role of friction in sports.

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 Bibliography
• [Link]
• Physical education practical book
• [Link]
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• [Link]
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DRSC1
• Physical Education Main Book
• Physical Education Supplementary Book
• [Link]
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N756&ei=YIn0WfHeJIXqvASMko-
4Cg&q=football+league&oq=football+&gs_l=psy-
ab.3.1.35i39k1l2j0i131k1j0j0i131k1j0l2j0i131k1j0l2.
3684.9
215.0.11836.[Link].0.0.269.1277.0j3j3.7.0....0...1.1
.64.

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 PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, BARPETA

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2024-25

PROJECT REPORT ON

FRICTION IN SPORTS

ROLL NO :

NAME : KUNAL KASHYAP

CLASS : XII PCM

SUBJECT : PHYSICAL EDUCATION

SUB CODE : 048

PROJECT GUIDE: Mr RADHESYSHHYYAAMM

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, BARPETA

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, BARPETA