BISLIG CITY National High School

Junior High School

Quantitative Analysis of Grade 12 Students’ Compliance with RA 9003 at Bislig City

National High School

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A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Presented to the Senior High School

Faculty of Bislig City National High School

Poblacion, Bislig City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in Practical Research 2 for

Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Strand

Submitted by:

Redonia Ken

Navarro Paolo

Gumanas Allyson

Llanos Angela

Salazar Jhanelle

Tejamo Faye
BISLIG CITY National High School
Junior High School

September 20
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Junior High School

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1. Background of the Study

The Republic Act No. 9003, or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

of 2000, is a foundation of environmental legislation in the Philippines. As stated in

DENR (2021), this law provides for a comprehensive ecological solid waste

management program by creating the necessary institutional mechanism and

incentives, appropriating funds, declaring certain acts prohibited, and providing

penalties.

In the Philippines, RA 9003, or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act,

is one of the most significant problems due to the country’s growing population and

the lack of public awareness, and challenges in enforcing waste segregation,

recycling, and proper disposal practices. As mentioned by Prisco, A.A., & Cubillas,

A.U. (2022), study found that schools adhered to ESWM prohibitions under Section

48 of RA 9003; integrating waste management into their curricula could lead to

success in proper waste disposal.

Despite the many discussions and proposed solutions at the international and

national levels, Bislig City National High School, one of many other schools, is

dealing with this serious problem of effective waste management. Thus, the primary

aim of this study is to investigate the school's adherence to waste management

practices required by RA 9003, identifies areas where the school’s practices fall short,

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assesses the effectiveness of current waste management strategies, and explores

challenges faced in implementing the law.

This paper provides a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the Grade 12

Students’ Compliance with RA 9003 at Bislig City National High School, the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. This study uses quantitative

approach; it is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used

to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and

generalize results to wider populations, Bhandari, P. (2020). To evaluate the school's

waste management practices, by combining global insights on sustainable waste

management, national guidelines, and localized data from Bislig City, the study

provides a thorough understanding of how well the school meets the legal

requirements of RA 9003.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent to which Bislig City National

High School Grade 12 Students’ complies with the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003). It investigates the school's adherence to waste

management practices required by RA 9003, identifies areas where the school’s

practices fall short, assesses the effectiveness of current waste management strategies,

and explores challenges faced in implementing the law. The study uses surveys, waste

audits, document reviews, and interviews to gather and analyze data, with the goal of

recommending improvements for better compliance.

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1.3 Research Questions

1. To what extent does Bislig City National High School Grade 12 Students’

adhere to the requirements of RA 9003 in terms of solid waste management

practices?

2. What specific areas of the school’s waste management practices do not align

with RA 9003 standards?

3. How effective are the school’s current waste management practices in

managing and reducing solid waste?

4. What challenges does the school face in implementing RA 9003, and what

solutions could address these issues?

1.4. Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis

Ha1: Bislig City National High School Grade 12 Students’ complies with the

standards and requirements set by RA 9003.

Null Hypothesis

Ho1: Bislig City National High School Grade 12 Students’ does not comply with the

standards and requirements set by RA 9003.

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1.5. Scope and Delimitation

This quantitative research, employing a descriptive comparative design, is

focused solely on the assessment of solid waste management practices. The study's

population will consist of grade 12 students in different strands, along with the staff

and school administrator of Bislig City National High School. We will use a

questionnaire as the primary data-gathering instrument to determine the level of

effectiveness in managing solid waste. This study will be conducted over the period

from September 2024 to the last day of the first semester. Additionally, the study aims

to evaluate the extent and quality of solid waste management practices within the

school.

1.6. Significance of the Study

The following are expected to benefit from this research:

School Administration - The study will provide data on the current compliance

status with RA 9003, helping school leaders identify areas of improvement and

implement necessary changes to enhance waste management practices.

Students and Faculty - By participating in and learning from this research, students

and faculty will gain increased awareness and understanding of the importance of

ecological solid waste management, leading to more environmentally responsible

behaviors and practices within the school.

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Local Government Units (LGUs) - The results can serve as a benchmark for LGUs

to assess and improve the effectiveness of their own waste management initiatives in

educational institutions, thus helping to achieve broader compliance with RA 9003.

Policy Makers - Insights gained from the study can inform policymakers about the

effectiveness of current waste management regulations, potentially guiding the

development of more targeted policies and programs to support schools and other

institutions in complying with RA 9003.

Environment - Improved compliance with RA 9003 will lead to better waste

management practices, reducing pollution and environmental degradation, and

promoting the health and well-being of the school and natural surroundings.

Future Researchers - This study can provide a valuable reference for future research

in the field of waste management, particularly in understanding compliance issues and

developing effective waste management strategies in educational settings.

1.7. Conceptual Framework

Solid waste has been an integral consequence of human existence. It is an

unavoidable by-product of human activities. Concepts and theories will substantiate

their meanings and unravel problems associated. The analysis reveals a strong

positive relationship between engaging in cultural activities and following waste

recycling guidelines. The findings suggest that policies promoting sustainable

development could be more effective by including cultural participation as a factor,

emphasizing the importance of the 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) approach, waste

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banks, and proper final disposal methods. (Ashshidigi H et al., 2020). It highlights

that inadequate waste management leads to significant health issues, such as malaria,

dengue, and asthma, especially in areas close to waste disposal. They do not segregate

their waste and lack awareness of the associated hazards. To address these problems,

the study proposes subsidized waste collection and disposal services, either through

local government or outsourcing. (Akmal T et al., 2021).

Despite the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act in

2000, the country has struggled to fully adopt circular economy practices. The study

found that research predominantly addresses waste characterization, the 3Rs (reduce,

reuse, recycle), policy development, and health impacts of waste, with a focus on

technologies like refuse-derived fuel and vermicomposting. However, waste

management remains under-prioritized by the government, making progress toward a

circular economy slow. (Pintor L et al., 2019). The waste hierarchy was developed to

capture the progression of a material or product through successive stages of waste

management. It indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and manage

waste is typically presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid.

The goal of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits

from products and to generate the least amount of waste. The proper application of the

waste hierarchy can have several benefits, including the prevention of greenhouse gas

emissions, the reduction of pollutants, energy savings, resource conservation, creation

of jobs, and stimulation of the development of green technologies. This is in relation

to the study in which it will serve as an aid to address the problem in solid wastes.

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Figure 1: Waste Hierarchy

Additionally, waste that is not generated cannot create any problems making non

generation the cheapest waste handling measure. This statement corresponds to Zero

Waste theory (Zero Waste International Alliance). Zero waste is a philosophy and

approach aimed at minimizing the amount of waste produced by promoting practices

that close the loop of product lifecycles. It focuses on reducing waste generation by

consuming less, reusing items, recycling materials, and composting organic waste.

The goal is to divert as much waste as possible from landfills and incinerators,

thereby fostering a circular economy where resources are continually cycled and

environmental impact is minimized. This approach emphasizes designing products

and systems to eliminate waste, conserve resources, and protect the environment.

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Figure 2: Zero Waste

1.8. Theoretical Framework

The tenet of this idea is to "avoid waste—not only minimize or lessen." The

key to eliminating waste in society is avoidance, and thus, Theory will be very helpful

in promoting the use of precautions carried out in this investigation.

Zero waste is a forward-thinking approach to addressing waste issues, gaining traction

across various sectors such as waste management, manufacturing, and urban

development. Embraced by policymakers for its potential to drive sustainable

practices and optimize recycling, the concept is applied differently by professionals in

the field.

The study reviews academic publications on zero waste, noting a lack of

comprehensive research on areas like zero waste design and sustainable consumption.

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It highlights that zero waste programs are often implemented without a unified

strategy and suggests that countries could achieve their zero waste goals by

developing national strategies and integrating zero waste initiatives into waste

management policies.

The review identifies key areas for improvement and provides valuable

insights for policymakers in crafting evidence-based zero waste guidelines. The

discussed concepts and reviewed theories served vital in crafting the research tool of

the study. The areas of solid waste management presented in the theories such as

reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery, disposal and prevention were the main

categories of the questionnaire.

1.9. Definition of terms

The following terms are operationally defined: The following terms are either

conceptually or operationally defined to provide a better understanding of the study.

Compliance - The adherence to and fulfillment of the provisions, guidelines, and

requirements set forth by RA 9003. This includes implementing waste management

practices, establishing necessary facilities, and following prescribed procedures for

waste segregation, collection, and disposal.

Ecological - Relating to the relationship between living organisms and their

environment. In this context, it refers to practices that are environmentally sustainable

and aim to reduce the negative impacts of waste on ecosystems.

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Recycling - The process of converting waste materials into reusable materials or

products. Recycling helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and conserves

natural resources by reprocessing used materials.

Solid Waste Management - The systematic control of the generation, storage,

collection, transportation, processing, recycling, and disposal of solid waste. It

includes activities designed to minimize waste generation and ensure the safe and

environmentally sound management of waste materials.

Waste – any material or substance that is discarded or no longer useful, typically

generated from human activities. It includes items like food scraps, packaging, and

by-products from various sources, and requires proper management to reduce

environmental and health impacts.

Waste Segregation - The process of separating different types of waste (e.g.,

biodegradable, recyclable, and non-recyclable) to facilitate proper handling, recycling,

and disposal. This practice is crucial for effective waste management and compliance

with RA 9003.

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