MEDIBUDDY AN END TO END

DIGITAL HEALTHCARE PLATFORM

BY

AKANSHA BAMNE

MBA (1ST SEMESTER)

UTTAM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

STUDIES, AGRA
 INNOVATION PROJECT REPORT ON
MEDIBUDDY AN END TO ENDD

DIGITAL HEALTHCARE PLATFORM

Submitted by
Akansha Bamne
Register Number: PREERN210029972

Under the guidanceof

Miss Aniali Tiwari

Inpartial fulfilment of the requirements

Forthe award of the Degree of
MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

OI

APJAbdul Kalam Technological University

Uttam Institute Of Management Studies, Agra
March 2022
 DECLARATION
Iundersigned, hereby declare that the project titled MEDIBUDDY AN END TO
DIGITAL HEALTHCARE PLATFORM, submitted in partial fulfilment for the award
of Degree of Master of Business Administration of A PJ Abdul Kalam
Technological University is a bonafide record of work done by me under the
guidance of Miss Anjali Tiwari, Uttam Institute of Management Studies. This
report has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma,
or similar title of any University.

Date: 02 March 2020 Akansha Bamne

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Through this acknowledgement express my sincere gratitude towards all those

I

people who helped me in this project, which has been a learning experience.
This space wouldn't be enough to extend my warm gratitude towards my project
guide. Miss Anjali Tiwari for her efforts in coordinating with my work and guiding
in right direction. escalate a heartfelt regard to our Institution Director, Dr
I

Vikrant Shastri for giving me the essential hand in concluding this work.
Itwould be injustice to proceed without acknowledging those vital supports
received from my beloved classmates and friends, without whom I would have
been half done.
I

also use this space to offer my sincere love to my family and all others who had
been there, helping me walk through this work.

Akansha Bamne
 TABLE OF CONTENI
[Link]. TOPIC

Chapter - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Digital Healthcare Platform

2 Chapter Il-A Word About Design Thinking

2.1 Design Thinking

2.2 Design thinking process

3 Chapter l- Design Thinking and Digital Healthcare Platform

Management.

RecommendationsS

Bibliography
 CHAPTERI- INTRODUCTION

Health care is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention,

diagnosis, treatment, amelioration, or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other
physical and mental impairments in people. Health care is delivered by health
professionals and allied health fields. Medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, midwifery
nursing, optometry, audiology, psychology OcCupational therapy, physical
therapy, athletic training, and other health professions are all part of health
care. It includes work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and
tertiary care, as well as in public health.

Access to health care may vary across countries, communities, and individuals,
influenced by social and economic conditions as well as health policies.
Providing health care services means "the timely use of personal health services
to achieve the best possible health outcomes" Factors to consider in terms of
health care access include financial limitations (such as insurance coverage),
geographic barriers (such as additional transportation costs, the possibility to
take paid time off of work to use such services), and personal limitations (lackof
ability to communicate with health care providers, poor health literacy, low
income) Limitations to health care services affects negatively the use of medical
services, the efficacy of treatments, and overall outcome (well-being, mortality
rates).

Health care systems are organizations established to meet the health needs of
targeted populations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a
well-functioning health care system requires a financing mechanism, a well-
trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable information on which to base
decisions and policies, and well-maintained health facilities to deliver quality
medicines and technologies.
An efficient health care system can contribute to a significant part of a country's
economy, development, and industrialization. Health care is conventionally
regarded as an important determinant in promoting the general physical and
mental health and well-being of people around the world. An example of this
was the worldwide eradication of smallpox in 1980, declared by the WHO as the
first disease in human history to be eliminated by deliberate health care
interventions.

The healthcare industry incorporates several sectors that are dedicated to

providing health care services and products. As a basic framework for defining
the sector, the United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification
categorizes health care as generally consisting of hospital activities, medical and
dental practice activities, and "other human health activities." The last class
involves activities of, or under the supervision of, nurses, midwives,
physiotherapists, scientific or diagnostic laboratories, pathology clinics,
residential health facilities, patient advocates or other allied health professions.
In addition, according to industry and market classifications, such as the Global
Industry Classification Standard and the Industry Classification Benchmark,
health care includes many categories of medical equipment, instruments and
services including biotechnology, diagnostic laboratories and substances, drug
manufacturing and delivery.
For example, pharmaceuticals and other medical devices are the leading high
technology exports of Europe and the United [Link] United States
dominates the biopharmaceutical field, accounting for three-quarters of the
world's biotechnology revenues.

The quantity and quality of many health care interventions are improved
through the results of science, such as advanced through the medical model of
health which focuses on the eradication of illness through diagnosis and
effective treatment. Many important advances have been made through health
research, biomedical research and pharmaceutical research, which form the
basis for evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practice in health care
delivery. Health care research frequently engages directly with patients, and as
such issues for whom to engage and how to engage with them become
important to consider when seeking to actively include them in studies. While
single best practice does not exist, the results of a systematic review on patient
engagement suggest that research methods for patient selection need to
account for both patient availability and willingness to engage.

Health services research can lead to greater efficiency and equitable delivery of
health care interventions, as advanced through the social model of health and
disability, which emphasizes the societal changes that can be made to make
populations healthier Results from health services research often form the
basis of evidence-based policy in health care systems. Health services research
is also aided by initiatives in the field of artificial intelligence for the
development of systems of health assessment that are clinically useful, timely,
sensitive to change, culturally sensitive, low-burden, low-cost, built into
standard procedures, and involve the patient
Digital health

Digital health is a discipline that includes digital care programs, technologies

with health, healthcare, living, and society to enhance the efficiency of
healthcare delivery and to make medicine more personalized and precise. It uses
information and communication technologies to facilitate understanding of
health problems and challenges faced by people receiving medical treatment!
and social prescribing in more personalised and precise ways.

Worldwide adoption of electronic medical records has been on the rise since
1990 and is closely correlated with the existence of universal health care. Digital
health is a multi-disciplinary domain involving many stakeholders, including
clinicians, researchers and scientists with a wide range of expertise in
healthcare, engineering, social sciences, public health, health economics and
data management.

Digital health technologies include both

hardware and software solutions and
services, including telemedicine, wearable devices, augmented reality, and
virtual reality. Generally, digital health interconnects health systems to improve
the use of computational technologies, smart devices, computational analysis
techniques, and communication media to aid healthcare professionals and their
patients manage illnesses and health risks, as well as promote health and
wellbeing. Although digital heath platforms enable rapid and inexpensive
communications, critics warn against potential privacy violations of personal
health data and the role digital health could play in increa sing the health and
digital divide between social majority and minority groups, possibly leading to
mistrust and hesitancy to use digital health systems.
Telemedicine
Telemedicine is one of the broadest areas of digital health. It encompasses the
digitization of medical records, remote care, appointment booking, self-
symptom checkers, patient outcome reporting, and many others. Digital and
remote clinics are commonly used to provide quick, nonurgent consultations
that save both the patients and doctors time. Especially with the COVID-19
pandemic, this type of treatment has become the primary way doctors are
seeing their patients and may be as effective as face to face appointments. This
type of digital treatment keeps both parties safe and is a reliable method that
physicians plan to use for routine checks even after the pandemic ends.
Telemedicine also covers online health records, where both patients and
doctors have access to the relevant information at all times. All this digital
information means that patient data is accessible to healthcare professions and
can be analyzed to create better and smarter treatment plans. This paves the
path for a more personalized healthcare system, which can help patients better
understand their conditions and could result in more positive outcomes.

Wearable technology
Wearable technologY comes in many forms, including smartwatches and on-
body sensors. Smartwatches were one of the first wearable devices that
promoted self-monitoring and were typically associated with fitness tracking.
Many record health-related data, such as "body mass index, calories burnt, heart
rate, physical activity patterns" Beyond smartwatches, researchers are
developing smart-related bodywear, like patches, clothes, and accessories, to
Administer "on-demand drug release". This technology can expand into smart
implants for both severe and non-severe medical cases, where doctors will be
able to create better, dynamic treatment protocols that would not have been
possible without such mobile technology. These technologies are used to gather
data on patients at all times during the [Link] doctors no longer need to have
their patients come into the office to collect the necessary data, the data can
lead to better treatment plans and patient monitoring. Doctors will have better
knowledge into how well a certain medication is [Link] will also be
able to continuously learn from this data and improve upon their original
treatment plans to intervene when neede
Augmented and virtual reality

In digital health, augmented reality technology enhances real-world experiences

with computerized sensory information and is used to build smart devices for
healthcare professionals. Since the majority of patient-related information now
comes from hand-held devices, smart glasses provide a new, hands-free
augmented way for a doctor to view their patient's medical [Link]
applications of this technology can extend into data-driven diagnosis,
augmented patient documentation, or even enhanced treatment plans, ll by
wearing a pair of smart glasses when treating a [Link] similar
technology space is virtual reality, which creates interactive simulations that
mimic real-life scenarios and can be tailored for personalized [Link]
stroke victims lose range of motion and under standardtreatment protocols;
55% to 75% of patients have long-term upper muscular dysfunction, as the lower
body is primarily targeted during [Link] actions and the length of
therapy are the two main factors that show positive progress towards recovery.
Virtual reality technologies can create various 3D environments that are difficult
to replace in real-life but are necessary to help patients retrain their motor
movements. These simulations can not only target specific body parts, but can
also increase in intensity as the patient improves and requires more challenging
tasks.

Others
Some other technologies include Assistive technologies, rehabilitation robotics,
and unobtrusive monitoring sensors that can help people with disabilities
perform their daily tasks independently. Computational simulations, modeling,
and machine learning (e.g. FG-A14H) approaches can model health-related
outcomes. These advanced simulations are able to be repeated, replicated, and
tailored to any research [Link] medical imaging, the applications for this
technology helps healthcare professionals visualize genes, brain structures, and
many other components of human [Link] flexibility in this technology
also allows for more positive and accurate results. Mobile health (or mhealth) is
the practice of medicine and public health supported by mobile devices.
WE ARE MEDIBUDDY. AN END-TO-END DIGITAL
HEALTHCARE PLATFORM.
When the webslinger wears his red and blue suit, he's ready to save a life. Same
rule applies to us at Medi Buddy. We're no fictional superhero, but we do know
how to weave a web of doctors, hospitals, healthcare providers,
pharmaceuticals, and insurance companies to create a world of possibilities for
people looking for healthcare assistance. Online doctor consultations, lab test
bookings, fastest medicine delivery, corporate health and wellness services we
-

make sure each and every healthcare need is taken care of.

WE PUT THE CARE IN HEALTHCARE

Online Consultations Offline Consultations

MediBuddy

Medibuddy Branded Clinics Medicines Delivery

TEST

EQUIPPED WITH APLAN AND A PURPOSE

Our Vision
To make high-quality healthcare
accessible to a billion people.
 MEDICAL
CARE

HEALTH
---

Our Mission
To combine the healthcare domain, science, Al technology and human
intervention to provide world-class preventive and therapeutic
healthcare services.

1200+EMPLOYEES. 22 LOCATIONS.1 VISION.L

Chandigarh
Delhi

Jaipur
Lucknow
Guwahati
Indore
Patna
Ahmedabad Jamshedpur

Kolkata
Baroda

Mumbai Bhuvaneshwar

Pune Hubbali
Hyderabad VIzag

Goa
Chennai
Bengaluru

Madurai
Kochi
HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

Healthcare professional now have realis dhow mobile apps change

their lives. They have understood the importance of mobile
applications in the healthcare industry.
In modern times, hugely efficient and speedily healthcare services
are in demand. These mobile applications can help providing
industry the solution to this demand.
If you are looking to expand the reach and the delivery mechanism
of health related service, then the investment in healthcare mobile
application in the way to go.
Why do you need to develop a healthcare app
More than 60 percent of the world population use smartphones.
Most of them have the access to internet which is why mobile app have
become popular.
Healthcare service are one of the biggest untapped markets in the context
of mobile app services.
This sector is assumed to grow by 300-350 per cent in less than 5 years.
Overall, these mobile apps can help improve the healthcare industry,
making the service speedily and cost effective.
 Chapter Il-A Word About Design Thinking

2.1What is Design Thinking?

Design Thinking is an iterative process in which we seek to understand the user,
challenge assumptions, and redefine problems in an attempt to identify
alternative strategies and solutions that might not be instantly apparent with
our initial level of understanding. At the same time, Design Thinking provides a
solution-based approach to solving problems. It is a way of thinking and working
as well as a collection of hands-on methods.

Design Thinking revolves around a deep interest in developing an understanding

of the people for whom we're designing the products or services. It helps us
observe and develop empathy with the target user. Design Thinking helps us in
the process of questioning: questioning the problem, questioning the
assumptions, and questioning the implications. Design Thinking is extremely
useful in tackling problems that are ill-defined or unknown, by Design Thinking
is extremely useful in tackling problems that are ill-defined or unknown, by re-
framing the problem in human-centric ways, creating many ideas in
brainstorming sessions, and adopting a hands-on approach in prototyping and
testing. Design Thinking also involves ongoing experimentation: sketching,
prototyping, testing, and trying out concepts and ideas.

2.1.1The Problem with Ingrained Patterns of Thinking

Sometimes, the easiest way to understand something intangible, such as Design

Thinking, is by understanding what it is not.
 MODERN DIGITAL HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS

pericine
Personalzed
Medic

Tele AR & VR
Medicin

Digital
Records

Moble Apps
& Gadgets

December 2021. Xeraya Capita

Source:h tpa/en kjpedagiki/Dgd

Technologies
Digital health technologies come in many different forms and extend into
various parts of healthcare. As new technologies develop, digital health, as a
field, respectively transforms. The three most popular domains of digital health
technologies include telemedicine, wearable technologies, and augmented and
virtual reality. Telemedicine is how physicians treat patients remotely and the
different technologies needed to make the process more efficient and faster.
The other main side of digital health is data collection and how to provide on-
demand medical information for patients, which gave rise to wearables.
Wearable technologies hold the promise of bringing personalized data and
health-related tracking to all users. In terms of digitized treatment, augmented
and virtual reality can create personalized regimens for patients that can be
repeated and tailored to treat many conditions. In fact some of these
technologies are being propelled by the startup space, which has been followed
via Internet or online media sources such as podcasts on digital health
entrepreneurs.
Humans naturally develop patterns of thinking modelled on repetitive activities
and commonly accessed knowledge. These assist us in quickly applying the same
actions and knowledge in similar or familiar situations, but they also have the
potential to prevent us from quickly and easily accessing or developing new
ways of seeing, understanding and solving problems. These patterns of thinking
are often referred to as schemas, which are organized

sets of information and relationships between things, actions and thoughts that
are stimulated and initiated in the human mind when we encounter some
environmental stimuli. A single schema can contain a vast amount of
information. For example, we have a schema for dogs which encompasses the
presence of four legs, fur, sharp teeth, a tail, paws, and a number of other
perceptible characteristics. When the environmental stimuli match this schema
-
even when there is a tenuous link or only a few of the characteristics are
present- the same pattern of thought is brought into the mind. As these
schemas are stimulated automatically, this can obstruct a more fitting
impression of the situation or prevent us from seeing a problem in a way that
will enable a new problem-solving strategy. Innovative problem solving is also
known as "thinking outside of the box".

2.1.2 An Example of Problem solving: The Encumbered Vs.

TheFresh Mind.

Thinking outside of the box can provide an innovative solution to a sticky

problem. However, thinking outside of the box can be a real challenge as we
naturally develop patterns of thinking that are modelled on the repetitive
activities and commonly accessed knowledge, we surround ourselves with.
 Some years ago, an incident occurred where a truck driver tried to pass under
a low bridge. But he failed, and the truck was lodged firmly under the bridge.
The driver was unable to continue driving through or reverse out.

The story goes that as the truck became stuck, it caused massive traffic
problems, which resulted in emergency personnel, engineers, fire-fighters and
truck drivers gathering to devise and negotiate various solutions for dislodging
the trapped vehicle.

Emergency workers were debating whether to dismantle parts of the truck or

chip away at parts of the bridge. Each spoke of a solution which fitted within his
or her respective level of expertise.

A boy walking by and witnessing the intense debate looked at the truck, at the
bridge, then looked at the road and said nonchalantly, "Why not just let the air
out of the tires?" to the absolute amazement of all the specialists and experts
trying to unpick the problem.
When the solution was tested, the truck was able to drive free with ease, having
suffered only the damage caused by its initial attempt to pass underneath the
bridge. The story symbolizes the struggles we face where oftentimes the most
obvious solutions are the ones hardest to come by because of the self-imposed
constraints we work within.

2.1.3Design Thinking or'Outside the Box' Thinking

Design Thinking is often referred to as 'outside the box' thinking, as designers

are attempting to develop new ways of thinking that do not abide by the
dominant or more common problem-solving methods
At the heart of Design Thinking is the intention to improve products by analyzing
and understanding how users interact with products and
 investigating the conditions in which they operate. At the heart of Design
Thinking lies also the interest and ability to ask significant questions and
challenging assumptions. One element of outside the box thinking is to falsify
previous assumptions -
i.e., to make it possible to prove whether they are valid
or not. Once we have questioned and investigated the conditions of a problem,
the solution-generation process wll help us produce ideas that reflect the
genuine constraints and facets of that particular problem. Design Thinking offers
us a means of digging that bit deeper; it helps us to do the right kind of research
and to prototype and test our products and services so as to uncover new ways
of improving the product, service or design.

2.1.4 Design Thinking is an Essential Tool-and A Third Way

The design process often involves a number of different groups of people in
different departments; for this reason, developing, categorizing, and organizing
ideas and problem solutions can be difficult. One way of keeping a design project
on track and organizing the core ideas is using a Design Thinking approach.

celebrated innovation and design firm IDEO, shows in his

Tim Brown, CEO of the
successful book Change by Design that Design Thinking is firmly based on
generating a holistic and empathic understanding of the problems that people
face, and that it involves ambiguous or inherently subjective concepts such as
emotions, needs, motivations, and drivers of behaviours. This contrasts with a
solely scientific approach, where there's more of a distance in the process of
understanding and testing the user's needs and emotions e.g, via
quantitative research. Tim Brown sums up that Design Thinking is a third way:
Design Thinking is essentially a problem-solving approach, crystalized in the field
of design, which combines a holistic user-cantered perspective with rational and
analytical research with the goal of creating innovative solutions.
2.1.5Science and Rationalityin Design Thinking

Some of the scientific activities will include analysing how users interact with
products and investigating the conditions in which they operate: researching
user needs, pooling experience from previous projects, considering present and
future conditions specific to the product, testing the parameters of the problem,
and testing the practical application of alternative problem solutions. Unlike a
solely scientific approach, where the majority of known qualities,
characteristics, etc. of the problem are tested so as to arrive at a problem
solution, Design Thinking investigations include ambiguous elements of the
problem to reveal previously unknown parameters and uncover alternative
strategies.

After arriving at a number of potential problem solutions, the selection process

is underpinned by rationality. Designers are encouraged to analyze and falsify
these problem solutions so that they can arrive at the best available option for
each problem or obstacle identified during each phase of the design process.

2.1.6 Generating Creative Ideas and Solutions by Holistically

Understanding Humans.
With a solid foundation in science and rationality, Design Thinking seeks to
generate a holistic and empathetic understanding of the problems that people
face. Design thinking tries to empathize with human beings. That involves
ambiguous or inherently subjective concepts such as emotions, needs,
motivations, and drivers of behaviours. The nature of generating ideas and
solutions in Design Thinking means this approach is typically more sensitive to
and interested in the context in which users operate and the problems and
obstacles they might face when interacting with a product. The creative element
of Design Thinking is found in the methods used to generate problem solutions
and insights into the practices, actions, and thoughts of real users.
2.2 Design Thinking Process
Design Thinking is a design methodology that provides a solution-based
approach to solving problems. It's extremely useful in tackling complex
problems that are ill-defined or unknown, by understanding the human needs
involved, by re-framing the problem in human- centric ways, by creating many
ideas in brainstorming sessions, and by adopting a hands-onapproach in
prototyping and testing. Understanding these five stages of Design Thinking will
empower anyone to apply the Design Thinking methods in order to solve
complex problems that occur around us- in our companies, in our countries,
and even on the scale of our planet.
We will focus on the five-stage Design Thinking model proposed by the Hasso-
Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford ([Link]). [Link] is the leading
university when it comes to teaching Design Thinking. The five stages of Design
Thinking, according to [Link], are as follows: Empathise, Define (the problem),
Ideate, Prototype, and Test. Let's take a closer look at the five different stages
of Design Thinking.

Stanford [Link] Design Thinking Process

Interviews .Shareideas
Shadowing All ideas worthy
Diverge/Converge
Seek to understand
Non-judgmental "Yes and" thinking
' .Prioritize
Mockups
Storyboards
Keep it simple
EMPATHIZE IDEATE ail fast
Iterate quickly

DEFINE PROTOYPE
Personas
Role objectives
Decisions
Challenges TEST
Pain Points Understand impediments
What works?
Role play
[Link]
Iteratequickly
2.2.1 Empathise
The first stage of the Design Thinking process is to gain an empathic
understanding of the problem you are trying to solve. This involves consulting
experts to find out more about the area of concern through observing, engaging
and empathizing with people to understand their experiences and motivations,
as well as immersing yourself in the physical environment so you can gain a
deeper personal understanding of the issues involved. Empathy is crucial to a
human-centered design process such as Design Thinking, and empathy allows
design thinkers to set aside their own assumptions about the world in order to
gain insight into users and needs.

Depending on time constraints, a substantial amount of information is gathered

at this stage to use during the next stage and to develop the best possible
understanding of the users, their needs, and the problems that underlie the
development of that particular product.

2.2.2. Define(the Problem)

During the Define stage, you put together the information you have created and
gathered during the Empathise stage. This is where you will analyse your
observations and synthesise them in order to define the core problems that you
and your team have identified up to this point. You should seek to define the
problem as a problem statement in a human-centred manner.

To illustrate, instead of defining the problem as your own wish or a need of the
company such as, "We need to increase our food-product market share among
young teenage girls by 5%," a much better way to define the problem would be,
"Teenage girls need to eat nutritious food in order to thrive, be healthy and
grow."
The Define stage will help the designers in your team gather great ideas to
establish features, functions, and any other elements that will allow them to
solve the problems or, at the very least, allow users to resolve issues themselves
with the minimum of difficulty. In the Define stage you will start to progress to
the third stage, Ideate, by asking questions which can help you look for ideas for
solutions by asking: "How might we... encourage teenage girls to perform an
action that benefits them and also involves your company's food-product or
service"

S2.2.3 ldeate
During the third stage of the Design Thinking process, designers are ready to
start generating ideas. You've grown to understand your users and their needs
in the Empathise stage, and you've analysed and synthesised your observations
in the Define stage, and ended up with a human-centered problem statement.
With this solid background, you and your team members can start to "think
outside the box" to identify new solutions to the problem statement you've
created, and you can start to look for alternative ways of viewing the problem.
There are hundreds of ldeation techniques such as Brainstorm, Brainwrite,
Worst Possible ldea, and SCAMPER. Brainstorm and Worst Possible ldea sessions
are typically used to stimulate free thinking and to expand the problem space.
It is important to get as many ideas or problem solutions as possible at the
beginning of the ldeation phase. You should pick some other ldeation
techniques by the end of the ldeation phase to help you investigate and test
your ideas so you can find the best way to either solve a problem or provide the
elements required to circumvent it.

2.2.4 Prototype
The design team will now produce a number of inexpensive, scaled down
versions of the product or specific features found within the product, so they
can investigate the problem solutions generated in the previous stage.
Prototypes may be shared and tested within the team itself, in other
departments, or on a small group of people outside the design team. This is an
experimental phase, and the aim is to identify the best possible solution for
 each of the problems identified during the first three stages. The solutions are
implemented within the prototypes, and, one by one, they are investigated and
either accepted, improved and re-examined, or rejected on the basis of the
users' experiences. By the end of this stage, the design team will have a better
idea of the constraints inherent to the product and the problems that are
present, and have a clearer view of how real users would behave, think, and feel
when interacting with the end product.

2.2.5 Test

Designers or evaluators rigorously test the complete product using the best
solutions identified during the prototyping phase. This is the final stage of the 5
stage-model, but in an iterative process, the results generated during the testing
phase are often used to redefine one or more problems and inform the
understanding of the users, the conditions of use, how people think, behave,
and feel, and to empathise. Even during this phase, alterations and refinements
are made in order to rule out problem solutions and derive as deep an
understanding of the product and its users as possible.

2.2.6 The Non-Linear Nature of Design Thinking

We may have outlined a direct and linear Design Thinking process in which one
stage seemingly leads to the next with a logical conclusion at user testing.
However, in practice, the process is carried out in a more flexible and non-linear
fashion. For example, different groups within the design team may conduct
more than one stage concurrently, or the designers may collect information and
prototype during the entire project so as to enable them to bring their ideas to
life and visualise the problem solutions. Also, results from the testing phase may
reveal some insights about users, which in turn may lead to another
brainstorming session (ldeate) or the development of new prototypes
(Prototype).
It isimportant to note that the five stages are not always sequential- they do
not have to follow any specific order and they can often occur in parallel and be
repeated iteratively. As such, the stages should be understood as different
modes that contribute to a project, rather than sequential steps. However, the
amazing thing about the five-stage Design Thinking model is that it systematises
and identifies the 5 stages/modes you would expect to carry out in a design
project and in any innovative problem-solving project. Every project will
involve activities specific to the product under development, but the central idea
behind each stage remains the same.

Design Thinking should not be seen as a concrete and inflexible approach to

design; the component stages identified in the illustration above serve as a guide
to the activities that you would typically carry out. In order to gain the purest
and most informative insights for your particular project, these stages might be
switched, conducted concurrently and repeated several times in order to
expand the solution space, and zero in on the best possible solutions.

2.2.7 The Origin ofthe 5-Stage Model

In his 1969 seminal text on design methods, "The Sciences of the Artificial"
Nobel Prize laureate Herbert Simon outlined one of the first formal models of
the Design Thinking process. Simon's model consists of seven major stages, each
with component stages and activities, and was largely influential in shaping
some of the most widely used Design Thinking process models today. There are
many variants of the Design Thinking process in use in the 21st century, and while
they may have different numbers of stages ranging from three to seven, they
are all based upon the same principles featured in Simon's 1969 model. Ne
focus on the five- stage Design Thinking model proposed by the Hasso-Plattner
Institute of Design at Stanford ([Link]).
2.2.8 The Take Away

In essence, the Design Thinking process is iterative, flexible and focused on

collaboration between designers and users, with an emphasis on bringing ideas
to life based on how real users think, feel and behave. Design Thinking tackles
complex problems by:

Empathizing: Understanding the human needs involved.

Defining: Re-framing and defining the problem in human-centric ways.
Ideating: Creating many ideas in ideation sessions.
Prototyping: Adopting a hands-on approach in prototyping.
Testing: Developing a testable prototype/solution to the problem.
 Chapter ll- Design Thinking and Healthcare

Health Platforms, Inc. provides a platform that connects patients and

healthcare providers online. The Company offers patients with tools to
find, evaluate, and engage with the healthcare providers to address
specific needs and preferences.

In the COVID-19 pandemic, doctor are playing a vital role in tackling the current
situation. Consulting doctors is not yet easy as before due to Coronavirus. But
luckily healthcare startup is birding the gap between doctors, patients and
hospitals using doctor consultation APP.

1. Helpful To Residents of Remote Areas

One of the most important benefits is that the healthcare mobile app will
help the residents of remote areas who can book their appointment with
doctors without travelling to the hospital while sitting at home.
They can also buy the medicine online with the help of this apps.
[Link] Doctors
The Healthcare app also development also help the doctors to keep
update with the current health of the patients. Doctors can even prescribe
their patients online on the app.
Thus, Healthcare app development simplifies the process for both,
doctors and patients.

3. Decline in Medical Expenses

BlioSatemert
Medial

One of the major benefits of healthcare app development is the decline

in medical expenses, huge amount of medical bill and expenses have
always been a problem for the people.
Thus, the development of healthcare app, the patients will be able to do
a lot of things such as medical test on their app on the apps and therefore
these expenses will be decline.
4. Decrease Chance of wrongdiagnosis

It common, significantly in earlier past that doctor made the wrong

is
diagnosis. The development of healthcare apps reduces the chances of
wrong diagnosis.
Now, with the help of these apps, correct and accurate report are
provided which decline the chance of wrong diagnosis. These app helps
the doctor to perform their duty at their best.

[Link] Business Mobel and Opportunities.

The development of healthcare app is also providing the new business

model and opportunity as well.
The medical staff does not use traditional approach but instead use of
mobile apps and make process a lot easier and more effective.
FeaturesS
1. Telemedicine
One of the important features of healthcare apps is the Telemedicine. This
feature makes the functionality of app extremely easier.
This feature arranges a platform for doctors and patients where they can
organize their appointments via remote feature, doctor can provide a
solution to their patients over a phone or video call.

2. Appointment Manager
This feature helps the patients' book, view and cancel the appointments
with their expected doctors. This feature also helps the doctors manage
their appointments regularly and effectively.
Both doctors and patients can be saved from wasting time with the help
of this feature.

3. Surgery Updates
Develop healthcare app with the latest features keeps patient update
with an ongoing surgery as well as provide a better experience.
Thus, this feature can save the doctors from the disturbance and keeps
patients and their relatives updated at the same time.

[Link] Ordering
On the app where the patient can book an appointment, can get
telemedicine service and surgery update, he /she should also be able to
purchase the medicines online without actually going to hospitals or
medicine.
An app developer can add this feature where customers can order the
required medicines online and get it delivered at their home.
5. Feedback
A patient/ customer can also write about his experience with the service
of the app and submit their feedback so that future customers can have a
good idea about the app and do not suspect.
This is a very basic and very important feature of an app and can be
developed by the developer.

6. User Friendly interface

The interface of the pp must be user-friendly. It mut not be complex.
Things must be keep in mind while developing the app to keep the process
of app as simple as easy as possible. This add value in user experience of
your mobile app.

7. Prescription Reminder
This feature extremely helpful for the patients. The patients often tend
is
to forget taking prescription on the time which worsens the disease.
Therefore, this feature, prescriptions reminder can provide the solution
to this problem. Through this feature, the app user are reminded via a
notification on the time set by the users.
Doctor Appointment App Features
Appointment Booking Form
Patient Profile
Doctor Profile
Reviews
Reminders & Notifications
Live chats and support
Payment integrations
EHR (Electronic Health Report) system
E-prescriptions
Medical tips

1. Prescription Scanning Facilities

The application 'Medibuddy' contains a unique Al feature that reads out the
prescription and makes a list consisting of all the items in it. The order is just one
click away from the user and would be delivered in a span of just 1 hour.

2.1-hourdurability
The user can get the medicine by uploading the prescription or by choosing it
manually from the application/ website. Keeping in mind the exigency a user can
be in, Medibuddy will ensure a safe and fast delivery within 1 hr only. Unlike
other vendors, the user doesn't have to wait for more for their order to be
delivered.
3. Offline Consult
There are several kinds of diseases a person can face whether it's a skin allergy
or from dermatologists to dietitians, Medibuddy comes with a whole network
framed online as well as offline (depending upon the user's wish whether to
consult their skin allergy from a local or offline doctor or consult online by sitting
ease at home).

4. Nearest Medical Store connection

We have been associated with the maximum nearest medical stores in the
localities to link it with more reachability and accessibility to the users.

5. Nearby Hospital'sbed availability status

The situation seems tougher when you have a medical emergency, and you are
required to search for vacant beds. People are unable to gather information on
where they will receive adequate treatment and on the availability of beds, etc.
They have no idea what to do if that happens. To bridge that gap in information,
we have added this feature in the app to know the vacant bed availability
statuses.

[Link] / Workout Sessions

Being a digital medical, health, and wellness platform, Medibuddy provides
online Yoga, workout, strength, and conditioning Workout classes at the user's
convenience. The user can join LIVE workout classes with the best coaches from
around and can get immediate feedback and guidance.
7, Diet Chart
With the motive of promoting good health, Medibuddy comes with the feature
where the user can get access to immunity-building diet plans made by certified
coaches and doctors.

Healthcare app and development

Benefits
1. Helpful to residents of remote areas.
2. Helpful to doctors.
3. Declines the medical expenses.
4. Decreases change of wrong diagnosis.
5. New business Model and Opportunities.

Features
1. Telemedicine.
2. Appointment managers.
3. Surgery updates.
4. Medicine ordering.
5. User-friendly interface.
6. Prescriptions reminder.
 Recommendations
Getting fit from fat is what everybody wants nowadays. In fact, if you
just look at the research in the below image, you'll see that the weight
loss apps are among the top healthcare apps that are being
downloaded.
There are certain age-group people who have so many prescriptions
to take in a day that they can hardly keep track of them. Forgetting to
take medicines at a certain age can be deadly.
Chronic illness like blood pressure, diabetes, and kidney disease need
medical attention and checkups on regular basis. This makes the
chronic disease management app a perfect opportunity to launch a
startup.
If you're interested in addressing women's common issues, a women's
well-being app idea might just be right for your startup. You can create
a healthcare app for women to help them track their menstrual cycle,
help them achieve inner peace, or solve a medical problem.
Stress, depression, and unhappy lifestyle is among the top mental
illness among millenials. You could create a healthcare app
specifically for individuals who are fighting these mental illnesses.
Medical training reaches to the next level with the Augmented Reality,
Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality based healthcare apps. Using the
AR/VR hand controllers and headsets, surgeons and medical interns
can experience how they will perform the surgery along with the feel
of doing it in real-time.
Sleep apps also fall under the category of other health test apps which
are mostly needed by either doctors or entrepreneurs; therefore, they
will be the owners of the app. These apps act as ideal solutions for
people who have deep trouble with relaxing and get them into a restful
sleep.
The appointment booking app is an on-demand app and is more
beneficial to doctors and other healthcare professionals. This type of
app is mainly used for doctors and other professionals to express their
availability to patients and book appointments through app
accordingly.
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