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HYDROLOGY CALCULATION FOR BRIDGE
Hydraulic calculation by Area velocity method:-
Since the bridge is provided across a stream,we estimateflood discharge from the conveyance factor & slope
of the stream applying Manning's velocity formula. Since the velocity could not be measured at site in each
sagement, a uniform velocity based on Manning's formula has been considered.
Latitude: 33°37'16.20"N
Longitude: 74°21'27.50"E
Slope Calculation :-
Starting elevation 1616.52
S=Longitudianal slope=1:
Ending elevation 1609.30
I = Hydraulic Gradient = Difference of Level
Total Distance
= (1616.52-1609.3)
50.00
= 0.14440
Slope = 1: 6.93
HFL= 1618.510 1614.900 1611.29
U/S D/S
LBL= 1616.520 1613.6 1609.300
CH= 25.00 50.00 75.00
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Cross section @ Chainage 50 m:-
1615.000 -7 -5 0 5 10
1614.800 1614.900 1614.900
1614.600
1614.400
1614.200
1614.000 1614.080
1613.800
1613.780
1613.600
1613.620
1613.400
-0+008 -0+006 -0+004 -0+002 0+000 0+002 0+004 0+006 0+008 0+010 0+012
Cross section @ Chainage 50 m:-
Mean Difference
Flood Depth Length Perimeter
Chainage Bed Level HFL Depth in Area in met2 in Depth in
in met in met in met
met met
-0+007 1614.900 1614.900 0.000 0.000 10.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
-0+005 1614.080 1614.900 0.820 0.410 2.000 0.820 0.820 2.162
0+000 1613.780 1614.900 1.120 0.970 5.000 4.850 0.300 5.009
0+005 1613.620 1614.900 1.280 1.200 5.000 6.000 0.160 5.003
0+010 1614.900 1614.900 0.000 0.640 5.000 3.200 1.280 0.000
14.870 12.173
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DISCHARGE CALCULATION :-
Manning's velocity V = 1/n * (R)2/3 * (S)1/2
Where, n = Rugocity co-efficiant 0.06
Slope = 0.14440 6.92520776
Total area (A) = 14.870 m2
Total perimeter (P) = 12.173 m
R = A/P= 1.222 m
V= 7.239 m/sec
Maximum Discharge Q = 107.64 Cumecs
Cross section @ Chainage 25 m (U/S):-
1619.000
-7 -5 0 5 10
1618.500
1618.510 1618.510
1618.000
1617.870
1617.500
1617.460
1617.000
1616.500
1616.520
1616.000
-0+008 -0+006 -0+004 -0+002 0+000 0+002 0+004 0+006 0+008 0+010 0+012
Cross section @ Chainage 25 m (U/S):-
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Mean Difference
Flood Depth Length Perimeter
Chainage Bed Level HFL Depth in Area in met2 in Depth in
in met in met in met
met met
-0+007 1618.510 1618.510 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
-0+005 1617.460 1618.510 1.050 0.525 2.000 1.050 1.050 2.259
0+000 1616.520 1618.510 1.990 1.520 5.000 7.600 0.940 5.088
0+005 1617.870 1618.510 0.640 1.315 5.000 6.575 1.350 5.179
0+010 1618.510 1618.510 0.000 0.320 5.000 1.600 0.640 0.000
16.825 12.526
DISCHARGE CALCULATION :-
Manning's velocity V = 1/n * (R)2/3 * (S)1/2
Where, n = Rugocity co-efficiant 0.06
Slope = 0.14440 6.92520776
Total area (A) = 16.825 m2
Total perimeter (P) = 12.526 m
R = A/P= 1.343 m
V= 7.709 m/sec
Maximum Discharge Q = 129.70 Cumecs
Maximum H.F.L. (R.L.) 1618.51 m
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Cross section @ Chainage 75 m (D/S):-
1611.500
-10 -5 0 5 10 12
1611.290 1611.290
1611.000
1610.750
1610.500
1610.000
1609.970
1609.500
1609.510
1609.300
1609.000
-0+015 -0+010 -0+005 0+000 0+005 0+010 0+015
Cross section @ Chainage 75 m (D/S):-
Mean Difference
Flood Depth Length 2 Perimeter
Chainage Bed Level HFL Depth in Area in met in Depth in
in met in met in met
met met
-0+010 1611.290 1611.290 0.000 0.000 3.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
-0+005 1610.750 1611.290 0.540 0.270 5.000 1.350 0.540 5.029
0+000 1609.300 1611.290 1.990 1.265 5.000 6.325 1.450 5.206
0+005 1609.510 1611.290 1.780 1.885 5.000 9.425 0.210 5.004
0+010 1609.970 1611.290 1.320 1.550 5.000 7.750 0.460 5.021
0+012 1611.290 1611.290 0.000 0.660 2.000 1.320 1.320 0.000
26.170 20.261
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DISCHARGE CALCULATION :-
Manning's velocity V = 1/n * (R)2/3 * (S)1/2
Where, n = Rugocity co-efficiant 0.06
Slope = 0.14440 6.92520776
Total area (A) = 26.170 m2
Total perimeter (P) = 20.261 m
R = A/P= 1.292 m
V= 7.513 m/sec
Maximum Discharge Q = 196.6 Cumecs
Maximum H.F.L. (R.L.) 1611.29 m
At Cross section @ Chainage 25 m (U/S):- 129.70 Cumecs
At Cross section @ Chainage 75 m (D/S):- 196.62 Cumecs
At Cross section @ Chainage 50 m:- 107.64 Cumecs
Maximum Discharge: 196.6 Cumecs
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HYDROLOGY CALCULATION FOR BRIDGE:10 AT
Maximum H.F.L. by Empirical Method
Discharge by Dicken’s method
Maximum discharge (Peak Run-off) = Q C x M3/4 m3/sec
Total Catchment Area = M 6.987 km2
Dicken’s constant 14
Normally this formula gives discharge for 1000 to 3000 return period
3
Maximum discharge (Peak Run-off) = Q 60.17 m /sec
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HYDROLOGY CALCULATION FOR BRIDGE:10 AT
Rational method
Maximum H.F.L. based on Co-efficient (P)
One day maximum rainfall for return period of 100yr (F) 240.00 mm/day
24.00 cm/day
Selected from CWC graph Western Himalayas Zone 7
The distance from the most remote point to the outlet in km (L) 5.64 km
The fall in level from the most remote point to the outlet in m (H) 1288 m
Time of concentration by california formula = tc = (0.87*L3 /H)^0.385 0.44 hr
Avg of Intensity of rainfall (I0) = F/2*(1+(1/T)) 12.50 cm/hr
Ic = Critical intensity of Rainfall in cm/hour = I0*(2/(tc+1)) 17.32 cm/hr
P = Coefficient of Runoff for the Catchment characteristics 0.80
f = Fraction of maximum point intensity at center of storm, depends on
0.98
area
A = Catchment Area in Hectares 698.70 ha.
Maximum discharge = Q = 0.028 x P x f x IC x A 265.64 m3/sec
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Hydraulic Calculations
Fixing of Bridge Length:
1) From Hydraulic calculations.
i) Cross-sectinal area-Bed Slope Method: At Bridge location
3
Discharge Calculated: = 107.644 m /s
ii) Dicken's formula:
3
Discharge Calculated: = 60.17 m /s
iii) Rational's formula:
3
Discharge Calculated: = 265.64 m /s
The recommended rule As per IRC SP-13: Flood discharges can be estimated in three different
ways as explained in Para 4.1 to 6.1.2 of SP-13. The values obtained should be compared. The
highest of these values should be adopted as the design discharge Q, provided it does not exceed
the next highest discharge by more than 50 per cent. If it does, restrict it to that limit. That is 1.5
times of second highest.
3
Discharge (Q) = 1.5 x 265.64 = 107.64 m /s
3
Design discharge = 1.3 x Q = 139.937 m /s
Calculated Regime width for discharge of = 56.78 m
Ref.: Cl.-7.5,IRC:SP:13-2022
Regime width considering a restriction of 0% = 56.78 m
3) Bank to bank distance:
Bank to bank distance: = 25.00 m
4) Skewness:
Skew Angle = 0°
Required minimum waterway = 56.78 m
4) Any other requirement as per site condition:
Distance between two suitable abutments: = 25 m
From the above three data and also considering the suitable abutment location and site condition,the
proposed bridge has been fixed as the details given below:
Proposal: 1 SPAN X 25M
Type of structure = Composite girder +deck slab
Thickness of Abutment = 1.35
Overall length of Bridge: = 25 m
Effective Linear Waterway (Le) = 22.3 m
HFL = 1614.9 m
Q = 107.64 cumec
Design discharge= 1.3 x Q = 139.937 cumec
Le = 22.3 m
Db = 6.275 cumec/m
Ksf = 4
2 1/3
dsm = 1.34*(Db /Ksf)^
= 2.872 m
Mean scour level = 1612.028 m
Max. scour depth at abutment location = (1.27 x Dsm) = 3.647 m
Max. scour level at abutment location = 1611.253 m
Fixation of FRL: Lowest bed level = 1613.620 m
HFL = 1614.900 m
Clearence = 1.200 m
Top slab thickness = 0.871 m
Afflux,say = 0.500 m
Wearing course = 0.075 m
FRL = 1617.546 m
say = 1617.600 m
Abutment Foundation Level = 1609.253 m
Calculation of Afflux Height
Proposed Span Scheme :
Hence total length of the bridge for the river
proper = 25 m
Width of individual pier shaft = 1.35 m
Effective Linear waterway, Le = 22.3 m
AFFLUX HEIGHT =
Average velocity of flow = V = 7.239 m/sec.
Un-obstructed area of flow = A1 = 14.87 m
Obstructed area of flow = A = 14.4239 m
Afflux at H.F.L. by Molesworth formula :
h = V⬚2 𝐴1 2
+ 0.0153 −1
17.86 𝐴
Hence, h= 0.1853
= 185.30 mm
MINIMUM FREE BOARD
Minimum free board recommended (Vide Clause 106.2.1 of IRC:5) = 1.200 m
Additional free-board required for Afflux = 0.185 m
Say = 0.50 m
Total Free-board required = 1.70 m
