Israel and Palestine war and the implications of

muslim world

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCEINCE

SIMAD UNIVERSITY

APPROVAL
This thesis was submitted in full fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts in Political Science & International Relations.
 Academic Year: _______

For Graduate Committee

Dean of the Faculty of social science

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
This chapter named the war of Israel and Palestine: the implications of Muslim world.

Presents the background of the study, problem statement, objectives of

The study, Research questions, significance of the study, scope of the study, operational

Definitions of key Terms.

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In global

For more than 70 years, the Israel-Palestine dispute has remained unsolved, with Israeli forces
occupying the territory and an ongoing humanitarian situation in Palestine. Before World War I,
Palestine's history was different from what it is today. In the 19th century, Palestine remained a
British territory, therefore Jews began to migrate to the Middle East and Palestine in order to
establish a Jewish state through the Belfour Declaration. Threatening innocent Palestinians was
how the Jews in the occupied region began the Zionist movement. For all religious groups,
including Jews, Muslims, and Christians, the land of Palestine is extremely significant.
The United Nations recognized Israel as a sovereign and independent state in 1948.
Israel prevailed in the Arab-Israeli conflict with the help of Western nations. The UN and OIC
have taken a neutral posture on the Palestine problem, with a number of achievements and
setbacks. The proverb "war can bring damage, but peace can bring substance" can be used to the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, where a number of individuals and groups have tried but failed to
implement peace.

The origins of the Israel-Palestine conflict may be traced to the late 1800s, when Jewish and
Arab groups in Ottoman-ruled Palestine began to articulate nationalist ideas of self-rule. The two
communities—the Arabs fending off attempts to annex their homeland and the Jews seeking a
homeland—became more antagonistic once the Ottoman Empire fell and British rule over the
region began (Khalidi, 2007; Abu Sitta, 2001). According to Farsoun and Aruri (2006), the
creation of the State of Israel in 1948 marked a turning point that culminated in the first Arab-
Israeli war and the displacement of the majority of the Palestinian population, a situation that
continues to this day and forced refugees. The creation of the State of Israel in 1948 was a
turning point that resulted in the first Arab-Israeli conflict and the displacement of the majority
of the Palestinian people, a situation that continues to this day and has led to refugees (Farsoun &
Aruri, 2006).
The main cause of the Palestine crisis is two political decisions taken by Europeans. Both
decisions were purposeful acts of will, made without consultation with Palestine's indigenous
people. The World Zionist Organization, a Jewish political movement with European roots, met
in Basel, Switzerland, in 1897 and decided to create a Jewish state in Palestine. This was the first
of these resolutions. At the time, Palestine was under Ottoman rule; around 95 percent of the
population was Arab, and the local Arab community held 99 percent of the land. The second
political decision, which appeared in the Balfour Declaration of November 2, 1917, was reached
in London. British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour made the announcement in a letter to
Lord Rothschild. Zionism became official British policy with the full support of the British
Empire after this message oppressed and destroyed the rights of Palestinian Arabs. The Zionist
program.

1.1.2 The war between Israel and Arab countries

1.1.3 Six-Day War (1967)

The Six-Day War (or June War) was fought between Arab and Israeli armies from June 5 to 10,
1967. Syria began bombarding Israeli settlements from the Golan Heights.
After Israel retaliated by shooting down six Syrian Mig fighter jets, Nasser positioned his troops
around the Sinai border and once more shut off Elat. In May 1967, Egypt and Jordan signed a
defence [Link] destroyed Egypt's air force in response to the apparent Arab haste for
war. Israel was clearly victorious on the ground. Israeli troops drove Jordanian forces out of the
West Bank, took control of Gaza and Sinai from Egypt, and drove Syrian soldiers out of the
Golan Heights. Israel has complete control over Jerusalem.
1.1.4 Egypt - Israel Peace Treat (1979)

The first Arab-Israeli agreement reached between 1978 and 1979 was the Egyptian-Israeli
Treaty. Prime Minister Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt signed this bilateral
agreement, which contradicted the Carter administration's preferred comprehensive peace
between Israel and all of her neighbors. The Arabs and Muslims worldwide did not approve of
Sadat's efforts to restore the entire Sinai region, which was occupied by Israel. Sadat was
assassinated in October 1981 as a result of his efforts to make peace with the Jewish state. Ten
years after the treaty's signing, the majority of Arab and Muslim nations opposed Egypt's
recognition of Israel.
Israel achieved a significant strategic win with the agreement, removing the greatest military and
existential threat it has faced since 1948. The Carter administration called for Israel to stop
establishing settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, create an independent Palestinian
state, and leave these areas. According to the Camp David Accords of 1978, Egypt
acknowledged Israel's right to exist and regained the Sinai Peninsula from Israel. Diplomatic
relations were established between the two nations.
1.2 Problem statement
One important facet of this ongoing struggle is the Islamic countries' involvement in the area,
which raises concerns about the nature, extent, and effectiveness of their duties in influencing the
direction of the conflict. Despite numerous diplomatic initiatives and interventions by Islamic
countries, the situation remains unsettled and unresolved. This study will critically examine the
role that Islamic countries have played in the conflict in order to understand the motivations
behind, strategies employed, and outcomes of their involvement in the Israel-Palestine disputes.

The goal of this research is to determine whether the collective efforts of Islamic countries have
increased tensions, helped to resolve problems, or promoted peace. The study will also examine
into the challenges and implications that these countries have when dealing with the complicated
issues of the Israel-Palestine conflict. By addressing these problems, the study seeks to clarify
the nature of the Israel-Palestine conflict and the role that Islamic countries have in shaping the
region's geopolitical landscape.

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.3.1 General objective
This main study is to know how Israel and Palestine war to influence on muslim world and arab
countries
1.3.2 Specific obectives
1. To study the conflict between Israel and Palestine ?
2. To study Israel and Palestine war and the implications of muslim world ?
1.4 Research questions
1. how Israel and Palestine conflict start ?
2. what is the implications of muslim world the war between Israel and Palestine ?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is important because it aims to give a thorough understanding of how the Israel-
Palestine conflict affects the social dynamics, politics, and policies of nations with a majority of
Muslims. This research contributes to discussions about diplomatic relations, international peace
initiatives, and the problems facing Palestinian self determination by investigating the conflict's
broader regional and global implications. The goal of the study is to help academics, politicians,
and peace activists find possible areas for cooperation and action as well as create plans for
promoting stability and mutual understanding in the area.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study examines deeply into the historical framework and significant events of the Israel-
Palestine conflict, with a particular emphasis on the role and responses of Muslim-majority
countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. The study will examine the roles
played by different countries and organizations in the conflict, covering the years 1948 to the
present.

1.7 Operational Definitions of Variables

Israel-Palestine Conflict: Concerning sovereignty, statehood, and Palestinian self-

determination, this definition describes the continuous territorial, political, and military conflicts
between Israel and the Palestinian territories, mainly over the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East
Jerusalem.

Muslim-majority countries: are those with a predominantly Muslim population, and their
policies, foreign relations, and ideological viewpoints may be influenced by religious, cultural,
and political ties to Palestine and the larger Arab-Israeli conflict.

Regional Stability: The degree of political, social, and economic stability in the Middle East and
neighboring regions, which can be influenced by conflicts, alliances, and the political stances of
Muslim-majority countries

Chapter Two

Literature Review

2.1 Historical Origins and Development of the Conflict

Early in October 2023, violence broke out between Israel and Hamas, the extremist Islamic
organization that has ruled Gaza since 2006. Hundreds of israel soldiers and civilians were
killed, injured, or captive. as Hamas fighters entered the Gaza Strip to raid southern Israeli
communities and villages and fire rockets into Israel. Despite being unprepared, Israel launched
a lethal attack right away. On October 8, the Israeli parliament declared war on Hamas. After
that, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) were ordered to impose a "complete embargo" on Gaza by
the defense minister. Israel ordered the evacuation of over a million Palestinians living in
northern Gaza in anticipation of a potential ground invasion.
Since then, the two sides have been exchanging rocket fire every day. Due to an Israeli aid
embargo, Gaza is running low on fuel, water, and other necessities, and as cross-border
operations in Syria and Lebanon intensify, there is a chance that the conflict could escalate
(Kelman, 1999). According to Nonneman (2003), the scale and levels of complexity Hamas's
attack on Saturday shocked world leaders. This year, hundreds of Israeli soldiers attacked the
Palestinian city of Jenin multiple times. A Palestinian guy opened fire on seven persons in front
of an East Jerusalem synagogue in January. At least 166 Palestinians were killed by Israeli troops
in the Israeli-occupied West Bank in 2022 following a wave of terrorist assaults in Israeli cities.
Following an Israeli police raid on Jerusalem's Al Aqsa Mosque, the thirdholiest site in Islam, in
May 2021, Israel and Hamas engaged in an 11-day war that claimed the lives of over 200
Palestinians and over 10 Israelis. At least 170 Palestinians lost their lives in 2018 when Israel put
down demonstrations along the border between Gaza and Israel.

2.2 United Nations’ Role in the Palestine Issue

The United Nations (UN) has played an important role in the Israel-Palestine conflict since its
creation, with different degrees of influence, action, and controversy. In 1947, the United
Nations offered a partition proposal (Resolution 181) that sought to establish separate Jewish and
Arab states, as well as establishing Jerusalem as an international city. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War
resulted from the Arab states' rejection of this proposal, which was approved by Jewish leaders.
As a result, Israel declared independence, but Palestinians were displaced, resulting in a long-
lasting refugee catastrophe. The United Nations' initial involvement laid the groundwork for its
continuous efforts to resolve the conflict, which were frequently carried out through
peacekeeping deployments, mediations, and resolutions.
Over the years, the United Nations has made various efforts at mediating peace through its
specialized organizations, including the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees (UNRWA), which has been providing humanitarian relief to Palestinian refugees since
1949. The UN Security Council and General Assembly have passed several of resolutions on the
conflict, including Resolution 242 (1967), which called for Israel's withdrawal from territories
occupied during the Six-Day War, and Resolution 338 (1973), which emphasized the importance
of peace negotiations. However, the United States, a longtime supporter of Israel, has frequently
vetoed these resolutions, making it difficult for the UN to enforce its resolutions (Hathaway,
2021). It has also been difficult to implement these resolutions.

In addition, the UN has played a role in advancing peace negotiations, in particular through the
Oslo Accords of the 1990s, which supported the process that resulted in Israel and the Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) gaining mutual recognition. Although these discussions created
hope, they failed to address fundamental issues including Jerusalem's status, Palestinian
statehood, and security concerns, which resulted in defeats (Zartman, 2008). The UN continues
to advocate for a two-state solution, which remains the most widely supported framework for
resolving the conflict, but progress has been affected by ongoing violence, settlement growth,
and political divisions among Israeli and Palestinian leaders (UN Security Council Resolution
2334, 2016).

The UN's activities in the Israel-Palestine conflict have been criticized for being inadequate and
frequently biased. For example, the UN Human Rights Council has been under fire for
sometimes ignoring Palestinian abuses while harshly denouncing Israel (Katzenstein, 2021).
Israel, on the other hand, has charged that the UN is antagonistic to its security requirements and
is not doing more to combat Palestinian terrorism through organizations like Hamas.
Moreover, the United States' influence within the UN has often acted as a counterbalance to UN
resolutions, limiting their practical impact. Despite these challenges, the UN remains an
important forum for international diplomacy, offering a platform for dialogue and highlighting
the need for a comprehensive and just peace solution for both Israelis and Palestinians (UNGA
Resolution 67/19, 2012).

2.3 EU Role in the Palestine Issue

For decades, the European Union (EU) has played a significant role in the Israel-Palestine issue,
pursuing a peaceful outcome via a range of political, diplomatic, and economic avenues.
The EU has continually supported a negotiated resolution between Israel and Palestine and the
two-state solution since the early 1990s. The EU has prioritized human rights, international law,
and diplomacy in its approach to the conflict, with a particular emphasis on securing Israel's right
to exist in peace and supporting Palestinian state-building.
One of the EU's most significant contributions to the conflict has been economic aid to the
Palestinians. Since its founding in 1994, the EU, one of Palestine's biggest donors, has given the
Palestinian Authority (PA) a significant amount of money. The purpose of this aid has been to
support capacity-building initiatives within the PA, humanitarian relief, and infrastructure
projects in order to advance sustainable development and political stability.
The EU also plays a critical role in providing financial aid to Palestinian refugees through the
United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA). This aid has helped to mitigate some of
the hardships faced by Palestinians living under occupation, particularly in Gaza and the West
Bank. Despite these efforts, however, critics argue that the EU's aid has been insufficient in
addressing the root causes of the conflict, including the Israeli occupation and the lack of a
viable political solution (European Commission, 2021; Farsakh, 2013).

In addition to supporting Palestinian statehood and opposing Israeli settlement expansion, the EU
has been involved in diplomatic efforts to bring both sides to the negotiating table. The EU has
supported the Oslo Accords and other peace initiatives, including the Roadmap for Peace (2003),
which was co-sponsored by the Quartet. However, despite these initiatives, the peace process has
stagnated over the years, primarily due to continued violence, Israeli settlement construction, and
political divisions among Palestinian factions. The EU has continuously called for a return to
negotiations based on the principles of international law, urging both Israel and Palestine to
resume talks and address the core issues of the conflict, including borders, refugees, the status of
Jerusalem, and security concerns (Piris, 2013). However, the EU’s diplomatic efforts have been
undermined by the lack of political will from both sides, as well as the influence of external
actors, such as the United States, which has historically been a strong supporter of Israel.

The EU's position on the Israel-Palestine conflict has not been without controversy, particularly
regarding its ability to maintain a balanced approach between its support for Israel’s security
needs and its advocacy for Palestinian rights. While the EU has been vocal in its opposition to
Israeli settlement expansion and its support for a two-state solution, some critics argue that it has
not been forceful enough in pressuring Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian territories. At
the same time, the EU has been accused of failing to adequately address Palestinian violence,
including attacks by groups such as Hamas, which the EU has designated as a terrorist
organization.
In this regard, the EU’s approach has often been characterized by inconsistency, with some
member states calling for stronger actions against Israel, while others emphasize the importance
of maintaining close diplomatic relations with the Jewish state. These internal divisions within
the EU have made it difficult for the Union to present a unified stance on the conflict, limiting its
ability to act as an effective mediator (Eldar, 2019; Mishal & Sela, 2000).

Despite these challenges, the EU remains a key player in the international community’s efforts to
resolve the Israel-Palestine conflict. It continues to advocate for a two-state solution, one of the
few points of consensus among EU member states, and remains a strong supporter of multilateral
initiatives aimed at advancing peace in the region. The EU’s commitment to humanitarian aid,
diplomatic engagement, and the promotion of international law ensures that it will continue to
play an important role in shaping the discourse on the conflict, even as its influence may be
constrained by political and geopolitical factors. Moving forward, the EU must navigate the
complexities of the conflict while addressing both Israeli security concerns and Palestinian
aspirations for self-determination, in order to contribute to a lasting peace in the Middle East
(Buchanan, 2015; European External Action, 2020).

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
In this chapter will consist of the Research design research population Population Sampling
Data Gathering Procedure Data analysis Ethical Considerations Limitations of the Study
3.2 Research design
This study will apply a descriptive research design using qualitative in examining the war on
Israel and Palestine and the implications of muslim world.
3.3 research population
The research population for this study will be Mogadishu politicians and lecturers with some
knowledge the history of Israel and Palestine war. Therefore, the politicians and knowledgeable
lecturers who reside in Mogadishu, Somalia, will be the research's population.
3.4 Population Sampling
The strategy used for this study was a purposive and convenience sampling technique because
the research is qualitative and aims to assess the phenomena in depth.

This is crucial for selecting responders who can provide detailed, rich data. This study included
seven in-depth interviews with experts on the history of Israel and Palestine, including the
implications of Muslim world.
This number was used for ensuring data saturation, in which no new information or themes
emerged from additional interviews.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

Data collection entailed a systematic process of acquiring pertinent information with details. The
current research had employed structured and semi structured interview techniques. These
approaches enable to full exploration of insights by the Respondnts into challenges and
implications in Israel and Palestine war .
3.6 Data analysis
Data analysis is a procedure for transforming and interpreting data into meaningful insights. For
this study, thematic analysis was done utilizing Braun & Clarke's six-phase framework: 1.
Familiarize yourself with the data: read and re-read the interview transcripts for an in-depth
understanding of the content. 2. Generating Initial Codes: spotting major pieces of data related to
the research questions. 3. Identifying Themes: Codes are organized into potential themes, and all
data relevant to each theme are grouped. 4. Refining Themes: The themes are reviewed and
refined to ensure they relate well to the data. 5. Naming Themes: Each theme needs to be clearly
defined and named. 6. Write-up: Summary of findings and weaving together narrative with
illustrative data extracts.
3.7 Ethical Considerations
The study adheres to ethical standards to protect the rights and privacy of participants:
Informed Consent: Participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, and
their right to withdraw at any time. Consent was obtained prior to the interviews.
3.8 Confidentiality: Participants' identities and responses were kept confidential, and data was
anonymized to protect their privacy.
Non-Maleficence: Ensuring no harm came to participants as a result of their involvement in the
study.
Ethical Approval: Approval was obtained from the university to ensure compliance with
academic and ethical standards. The study's aim is get solve the war on Israel and Palestine and
the implications of muslim world.
3.9 Limitations of the Study
Small sample sizes often characterize qualitative research and can be time-consuming. This
study faced several limitations
: 1. The process of collecting, gathering, and analyzing data was extensive and required
significant time and effort.
2. Identifying knowledgeable respondents willing to participate was challenging due to the
sensitive nature of the topic.
3. The study relied solely on qualitative methods and interviews, without incorporating other
methods such as questionnaires.
4. Some respondents were hesitant to discuss politically sensitive issues due to the political
fragmentation in the country.

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