Department of Civil Engineering
CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI -
STOREY STRUCTURES
CE 8315
Construction of concrete upper floors
Construction of Concrete Upper
Floor Slab
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Introduction
❑In a multi storeyed building, floor made at a level
with the building is known as ground floor
❑ If the building is provided with basement or
underground storey, its floor is known as basement
floor
❑ Top most horizontal or sloped structure, covering
the rooms from the top is known as roof
Construction of concrete upper floors
Construction of Concrete Upper
Floor Slab
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Introduction cont..
❑All the intermediate floors are known as upper floors
❑ An upper floor is basically a principal structural element
and the general design of the building will greatly influence
the choice of the type of floor
❑ Upper floor are supported either on the walls or on the
columns; they have therefore the major problems of
strength and stability
Construction of concrete upper floors
Procedure of casting insitu
reinforced concrete floor
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The structural engineer drawing is needed to give:
❑ The layout of reinforcement bars
❑ The thickness of the concrete
❑The concrete mix proportions
❑ The type and design of forwork to be used
Construction of concrete upper floors
Procedure of casting insitu
reinforced concrete floor cont...
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With the information from structural drawing, the
following steps are used to cast the floor
❑ Erect the formwork
❑Position the services
❑ Position the reinforcements bars
❑ Mix and pour the concrete
❑ Cure the concrete
❑Remove the formwork
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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❑RCC slab floors
❑Steel Girder & Concrete slab Floors
❑ RCC Beam & Slab Foors
❑ Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor)
❑ RCC Ribbed Floor Slab
❑ Precats Concrete Slab
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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1. RCC slab floors
❑ This type of floors are becoming very popular in
construction of floor for modern buildings
❑ It span is less than 4m, which do not carry heavy
loads
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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RCC slab floors
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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2. Steel Girder & Concrete slab Floors
❑ When the span are larger than 4m, the use of RCC
slab floor becomes un economical
❑ Additional support of steel girder are introduced below
the slab to reduce the span
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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3. RCC Beam & Slab Floors
❑ For larger spans and heavy loading condition or
in situation where intermediate walls are not
provided to reduce the span, RCC beam & slab floor
are introduced
❑ In this type of floor, beams & slab are designed
as rectangular sections and slab are supported on
beams
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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❑The beams and slab are cast together
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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4. Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor)
❑This floor is made of RCC which is directly supported
on columns without the use of beams or girders
❑ They are generally used where heavy loads are to
be carried and head room is limited
❑ Used for buildings such as ware houses, factories
and public building
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor) cont...
❑The column supporting the flat slab are usually
circular in section and top of column are invariably
tapered
❑ The tapered portion is called capital
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Flat Slab ( Beamles Slab Floor) cont...
❑The portion of the slab, symmetrical with column is
sometimes thickened in order to give additional
strength to the capital
❑ This thickened portion is termed as a drop panel
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Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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5. RCC Ribbed Floor Slab
Ribbed or waffle slab is a slab system which consists of
series of parallel reinforced concrete T beams framing
into reinforced concrete girders. The slab is the flange of
the beam and the extended part is the web. The extended
part is known as ribs. The spacing between the ribs
should be in general 500 mm – 750 mm. The ribs are
tapered in cross-section in its lower part.
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Types of Ribbed.
1. One way ribbed slab system
2. Two way ribbed slab system (Waffle system)
Construction of concrete upper floors
One way ribbed slab
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❑A one-way joist floor slab consists of a series of small,
reinforced concrete T beams that are connected with
girders that in turn carried by the building column.
❑T beams are known as joists which are formed by
setting steel pan at a constant spacing.
❑Concrete is cast between those spacing to make those
ribs and in this way, the slab also cast and the slab
becomes the flange of T beam.
Construction of concrete upper floors
One way ribbed slab
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Two way ribbed slab
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❑The system was designed to decrease the weight
of traditional full-concrete slabs.
❑The dome-shaped forms create a matrix of voids
surrounded by orthogonal ribbing, producing a two-
way configuration very suitable for large-spanning
slabs.
Construction of concrete upper floors
Two way ribbed slab
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❑Voids between all the domes reduce the dead load as
the width of that portion of the slab is less than a flat
slab.
❑This type of slab is known as waffle slabs because
they look like waffles with rows of beams running
underneath them.
❑ Waffle slab shows a ceiling which is suitable to install
all the electrical appliances and can give a better
Construction of concrete upper floors
outlook thus increasing the aesthetic factor.
Two way ribbed slab cont…
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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6. Precats Concrete Slab
❑ With the development of concrete construction, the
RCC precast units such as floor slabs, beams, girders are
being successfully used for floors
❑ The precast concrete floor are very strong and rigid and
can be completed in lesser time without the use of
formwork
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Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Precats Concrete Slab cont...
❑ Pre cast unit are either supported directly to the wall
or placed between the rolled steel joist of the required
section
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of pre cast slab floors
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Hollowcore slab
❑ They are Precast concrete element with
continuous voids
❑Depths vary from 100mm to 400mm depending on
the required span and loading conditions
❑Most systems are pre-stressed
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of pre cast slab floors
cont…
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1. Hollowcore slab
The precast unit span over the whole length
At the end, gout is applied as finish
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of pre cast slab floors
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2. Beam and Block
❑Different types of infill blocks can be used
❑Beam depths range from 150mm to 225mm
❑Spans up to 8m are achievable
❑Typically, the beams and blocks are covered
with a screed layer to provide a final floor finish.
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of pre cast slab floors
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Beam and Block
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of pre cast slab floors
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3. Precast lattice slab floor
❑ are typically 50mm to 100mm thick, reinforced with steel
bars forming a lattice girder that is partially embeded in the
precast unit
❑ The lattice girder are fabricated from steel reinforcement
bars and normally spaced at 300 to 600mm centres
❑ The slab unit are manufactured in widths up to 2.5 m and
overall depth up to 400mm, span up to 11 m
Construction of concrete upper floors
Types of pre cast slab floors
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Precast lattice slab floor
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Types of Concrete Upper Floors
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Precats Concrete Slab
Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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Structural elements of composite slabs
❑ Insitu concrete
❑ Profiled decking
❑ Shear connects
❑ Bar reinforcements
Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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❑consist of profiled steel decking with an in-situ
reinforced concrete topping.
❑The decking(profiled steel sheeting) not only acts
as permanent formwork to the concrete, but also
provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so
that, when the concrete has gained strength, the
two materials act together compositely
Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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❑consist of profiled steel decking with an in-situ
reinforced concrete topping.
❑The decking(profiled steel sheeting) not only acts
as permanent formwork to the concrete, but also
provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so
that, when the concrete has gained strength, the
two materials act together compositely
Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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❑span between 3 m and 4.5 m onto supporting beams or
walls
❑ In this composite slab, there is about 30% saving in
concrete materials, resulting in reduced structural weight
❑It favours fast and easy construction and also it proves
to be economical
Construction of concrete upper floors
Composite Upper Floors cont…
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Construction of concrete upper floors
