1. How many significant digits are in the following?

1829 1829.00 x 102 10.0182900

182009 182.90 0.0182900

1829000 0.00001829

182900 trees

2. Unit change

3. Do the following unit conversions:

3600s= min = h= days = year (note: 365 days per year)

1000cm= m = km = Tm = nm

329 GHz= Hz = MHz = kHz

Light speed c= 3.0 x108 m/s = km/s= km/hour = m/ms

4.
a) Light is a complex of , it has properties of and .
b) Light is made of oscillating and fields.
c) Light behave like a .
d) A wave is a that transfers from one point to another without
transferring .
1. Draw a wave to show crest, wavelength, rest position, amplitude.

2. What is the relation between wave transferred energy and wave amplitude, frequency, and
wavelengths

3. What is a prism used for?

4. In the Additive Color Theory, what are:

a) Primary colors?

b. Secondary colors?

In the Subtractive Color Theory, what are:

a. Primary colors?

b. Secondary colors?

6. An incident ray makes an angle 35⁰ with the surface of a plane mirror. What is the angle of
reflection?

7. If you are standing 1 m in front of a plane mirror, what is the distance between you and your
reflected image?

8. Think about the word below. What would the image look like if a mirror was placed along the edge
AB? BD? CD? AC? What letters are unchanged if they are reflected horizontally? Vertically?
9. A horizontal light ray strikes a mirror such that the reflected ray is directed at a 60° angle with
respect to the horizontal. What is the angle, a, that the mirror makes with the horizontal?

10. Draw a ray diagram for each to locate the image

11. In the case of a concave mirror, if the object distance is 11 cm, its focal length is 11 cm then,
Calculate the image distance.

12. An object is placed at a distance of 2 times of focal length from the pole of the convex mirror,
Calculate the linear magnification.
13. If the image is a distance of 6 cm and the object is at 12 cm in the front of the concave mirror,
Calculate the magnification formed.

14. In the case of a concave mirror if the object is placed at the distance of 12 cm. Determine the
image distance from the mirror if the height of the object to image ratio is 1:2.

Q1. Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.

Q2. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its fucus length?

Q3. Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object.

Q4. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?

Q5. Find the focal length of a convex mirror whose radius of curvature is 32 cm.
Ans. Radius of curvature R = 32 cm

Q6. A concave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object placed
at 10cm in front of it. Where is the image located?
Q7. A ray of light travelling in air enters obliquely into water. Does the light ray bend towards
the normal or away from the normal? Why?

Q8. Light enters train air to glass having a refractive index of 1.50. What is the speed of light in
the glass? The speed ref light in vacuum is 3 × 10 8 m/s.

Q9. Find out from following table the medium having highest optical density. Also find the
medium with lowest optical density.

Q10. You are given kerosene, turpentine, and water. In which of these does the light travel
fastest? Use the information given in the table above.

Q11. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What is the meaning of this statement?
Q13. A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at a distance of 50 cm from it.
Where is the needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of the
object?

Q2. The Image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the
object. Where should he the positron of the object?
(a) Between the principal focus and the centre of carvature
(b) At the centre of curvature
(c) Beyond the centre of curvature
(d) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus

Q3. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the size
of the object?
(a) At the principal focus of the lens
(b) At twice the focal length
(c) At infinity
(d ) Between the optical centre of the lens and its principal focus

Q4. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of �15 cm. The
mirror and the lens are likely to be
(a) both concave
(b) both convex
(c) the mirror is concave and the lens in convex.
(d) the mirror is convex but the lens is concave.

Q5. No matter how far stand from a mirror, your image appears erect. The mirror is likely to be
(a) plane. (b) concave.
(c) convex (d) either plane or convex.

Q6. Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in
a dictionary?
(a) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm.
(b) A concave lens of focal length 50 cm.
(c) A convex- lens of focal length 5 cm.
(d) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.

1. Rays drawing
1) The ray that travels towards the focal point will reflect and travel parallel to .
2) The ray that traveled parallel to the principal axis will reflect and travel through point.
3) A ray of light passing through is reflected back along the same path.
2. Rose Inhatt stands between a set of parallel plane mirrors (M1 and M2) as shown in the diagram
below. There is a flower on Rose's hat that is located a distance of 0.4 m from M1 and a distance of
1.0 m from M2. Since the mirrors are parallel, Rose will see an infinite number of images of the
flower as she looks in mirror M2. These images stretch towards infinity. Some of the images are
closer to the mirror than others.

Determine the distance between mirror M2 and the...

a. ... nearest image ____________
b. ... second nearest image____________
c. ... the third nearest image ____________

3. The +/- Sign Conventions

 f is if the mirror is a concave mirror

 f is if the mirror is a convex mirror
 di is if the image is a real image and located on the object's side of the mirror.
 di is if the image is a virtual image and located behind the mirror.
 hi is if the image is an upright image (and therefore, also virtual)
 hi is if the image an inverted image (and therefore, also real)

4. A 4.00-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 45.7 cm from a concave mirror having a focal length
of 15.2 cm. Determine the image distance and the image size.

5. A 4.0-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 35.5 cm from a convex mirror having a focal length of -
12.2 cm. Determine the image distance and the image size.
6. A 4.0-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 8.3 cm from a concave mirror having a focal length of
15.2 cm. (NOTE: this is the same object and the same mirror, only this time the object is placed
closer to the mirror.) Determine the image distance and the image size.

7. A 2.80-cm diameter coin is placed a distance of 25.0 cm from a convex mirror that has a focal length
of -12.0 cm. Determine the image distance and the diameter of the image.

8. An inverted image is magnified by 2 when the object is placed 22 cm in front of a concave mirror.
Determine the image distance and the focal length of the mirror.

9. A convex mirror has a focal length of -10.8 cm. An object is placed 32.7 cm from the mirror's
surface. Determine the image distance.
10. Consider the visible light spectrum as you answer these two questions.
a. Which color of the visible light spectrum has the greatest frequency?
b. Which color of the visible light spectrum has the greatest wavelength?

11. Consider the electromagnetic spectrum as you answer these three questions.
a. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest frequency?
b. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the longest wavelength?
c. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum will travel with the fastest speed?

12. For a Concave mirror, the object moving from 1 to 9 (red arrow), identify the image position.

For a Convex mirror, the object moving from 1 to 9 (red arrow), identify the image position.
13. The diagram below shows a spherical surface that is silvered on both sides. Thus, the surface serves
as double-sided mirror, with one of the sides being the concave and one being the convex side. The
principal axis, focal point, and center of curvature are shown. The region on both sides of the mirror
is divided into eight sections (labeled M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, and W). Five objects (labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, and
5) are shown at various locations about the double-sided mirror. Use the diagram to answer the
questions #1-6.

1) The image of object 1 would be located in section ______.

2) The image of object 2would be located in section ______.
3) The image of object 3 would be located in section ______.
4) The image of object 4 would be located in section ______.
5) The image of object 5 would be located in section ______.
6) The image of object 1 would be located in section ______.
7) The double-sided mirror would cause virtual image to be formed of objects ________

14. Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed of light in the glass? The
speed of light in a vacuum is 3 × 108 m s–1.

15. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the
position and nature of the image.

16. An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius of
curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature, and size.
17. An object of size 7.0 cm is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 18 cm. At what
distance from the mirror should a screen be placed so that a sharply focused image can be obtained?
Find the size and nature of the image.

18. A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object
placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram

19. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the
ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.

20. A convex lens forms a real and inverted image of a needle at distance of 50 cm. from it. Where is the
needle placed in front of the convex lens if the image is equal to the size of objects? Also, find the
power of lens.

21. A ray of light incident on a rectangular glass slab immersed in any medium emerges parallel to itself.

22. The refractive index of air with respect to glass is 2/3 and the refractive index of water with respect
to air is 4/3. If the speed of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of light in (a) air, (b) water.