BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI
HYDERABAD CAMPUS
First Semester, 2022-2023
Comprehensive Examination (Closed Book)
Course No.: MATH F311 Course Title: Introduction to Topology
Date : 26-12-2022 Max. Marks: 40
Day: Monday Duration: 3 hours
(1) Answer all the questions. All notations and terminology are according to the text book.
(2) Unless otherwise mentioned, consider R with the standard topology and Rn with the Eu-
clidean topology. Further, treat all their subsets with the subspace topologies.
(1) Define [5 × 1 = 5M]
(i) Normal Space
(ii) Second countable space
(iii) Locally compact space
(iv) Homeomorphism
(v) Closed set
(2) For the following questions 2(i) - 2(v), give only an example. No further justification is
required. [5 × 1 = 5M]
(i) Give an example of an infinite open cover of R that has no finite subcover.
(ii) Give an example of a subspace of R that has exactly n + 1 components, where n is
the last digit of the numerical part of your ID number (for example, if the ID number is
2020B4A11234H, then n=4 and thus n+1=5).
(iii) Give an example of a topological space X and a subspace Y of X such that Y is
compact but not closed.
(iv) Give a topology on the set {1, 2} × N such that there is exactly one element x0 × y0 ∈
{1, 2} × N where {x0 × y0 } is not open but {x × y} is open for all x × y 6= x0 × y0 .
(v) Give a subspace X of R such that there is exactly one finite subset of X that is open in
X.
(3) Prove the following
(i) Every finite subset of a Hausdorff space X is closed. [1M]
(ii) If X is a Hausdorff space, then a sequence of points of X converges to at most one point
of X. [1M]
(iii) Every simply ordered set is a Hausdorff space in the order topology. [2M]
(iv) A subspace of a Hausdorff space is a Hausdorff space. [1M]
(4) (i) Write the statement of Lebesgue number lemma. [1M]
(ii) If f : X → Y is a continuous map of a compact metric space (X, dX ) to a metric space
(Y, dY ), then prove that f is uniformly continuous. (You may use the Lebesgue number
lemma without proving it.) [2M]
(iii) Let f : X → Y be continuous, where Y is an ordered set in the order topology. If X
is compact, then prove that there exists a point d in X such that f (x) ≤ f (d) for every
x ∈ X. [2M]
(5) Prove the following
(i) Every metrizable space is normal. [3M]
(ii) Every compact Hausdorff space is normal. [2M]
(6) (i) Let X be a set and let D be a collection of subsets of X that is maximal with respect
to the finite intersection property. If A is a subset of X that intersects every element of D,
then prove that A is an element of D. (You may use the fact that any finite intersection of
elements of D is an element of D, without proving it.) [2M]
(ii) Prove that an arbitrary product of compact spaces is compact in the product topology.
[3M]
(7) (i) Show that X is Hausdorff if and only if the diagonal ∆ = {x × x|x ∈ X} is closed in
X × X with product topology. [3M]
(ii) In the finite complement topology on R, to what point or points does the sequence ( n1 )
converge? Justify your answer. [2M]
(8) (i) Is Q connected? Justify your answer. [1M]
(ii) Is Rω connected in box topology? Justify your answer. [3M]
(iii) Let τ1 ⊂ τ2 . If τ1 is connected, then does it follow that τ2 is connected? Justify by
giving a proof if your answer is yes and a counter example if it is no. [1M]
Notes: You may use the following facts without proving them.
(1) Image of a compact space under a continuous map is compact.
(2) If X is Hausdorff, then a point x ∈ X and a compact subspace of X not containing x can
be separated by open sets.
(3) Let X be a set; let A be a collection of subsets of X having the finite intersection property.
Then there is a collection D of subsets of X such that D contains A, and D has the finite
intersection property, and no collection of subsets of X that properly contains D has this
property.
