Endocrine System correctly matched with the example or

description?
1) ________ are intercellular chemical A) Protein hormone—Anterior pituitary
signals, secreted by nerve cells, and are hormones
important in functions of the nervous B) Protein hormone—Prostaglandin-like
system. hormone
A) Pheromones C) Lipid hormone—Steroids
B) Hormones D) Peptide hormone—Posterior pituitary
C) Neurotransmitters hormones
D) Autocrine chemical messengers E) Lipid hormone—Hormone that diffuses
E) Paracrine chemical messengers through the cell membrane.

2) ________ are substances released by

7) Which of these statements concerning
cells that affect other cells nearby.
A) Pheromones hormone action is TRUE?
B) Hormones A) Most protein and peptide hormones bind
C) Neurotransmitters to receptors on the surface of the cell
D) Autocrine chemical messengers membrane.
E) Paracrine chemical messengers B) The combination of a hormone with its
receptor may alter the permeability of the
3) Hormones alter cellular properties and cell membrane.
functions by C) A hormone that combines with a receptor
A) changing the quantities of enzymes in the cell membrane may act as a first
present. messenger.
B) opening or closing ion channels. D) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) functions as a
C) changing the rate of enzyme breakdown. second messenger.
D) changing the rates of transcription or E) All of the choices are correct.
translation in a cell.
E) All of the choices are correct. 8) Intracellular receptors
A) are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus
4) Lipid-soluble hormones of the cell.
A) are polar molecules. B) typically bind to lipophilic (hydrophobic)
B) bind to intracellular receptors in the chemical signals.
target cell. C) are associated with hormones such as
C) dissolve readily in water for easy steroids.
transport in the blood. D) may cause changes in transcription and
D) include those hormones derived from translation when bound to appropriate
proteins and amino acids. signals.
E) All of the choices are correct. E) All of the choices are correct.
5) Thyroid hormones 9) Membrane-bound receptors can
A) are amino acid derivatives. A) open or close membrane channels.
B) are lipid-soluble. B) activate G proteins.
C) can diffuse through the cell membrane of C) activate enzymes attached to the cell
the target cell. membrane.
D) bind to intracellular receptors in the D) produce a cascade effect by activating
target cell. many enzymes inside the cell.
E) All of the choices are correct. E) All of the choices are correct.
6) Which type of hormone molecule is NOT
10) Hormones alter cellular properties and
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functions by A) is a collection of nerves that connect the
A) changing the quantities of enzymes hypothalamus and posterior pituitary.
present. B) includes capillary beds and veins that
B) opening or closing ion channels. transport releasing hormones.
C) changing the rate of enzyme breakdown. C) allows the anterior pituitary to control the
D) changing the rates of transcription or hypothalamus and cerebrum.
translation in a cell. D) connects the hypothalamus to the
E) All of the choices are correct. midbrain.
E) carries blood directly to the posterior
11) ________ are produced in response to pituitary.
hormonal activation of G proteins.
A) Primary messengers 16) Which of the following is
B) Hormones INCORRECTLY paired with its location or
C) Secondary messengers function?
D) Pheromones A) C cells — scattered throughout loose
E) All of the choices are correct. connective tissue between thyroid follicles
B) C cells — secretion of calcitonin
12) Releasing and inhibiting hormones that C) Thyroglobulin — scattered throughout
control anterior pituitary hormone secretion loose connective tissue between thyroid
are produced by the ________. follicles
A) anterior pituitary D) Thyroglobulin — colloid of thyroid
B) posterior pituitary follicles
C) hypothalamus E) Thyroid hormones — regulation of
D) adrenal gland metabolic rate in the body
E) pineal gland
17) Gonadotropins
13) The posterior pituitary gland is stimulated A) are secreted by the posterior pituitary.
to secrete hormones by B) regulate growth, development, and
function of the ovaries and testes.
A) stimulation of neurons within the C) include both TSH and ACTH.
hypothalamus. D) are controlled by a releasing hormone
B) stimulation of glandular cells within the from the thyroid gland.
posterior pituitary. E) directly promote water retention by the
C) stimulation of the cells of the kidneys.
infundibulum.
D) stimulation of neurons within the 18) Thyroid hormones are synthesized and
anterior pituitary. stored in the ________ of the thyroid.
E) All of the choices are correct. A) C cells
B) follicles
14) The hypothalamus controls the activity C) parafollicular cells
of the pituitary gland by D) capillaries
A) secreting neurohormones. E) portal system
B) secreting releasing hormones.
C) secreting inhibiting hormones. 19) Growth hormone
D) stimulation of nerve cells within the
hypothalamus, which extend into the A) stimulates lipid synthesis.
posterior pituitary gland. B) favors protein breakdown.
E) All of the choices are correct. C) deficiency in an adult can produce
pituitary dwarfism.
15) The hypothalamic-pituitary portal D) excess after growth is complete produces
system acromegaly.
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E) Both "deficiency in an adult can produce
pituitary dwarfism" and "excess after 5) Which of these hormones increases blood
growth is complete produces acromegaly" glucose levels, increases lipid breakdown, but
are correct. slows protein breakdown?

20) ACTH stimulates the A) Glucagon

A) thyroid gland. B) Epinephrine
B) ovaries and testes. C) Insulin
C) hypothalamus. D) Glucocorticoids
D) adrenal cortex. E) Growth hormone
E) posterior pituitary.
26) Melatonin
21) ADH A) is secreted by the thymus gland.
A) is sometimes called oxytocin. B) is thought to increase the secretion of
B) can cause blood vessels to constrict when releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
present in the blood in large amounts. C) increases FSH and LH secretion.
C) causes "milk letdown" from the breasts D) may be controlled by changes in day
of lactating women. length.
D) stimulates melanocytes and causes them E) All of the choices are correct.
to synthesize melanin.
E) is sometimes called oxytocin and can 27) Insulin is secreted by the
cause blood vessels to constrict when A) anterior pituitary gland.
present in the blood in large amounts as B) posterior pituitary gland.
properties. C) adrenal cortex.
D) adrenal medulla.
22) Calcitonin E) beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
A) is secreted by the parathyroid glands.
B) increases the amount of calcium 28) Oxytocin is secreted by the
absorbed by the intestine. A) anterior pituitary gland.
C) is synthesized by C cells of the thyroid B) posterior pituitary gland.
gland. C) adrenal cortex.
D) increases the rate of calcium release from D) adrenal medulla.
bone. E) beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
E) is secreted when blood calcium levels
drop too low. 29) Growth hormone is secreted by the
A) anterior pituitary gland.
23) Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include B) posterior pituitary gland.
A) increased appetite. C) adrenal cortex.
B) lack of thirst. D) adrenal medulla.
C) high energy level. E) beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
D) limited urine output.
E) All of the choices are correct. 30) Follicle-stimulating hormone is secreted
by the
24) Secretion of which of these hormones A) anterior pituitary gland.
would increase shortly after a meal? B) posterior pituitary gland.
A) Glucagon C) adrenal cortex.
B) Growth hormone D) adrenal medulla.
C) Epinephrine E) beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
D) Glucocorticoids
E) Insulin
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31) Target cells in the thyroid gland respond breasts of lactating women" and "causes
to ________. contraction of the muscle of the uterus" are
A) LH correct.
B) prolactin
C) ACTH 36) The adrenal medulla
D) ADH A) is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous
E) TSH system.
B) produces epinephrine and
32) Type I diabetes mellitus norepinephrine.
A) is caused by the secretion of too little C) is stimulated when a person is physically
insulin from the pancreas. excited.
B) is caused by the insufficient numbers of D) produces the fight-or-flight response.
insulin receptors on target cells. E) All of the choices are correct.
C) is caused by defective receptors that do
not respond to insulin. 37) Cortisol
D) can be regulated by diet alone. A) is classified as a glucocorticoid.
E) Both "is caused by the insufficient B) initiates the breakdown of protein and
numbers of insulin receptors on target cells" lipids.
and "is caused by defective receptors that do C) reduces the inflammatory effect (when in
not respond to insulin" are correct. pharmacological doses).
D) secretion is stimulated by ACTH.
33) A man with an abnormally high level of E) All of the choices are correct.
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
would exhibit which of the following 38) Adrenal androgens
symptoms? A) are produced in large amounts by the
A) Hyperglycemia adrenal medulla.
B) Reduced sperm production B) stimulate the development of male sexual
C) Increased frequency of urination characteristics.
D) Darkening of the skin C) reduce the inflammatory response as a
E) Constant thirst primary effect.
D) cause reabsorption of potassium and
34) T3 (triiododthyronine) water.
A) synthesis requires calcium. E) All of the choices are correct.
B) binding to target tissues causes increases
in metabolism, body temperature, and 39) The thymus gland
normal growth. A) becomes smaller with increasing age.
C) contains four iodine molecules. B) is important in the function of the
D) is released from the thymus gland. immune system.
E) is released in response to T4 secretion. C) secretes thymosin.
D) is found in the upper part of the thoracic
35) Prolactin cavity above the heart.
A) helps development and production of E) All of the choices are correct.
milk in the breast.
B) causes "milk letdown" from the breasts 40) If blood glucose decreases below
of lactating women. normal,
C) causes contraction of the muscle of the A) the nervous system will malfunction.
uterus. B) the increased breakdown of lipids tends
D) stimulates development of sperm cells in to produce metabolic alkalosis.
males. C) large volumes of urine will be produced.
E) Both "causes "milk letdown" from the D) the heart rate will decrease.
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E) All of these choices are correct. physician, maybe an endocrinologist,
because he thinks it may be a hormonal
41) Insulin is secreted in response to imbalance. Which gland or endocrine
A) increased blood glucose levels. structure is most likely involved, based on
B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation. the description of Nina's symptoms?
C) decreased blood levels of amino acids. A) Thyroid
D) All of the choices are correct. B) Parathyroid
C) Adrenal
42) Aldosterone D) Thymus
A) causes potassium ions to be retained in E) Kidney
the body.
B) secretion is stimulated primarily by 46) Hyperparathyroidism
ACTH. A) is an abnormally low production or
C) secretion increases when blood secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
potassium levels increase. B) results in an increase in blood cell
D) causes increased retention of sodium production.
ions and water by the body. C) results in an increase in calcium levels in
E) Both "secretion increases when blood the blood.
potassium levels increase" and "causes D) is an abnormally high production of
increased retention of sodium ions and calcitonin.
water by the body" are correct. E) is caused by an increase in the absorption
of potassium from the small intestine.
43) Which of these statements concerning
aldosterone secretion is NOT correct? 47) Which of the following is NOT a
function of the endocrine system?
A) Low blood pressure stimulates the A) Regulates water balance by controlling
release of renin from the kidney. the solute concentration of the blood
B) Renin causes angiotensinogen to be B) Regulates skeletal muscle contraction
converted to angiotensin I. strength
C) Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex C) Regulates satiation and the breakdown of
to increase aldosterone secretion. food into individual nutrients
D) Aldosterone causes increased potassium D) Regulates the rate of metabolism
retention. E) Regulates the levels of nutrients such as
E) Angiotensin II constricts blood vessels. glucose in the blood
44) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 48) A hormone is described as a molecule
A) increases calcium level in the blood. that
B) inhibits the formation of active vitamin D A) is produced in varying amounts by
in the kidneys. collections of cells.
C) decreases the rate of bone breakdown. B) enters blood and is transported some
D) has an effect similar to that of calcitonin. distance.
E) All of the choices are correct. C) acts on specific tissues called target
tissues.
45) Nina has been extremely tired lately. D) All of the choices are correct.
She feels overwhelmed with school and
work, and lacks the motivation to participate 49) Exocrine glands differ from endocrine
in many of the fun activities she usually glands in that exocrine glands
enjoys. She has noticed that she has gained
weight, even though she doesn't feel that she A) secrete only into the bloodstream.
has changed her diet. A family friend, who B) secrete only local hormones.
is also a nurse, suggested that she see a C) secrete through ducts or tubes to the
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body's exterior or into a hollow organ. to bind to one type of receptor and not to
D) only secrete salts. others is called ________.
E) secrete only into the urine. A) agonism
B) antagonism
50) Most hormones are taken up and C) specificity
degraded by the ________ and ________. D) complementarity
A) liver; kidney
B) spleen; kidney 56) Which of the following statements is
C) spleen; liver NOT true of prostaglandins?
D) bone marrow; spleen A) Prostaglandins are more often function
E) bone marrow; liver as autocrine or paracrine chemical signals.
B) Some prostaglandins cause smooth
51) Secretion of hormones is controlled by muscle cells to relax.
A) the concentration of mineral ions in the C) Prostaglandins are secreted by the
blood. pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels.
B) neural input. D) Platelets secrete prostaglandins as part of
C) tropic hormones. normal blood clotting.
D) the concentration of mineral ions in the E) Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin activity.
blood and tropic hormones.
E) All of the choices are correct. 57) Which of the following changes to the
endocrine system is NOT a result of aging?
52) The hypothalamus secretes ________, A) GH secretion decreases.
which are classified as ________ hormones. B) Melatonin secretion decreases.
They increase the secretion of an anterior C) Thyroid hormone secretion decreases.
pituitary hormone, or ________ hormones, D) Parathyroid hormone secretion
whereby they decrease the secretion of an decreases.
anterior pituitary hormone.
A) hormones; inhibiting; releasing 58) Removal of the anterior pituitary would
B) regulatory hormones; releasing; affect the functioning of the
transferring A) thyroid gland.
C) neurohormones; releasing; inhibitory B) pancreas islets of Langerhans in the
D) stimulatory hormones; secretory; pancreas.
inhibitory C) parathyroid gland.
D) adrenal medulla.
53) ________ is inhibited by humoral E) kidney.
stimuli.
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 59) In response to high blood glucose, the
B) Glucagon pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose
C) Testosterone to enter body cells. When the blood glucose
level returns to normal, insulin release stops.
54) Which of the following is a mechanism This is an example of regulation by
that helps maintain fairly constant levels of ________.
certain hormones in the blood? A) endocrine dysplasia
A) Hormones move into target organs. B) negative feedback
B) Hormones are associated with binding C) positive feedback
proteins. D) neural regulation
C) Hormones are excreted by the kidneys. E) somatic regulation
D) Hormones are broken down by enzymes.

55) The tendency for each type of hormone

6
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60) This figure shows the endocrine system. 64) Joshua has failed to study for his lab
Which number indicates the thymus gland? practical. He knows that Mr. Lyons will test
him on the various glands of the body so he
is prepared to "divide and conquer" by first
determining if the gland is exocrine or
endocrine. Which characteristics should he
look for to determine this?
A) If the gland has ducts, this indicates an
endocrine gland.
B) If the gland is associated with the
exterior of the body, this indicates an
exocrine gland.
C) If the gland is highly vascularized, this
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, indicates an exocrine gland.
Inc. Permission required for reproduction or D) If the gland is associated with the
display. digestive tract, this indicates an endocrine
A) 1 gland.
B) 2
C) 3 65) Hormones alter cellular properties and
D) 4 functions by
E) 5 A) changing the quantities of enzymes
present.
61) Ted was playing softball with several of B) opening or closing ion channels.
his friends when a line drive hit him in the C) changing the rate of enzyme breakdown.
chest. Which gland of the body could D) changing the rates of transcription or
possibly be damaged from this type of translation in a cell.
injury? E) All of the choices are correct.
A) Thyroid
B) Thymus 66) Upon initial chemical analysis an
C) Pancreas unknown hormone is identified as a peptide
D) Adrenal gland hormone. Based on this information, which
E) Pineal gland of the following statements about the
hormone is NOT true?
62) Which of the following is NOT a A) The hormone has a very long half-life in
regulatory function of the endocrine system? the blood.
A) Regulation of metabolism rate B) The hormone is water-soluble.
B) Tissue development C) The hormone most likely is transported
C) Regulation of the defense of the body in the blood as a free hormone.
D) Control of blood glucose levels D) The hormone most likely binds to
E) All of the choices are correct. membrane receptors on the target cell.
E) None of the choices are correct.
63) The ________ are the structures of the
body that hormones associate with to 67) High blood calcium levels stimulate the
produce a coordinated response. secretion of calcitonin from the thyroid
A) effectors gland. Which of the following statements
B) target tissues correctly characterizes the regulation of
C) hormones calcitonin secretion?
D) synapses A) Calcitonin is regulated by humoral
E) Both "effectors" and "target tissues" are stimuli.
correct. B) Calcitonin is regulated by neural stimuli.
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C) Calcitonin is regulated by hormonal D) humoral regulation
stimuli.
D) Both "Calcitonin is regulated by neural 72) George is studying the action of a
stimuli." and "Calcitonin is regulated by certain hormone in a model organism. He
hormonal stimuli." are correct. knows that the hormone is water-soluble
E) All of the choices are correct. and that it binds to membrane-bound
receptors. He would like to determine
68) Inhibiting hormones from the whether if this hormone causes the
hypothalamus regulate the secretion of appearance of second messengers in the cell.
anterior pituitary hormones through ________ Which of the following results would
regulation. indicate the involvement of second
messengers?
A) humoral A) After binding, the level of activity of
B) neural certain enzymes inside the cell increases
C) hormonal dramatically.
D) Both "neural" and "hormonal" are B) After binding, the membrane potential
correct. changes.
E) All of the choices are correct. C) After binding, protein synthesis
increases.
69) An unknown hormone that regulates D) All of the choices are correct.
blood potassium levels is regulated by a
positive-feedback mechanism. Which of the 73) Hannah has been feeling very "on edge"
following statements best describes the lately and has developed a voracious appetite,
regulation of the hormone's secretion? though she just seems to continue to lose
A) An increase in the level of circulating weight. Her physician has discovered that her
hormone would inhibit further secretion of symptoms are the result of abnormal secretion
the same hormone. by her anterior pituitary. Which anterior
B) An increase in the level of circulating
pituitary hormone is most likely involved?
hormone would stimulate further secretion
of the same hormone. A) TSH
C) A decrease in the level of circulating B) ACTH
hormone would stimulate further secretion C) GH
of the same hormone. D) MSH

70) Which of the following changes would 74) The regulation of blood glucose is a
be most disruptive to hormone action at the typical example of negative feedback.
target tissue? Insulin and glucagon work together to
A) A change in the shape of the receptor site maintain blood glucose levels in a narrow
B) An increase in the number of receptors range. The function of glucagon is to
on the target tissue increase blood glucose. What is the stimulus
C) The introduction of a new receptor for glucagon secretion?
molecule on the target tissue A) Low blood glucose levels
D) All of the choices are correct. B) High blood glucose levels

71) When a hormone binds to a membrane- 75) Which hormone could athletes use to
bound receptor, it stimulates the appearance increase performance by possibly increasing
of several second messengers in the cell. ATP production in the muscles?
This is known as ________. A) Erythropoietin
A) amplification B) Aldosterone
B) inhibition C) ACTH
C) stimulation
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D) Glucagon

76) Sara is a 67-year-old grandmother who

has recently experienced an ankle fracture.
She was surprised when her doctor told her
that the fracture was due to age-related
changes in her endocrine system that
resulted in lower levels of calcium in her
bones. What change in her endocrine system
would have this result?
A) Decreased TSH secretion
B) Increased TSH secretion
C) Decreased PTH secretion
D) Increased PTH secretion

9
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