PER DEV SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN MIDDLE AND LATE
ADOLESCENCE
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Even before language was invented, pre-historic humans SOCIAL GROUP
were already interacting through many forms of A collection of 2 or more people who interact with each
behaviour. other, share similar characteristics, and have a sense of
Survival is the primary reason why we have a need to unity.
belong. Social groups can vary in size and type, from small
This is the type of relationship which is closely groups like dyads to large groups like societies.
associated with a person and which can only have
meaning to this person. TYPES OF SOCIAL GROUPS
It involves a degree of commitment to another person. Primary Groups
Close, personal relationships (e.g., family, friends).
How are Attachments Developed? Secondary Groups
The very first meaningful relationship every human Larger, task-focused (e.g., work teams, clubs).
being encounter is with one’s mother.
Our relationships in the future are shaped to a large FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL GROUPS
extent by our attachment to our parents. Support & Belongingness : emotional and social support
Socialization: learning norms and behaviors.
AINSWORTH’S ATTACHMENT THEORY Goal Achievement: collaborating to accomplish tasks.
Secure Attachment Social Control: regulating behavior through group norms
Will grow up to have more stable relationships.
Avoidant Attachment GROUP DYNAMICS
The child senses rejection which leads to Group Norms & Roles - unspoken rules and expected
detachment. behaviors.
Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment Conformity - aligning behavior with group expectations.
When the caregiver is inconsistent, the child may Group-think - when desire for harmony leads to pour
develop mixed feelings. decisions.
FISHER’S 3 STAGES OF FALLING IN LOVE LEADERHIP IN GROUPS
Lust Types of leaders
Driven by sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen. Task-oriented vs. Relationship-oriented leaders.
Attraction Leadership styles
Involves neurotransmitters such as dopamine, Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire.
norepinephrine and serotonin. Impact
Attachment Leadership affects group cohesion and
Long-lasting commitments are exchanged. performance.
Other Reason for Attraction SOCIAL GROUP IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Transference - sometimes when we meet people, we Virtual Communities
are reminded of someone we know in the past. Social media, online forums, and gaming groups.
Propinquity Effect - we develop a sense of familiarity Impact
with people who are close to us. Extended reach but potential for superficial
Similarity - we are often attracted to like-minded connections.
persons.
Reciprocity - we like people who like us back. REAL WORLD EXAMPLES
Physical Attractiveness - connotes positive health and Social Movements: groups working for change (e.g.,
reproductive system. climate activism).
Personality - possessing desirable traits such as Work Teams: collaboration in workplaces
optimism and empathy. Subcultures: groups with distinct values (e.g., music or
gaming communities).
Responsibilities in a Relationship
Be responsible for what you think and say to the other SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
person. Personal relationships are usually present among family
Be responsible for what you promise to do or not do. members, close friends, and lovers.
Ensure the relationship is mutually beneficial. Social relationships tend to be less intimate, with lesser
Respect the other parties involved. self-disclosure, but may still be exclusive and may
Be ready when support is needed. demand certain levels of loyalty.
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Social influence may include behavior, actions, attitudes,
and/or ideas of persons as a result of the action/s of the
other person/s
Cellectivists (e.g., Filipino Japanese etc.) are more likely
to conform that individualists.
obtaining and processing information about self,
TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE occupational and educational alternatives, life styles, and
Conformity - a change in behavior or beliefs as the role options.
result of real or imagined group pressure.
Identification - when a person is influenced by someone DONALD SUPER’S LIFE CAREER RAINBOW
he likes
Internalization - when person is able to own a certain
belief or act, and is willing to make it known publicly
and privately.
2 TYPES OF CONFORMITY
Normative Influence - conformity based on a person’s
desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain
acceptance.
Other Types of Influence
Conversion - when an individual wholeheartedly
changes his original thinking and beliefs to align with
those of the other members.
Minority Influence - happens when a bigger group of
people is influenced by a smaller one.
Reactance - when there is a willing rejection of social
influence
Obedience - following what someone else tells you to do
without necessarily agreeing to it.
Persuasion - is used by one person or group to influence
another person or group.
LEADERSHIP
Encouraging a group of which one is a member to get
things done and at the same time maintaining good
relations within the group.
DIFFERENT THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
Trait Theory - leadership is based on certain
characteristics.
Behavioral Theory - leadership is a learned behavior.
Participative Theory - involves other people to make
common decisions.
Situation Theory - no one style of leadership is
effective in all situations.
Transactional Theory - usually employs reward and
punishment.
Transformational Theory - a visionary leader rallies
everyone to make the vision happen.
PERSONS AND CAREER
CAREER AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
A career is a profession that a person may get into, either
because he has found a good match between his life
goals, skills, personality and interests with a dream job,
or it may just be to earn a living.
CAREER SELECTION AMONG FILIPINOS
It is believed that a college diploma is a major factor in
improving one’s quality of life.
There are instances wherein the padre de familia chooses
the course for the children.
Some high paying jobs may or may not match the
person’s interest, skills, and passions.
CAREER DEVELOPMENT TEHORIES
Hansen defines career as the continuous lifelong process
of developmental experiences that focuses on seeking,
FAMILY STRUCTURE & LEGACIES CONDITIONALLY SEPERATED FAMILY
A family wherein one of the family members is
FAMILY conditionally separated from the others. This separation
Family, as defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary, is may be due to their job or employment or could be due
the basic unit of society. to hospitalization.
It is composed of individuals living together in one
household either connected by marriage, blood, or by CHILDLESS FAMILY
legal arrangement. Married couple without children
Family comes from the Latin word familia which means
group of people living in the household. GAY OR LESBIAN FAMILY
Family could be related by blood, by birth, or by other A family wherein one or both parents have a different
relationship. sexual orientation and part or the LGBT community.
It is the smallest organization in the community.
It is said to be a group of individual living together in MIGRANT FAMILY
one household. It is a family who settles together in a different place; it
Family comes from different forms. It could vary from could be from one place to another due to some
one family to another. It is usually composed of mother, circumstances such as the father’s job.
father and children; some other includes grandparents,
aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives. IMMIGRANT FAMILY
A family wherein one or both parents are already an
TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURES immigrant of other coutry. Their childran may be or may
not be an immigrant.
NUCLEAR FAMILY
It is also known as “conjugal” or “traditional” family,
consisting of married couples and their offspring. EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL LEGACY
EX: mother, father, and children
EXTENDED FAMILY
This type of family includes all relatives in proximity,
such as grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins. These
relatives typically live together, and all share daily
household duties.
SINGPLE PARENT FAMILY
This family type includes one parent and their children
only. A single parent family could be the result of a
divorce, the death of one parent, or even a single parent
adoption.
STEP FAMILY
A family where the parents have divorced and remarried,
bringing children from other unions together to form a
new nuclear family.
It is also known as the “blended” family because two
families were combined.
FOSTER FAMILY
A family includes parent who serves as a temporary
guardian for one or more children to whom they may or
may not be biologically related.
ADOPTED/ADOPTIVE FAMILY
A family wherein parents may adopt a child to whom
they share no blood relationship, or one parent may
adopt the child of the other parent.
BI-RACIAL/MULTI-RACIAL FAMILY
A family wherein parents are from different races
EX: filipina mother, american father, children
TRANS-RACIAL ADOPTIVE FAMILY
A family wherein parents adopt a child with a different
race
EX: american parents, adopted filipino children
