Black Hole
By Vansh Pratap Singh
Table of contents
01 02 03
Definition Formation Classification
What is and brief on black How black holes are Types of black holes
holes formed
04 05 06
Detection Structure Theories
How to detect a black hole Structure of black holes Unproved theories on
black holes
01
Definition of
black holes
A black hole is a region of spacetime
where gravity is so strong that nothing, not
even light and other electromagnetic
waves, is capable of possessing enough
energy to escape it. Einstein's theory of
general relativity predicts that a sufficiently
compact mass can deform spacetime to
form a black hole.
Brief history of the black holes
The idea of a body so big that even light could not escape was briefly
proposed by English astronomical pioneer and clergyman John Michell in a
letter published in November 1784. Michell's simplistic calculations
assumed such a body might have the same density as the Sun, and
concluded that one would form when a star's diameter exceeds the Sun's
by a factor of 500, and its surface escape velocity exceeds the usual
speed of light.
02
Formation of
black holes
We will find answers like how a black hole
is formed
How a black hole is formed
Black holes are created through various methods, but the most frequently
observed process is through "Supernova Explosions and Direct Collapse."
03
Classification
of black holes
We will find answers like are there different
types of black holes
Types of black holes
Stellar Intermediate Supermassive
Miniature Primordial
Stellar black holes
When a star with more than eight times the Sun’s mass runs out of fuel, its core
collapses, rebounds, and explodes as a supernova. What’s left behind depends on the
star’s mass before the explosion. If it was near the threshold, it creates a city-sized,
superdense neutron star. If it had around 20 times the Sun’s mass or more, the star’s core
collapses into a stellar-mass black hole.
Intermediate black holes
An intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) is a class of black hole with mass in the range
102–105 solar masses: significantly higher than stellar black holes
Supermassive black holes
Almost every large galaxy, including our Milky Way, has a supermassive black hole at its
center. These monster objects have hundreds of thousands to billions of times the Sun’s
mass, although some scientists place the lower boundary at tens of thousands.
This is the image of a supermassive
black hole Sagittarius A
Miniature black holes
Miniature black holes, also known as micro black holes or quantum black holes, are
hypothetical small black holes that have masses much smaller than those of stellar-mass
black holes.
Primordial black holes
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are hypothetical black holes thought to have formed in the
early universe, shortly after the Big Bang. Unlike black holes that form from the collapse
of massive stars, primordial black holes could have formed from density fluctuations in the
hot, dense environment of the early universe.
04
Detection of
black holes
We will find answers like how to detect a black hole
How to detect a black hole
Detecting a black hole is a challenging task because black holes themselves do
not emit light. However, their presence can be inferred through their gravitational
effects on surrounding matter and the radiation emitted by material falling into
them. Here are the primary methods used to detect black holes:
✓ Accretion Disks and X-ray Emission
✓ Gravitational Waves
✓ Orbital Dynamics of Companion Stars
✓ Gravitational Lensing
✓ Radio Observations of the Galactic Center
✓ Direct Imaging
05
Structure of
black holes
We will find answers like what are the parts of a
black hole
What are the parts of a black hole?
✓There are two basic parts to a black hole: the singularity and the event horizon.
✓The event horizon is the "point of no return" around the black hole. It is not a
physical surface, but a sphere surrounding the black hole that marks where the
escape velocity is equal to the speed of light.
06
Theories of
black holes
We will find what are the unproved theories on
black holes
What are the unproved theories on black
holes?
✓Are there micro black holes?
✓What is it like inside a black hole?
✓Does Hawking radiation exist?
✓How do black holes die?
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