University of Chittagong
Department of Mathematics
First year [Link]. (Honours) Examination-2022
Course Title: Fundamental of Mathematics
Course Code: Math-101
Time: 4 Hours Full Marks: 100
[Instruction: Answer any 05 (Five) questions taking at least 2(Two) questions
From each group. The questions are of equal marks and figures in the margin
indicate full marks. Answer the several parts of a equation sequentially.]
Group-A: Basic Algebra
Q1. a) If ai > 0, ai < 1 and Sn = ∑ 𝑎𝑖 , where I = 1,2, … … , n; then 5
1
prove that 1- Sn <(1-a1)(1-a2) … … (1-an)<1+𝑆 .
𝑛
b) If a, b, c > 0 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 2𝑆 , then show that 5
𝑆 3 ≥ 27(𝑆 − 𝑎)(𝑆 − 𝑏)(𝑆 − 𝑐).
c) If a, b, c are unequal and positive numbers, then show that 5
1 1 1
𝑎8 + 𝑏 8 + 𝑐 8 > 𝑎3 𝑏 3 𝑐 3 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ).
d) Prove that (1 + 𝑥)1−𝑥 (1 − 𝑥)1+𝑥 < 1 , if 𝑥 < 1 and hence prove that 5
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 < ( ) .
2
Q2. a) Define with example: Diagonal matrix, Upper triangular matrix, 5
Lower triangular matrix, Hermitian matrix and Skew hermitian matrix.
b) Prove that every square matrix can be expressed as a sum of a 5
symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix.
c) Solve the following equations with the help of matrix: 5
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 3 , 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 4 , 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 9𝑧 = 6.
𝑎−𝑏−𝑐 2𝑎 2𝑎
d) Show that, | 2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 | = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3 5
2𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
Q3. a) Find the relation between roots and co-efficients of an nth 5
degree polynomial equation.
b) Solve the equation 45𝑥 3 − 39𝑥 2 − 26𝑥 + 16 = 0, the roots being 5
in G.P.
c) If a, b, c be the roots of equation 𝑥 3 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑟 = 0 then find an 5
𝑏 𝑐 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
equation whose roots are 𝑐 + 𝑏 , 𝑎 + 𝑐 and 𝑏 + 𝑎.
d) Find 𝑆5 from the equation 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6 = 0 by 5
Newton’s formula.
Q4. a) Sum to n terms of series 5
4+44+444+ … … n terms
b) Sum of the series upto n terms 5
1 1 1
+ + + ……
1.3.5 3.5.7 5.7.9
c) Test the convergence of the series 5
3 3.6 3.6.9
𝑥 + 7.10 𝑥 2 + 7.10.13 𝑥 3 + … …
7
d) Test the convergence of the series, whose general term is 5
𝑈𝑛 = √𝑛2 + 1 −n .
Group-B: Plane and Spherical Trigonometry
Q5. a) State De Moivre’s theorem and prove it for positive integers. 5
b) If a denotes cos 2𝛼 + 𝑖sin 2𝛼 ,with similar expressions for b, c, d, 5
1
then prove that √𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 + = 2 cos(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 + 𝛿).
√𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑
c) If 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 and 1 + √1 − 𝑎2 = 𝑛𝑎 , prove that 5
𝑎 𝑛
1 + 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 2𝑛 (1 + 𝑛𝑥) (1 + 𝑥 ).
d) Find all the values of 𝑥 9 = 1 5
Q6. a) If cos −1 (𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣) = 𝛼 + 𝑖𝛽, prove that cos 2 𝛼 and cosh2 𝛽 are the 5
roots of the equation 𝑥 2 − (1 + 𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 )𝑥 + 𝑢2 = 0.
1 sin (𝜃+𝑖𝜙)
b) Show that tan−1(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝜙) = 2𝑖 𝑙𝑜𝑔 sin (𝜃−𝑖𝜙). 5
c) Show that, when 𝜃 is a +ve acute angle, 5
1 1
log cos 𝜃 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃 + 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝜃 −… …
d) Sum to infinity the series 5
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 +… …
Q7. a) Show that, if x, y, z are the cube roots of unity, 5
tan−1 𝑥 tan−1 𝑦 tan−1 𝑧 1 1
+ + = 3 (1 − 7 + 13 −. … … ).
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
b) Find the sum of the series 5
1 1
tan−1 2.12 + tan−1 2.22 +… ….. to n terms.
c) Find the sum of the series 5
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 3𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 5𝛼 +… … to n terms.
d) Find the sum of the series 5
sin3 𝛼 + sin3 (𝛼 + 𝛽) + sin3 (𝛼 + 3𝛽) +… … to n terms.
Q8. a) Find the value of cosine of an angle of a spherical triangle in 5
Terms of cosine and sine of the sides.
b) Prove that, the sine of the angles of a spherical triangle are 5
proportional to the sine of the opposite side i.e.,
sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
= = .
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
c) State Napier’s analogies. Prove that 5
1
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑎−𝑏) 𝐶
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 2
1 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2.
cos (𝑎−𝑏)
2
d) Show that the sum of the three sides of a spherical triangle is 5
less than the circumference of a great circle i.e., 3600
