Scan Me

Centre of Mass
calculation of centre of Mass of a system
i Two Particle system
From definition of Cong
e r s
m M mz mass x its distancefrom const
e s centreofMass
h 92 Mr const
m h MHz i
hit 92 k ii

from egh i and eq ai

9 Mz h Sz m G
M s M Mz
my

Ii For More than Two Particle system

Tdm Emist
y n
Emi
Ml
To M2
In Mitts Matiz MzP3
Mi 92 Mit MztMz

Ray Emir Emig

3 gM3 Emi
s yay Emi
x

Iii For continuous Mass system

qan Jetdm
Y n conBtionffus
Sam
dm dm differentialMass
fr
Kam JRdm 5 Yay
Sydm
x Jdm Sdm
NOTE i Different Types of Mass densities

LinearMass SurfaceMass Volume Mass

density x density r density S
eg thin nod thin wire
thin
Eg Thin disc
thin sheet
eg solid sphere
solid cone etc
ring thin sphericalshell
 S Mass
X Mass Mass Tune key
m3
length
Rmt r
A_tm or
09 Oh S dm Sdv
X dm Adl dm rdA dnf
dared r
diff
ci centre of Mass of Uniform density symmetric objects will be at
geometric centre of the objects
En
n Yidentbeoid
n Rod
n L cM am
Midpoint

Disc R
Triangular
Plate

Ciii centre of Mass of some popular objects

Ain a
c
A
semi circular
Eh
c
Hollow henri
Seoni circular Disc CR sphereCR
RingCRI

A cm cm
oh hey
8 3
co a co
solidhemisphere Hollowcone solid cone
n
y ca a
eg ng
aco 3kg
or Anddistance ofcentre of Mass of
Yan
a cream
system from 1kg particle
Ray
1 0 2 9 13 9 9 0
sz
A I 12 3 4
1kg 2kg a o
0,0 a
2
year KO t 2 01 3 9 14 9 71
to to
distance from origin
Skg E4
 Ij
eg 7 A Square Plate a Triangular plate are
M m
joined as shown find ratio of t and ra
paygo 2 sunny on go

Mi T ay
3,0 Mz Tz Bar
9
Kan 0 hence Mine t Mak z 0 T at 0
E 253492 43

E at
A smaller Disc of radius Riz is cut from
eg a disc of radius R as shown find com of
remaining part from 0
p using principle of superposition

M M2
d
I I 4111111
am o m
f
M T AR Ma T
AI
4m m I am m

MOTE when some portion is act removed then centre of mass of body
moves away from act Part of the object

The cut Portion of Disc radius R is kepton the

left side as shown find c m of system wet PointO

4,4 my

1 g
Hifi
4
1111
11 É 111
 Mi am ma m my M
X O K2 E Kz I
MINI M222 M323 4m O M Riz m R1
Ran Mi ma my 4m m t m

Kim
E
eg
d cone is removed from a solid hemisphere
as shown find com of remaining Portion

gimpy
5 3173 33 SxfitR3x
your Might1392
5 31723 S TRY
t
calculation of com for continuous objects using Integration
I Semicircular Ring Y

X Rda
SYdm
you
Jdm
É y Raso

frasier
fXRd0 ya RIE
R1ÉÉodo Edda
Tan 21
198 RSin o
o
Ii Semi circular Disc my

r
fam
y y off arar

x Stander
o
Yun JI
 ny
Iii Solid hemisphere
SR
start dy
a
R
h R2 y Sy Sandy
is you Yom ofy Rly dy
fear dy f RLyYdy
you 31 0

Iv Solid cone
hor JYdm
you
Using Desimilarity a Sam

I gdm
dy.tn of Sar dy
sdr­hJSar'dy
Study

g9
is
r
Ht o

Youn
ha
ay
V Hollow cone

is
h esino

A
Kan from g
fam dm od A
T ZITA de
Jecoso 2tresinodl 2ittesinode
fattresinodl
Cosqoside coso cost
fede 33 2 25
0

eg a
sham act Locate com
0 Rod
X X 1
21
dm Adl Xo it da
 Kan Adm okdoll E ax
fam Tao it E an
o
Motion of centre of Mass
i
I Ii I Mi tmz

of differentiating wat time

ID
Mi tmz

Similarly aim Matt Maat in

M my
MOTE Ci Met Force acting on a system of particles
Fmet FT FI t
Total Mass of system Mtotal Mit mat

if we replace complete system with a point mass M total then acceleration

of this point can be written as
I Feta Fit FIT Matt Matt
Mit mat Mi mat

This Point is defined as centre of Mass

Ii Specialcase when Met External force Emet acting on a system of

Particles is zero
Fret 0

Tom O Van const

Tom o const to const

centre ofmass u
is at rest
Dam O Mitt Marit const

mist mist si
P'system const
Law ofconservation of
 le ear
promises
eg
s lomisec m 0kg
z
Mz 5kg
Image M3 8kg
Find Tom aim just afterthey are thrown

Tan 104205 54107 84 Sj 50T 160Jmisec

10 5 8 23

am 104 1054 54 108 84 108

10 s t g log mised
Eg System isreleased from rest
find door
9 2msec
a
n
27 g
33

Y 3g a aim 3191 28 2kg 2J

5

3misee
a

afar M at Maat
Mi m2
291st393
gains gsingia
s BET J
at
lag I fait ay BI mised
at 5005300T 55in300 j
GB 553605600 T SBS in600 I
lo m 2kg
K
eg
A
longth E Find distance of Dog
from the shore of pool
t 5M
if it walks to the front
end A
I y Ia B
10kg
Fretz on complete issystem is zero VT 0 const
systemat rest DCcm O
 M DX MzDKz O
O
10kg tx 2kg1 Stx
X 1,0
2 8m
distance of Dog from shore 101 5 M
6
i
eg 60kg i 40kg Find displacement of plank it
A B
10m a Both A B come to meet at mid
Ros 100kg Pt of Plank
s s
smooth b A B exchange their Positions
FMetx 0 com initially rest
hence Dkay O

a Mi DX MzDKz t MzDK3 O

100kg x 160kg 5 x 40kgC 5 x O

X 0.5M
Im
b 100 C K t 10 x 1 40kgC lo x D
60kg
K Im
6 0
m
Eg A 7 All surfaces are smooth
Find a displacementof wedge
b displacementof con of system
h M
2C 4 0
till m reaches bottom of the wedge
Oc B
is s s s s
K x
hcoto
a µ aM For complete system
FMetx O DKun O
M DK M Diez O

MG omg m hcoto x M x 0
umg x MhCoto
b Mtm
MiDY 1 MzDyz
Dyan M M2

Mth M o
Dyan Mh
Mtm Mtm

hence com moves downward MTM

we can
say MGC g
Applications of conservation of linear Momentum
Bomb Emet O
I Explosion of a
TEM const

VI Psystem O cis

pi O Tz Pf O MNT MNT MzVz 0

rest After Explosion
BeforeExplosion

Energy released duringthe explosion KEF KE

Izmir t
2Matz 1 LzMzV32 O

Eg AnExplosive material mass 2kg is kept at rest It explodes in the

ratio 1 1 2 Two Unequal masses move away with same speed
tombec along two perpendicular directions find
a speed of third fragment
b Energy released
during Explosion
05kg of
a
lombec
rest 0.5kg 1kg
tombec
pi o
O 5 IoT 5T
PI L 10J to O

T IOT 20J
IF I 1055miSec
b loss
Energy released 2 O 5 11 lo t O5

200 J

Eg atA Bomb mass 5kg is thrown from ground with initial velocity loombec
530 with horizontal At the highest point of its Trajectory
angle
it explodes in the ratio 2 3 The heavier fragment retraces back
along its path find the Position where lighter mass strikes the
ground
60misee 5kg
ge om paint
ea

f8TI5
0fcosszo­gg
e
ei
y53
nh
i
i
i
i
ii
e
n
n
n
n
CM
i
n
n
 ge
Using F conservation Explosion will not exert any
other external forcehence Path
5kg Coo 3kgC Go 12kg v ofcom of system will notchange
2h0m1sec due to explosion

h 1002Sin 53 500 XI 320M K

20 25 3kg 2kg
O In
240 24322 1920M R 960M
Range VfEgh
Mix mzxz
1002.25in53305530 3 960 2K
R 960M K 1440M
to
from projection point Rz 1920 2400M 2kg from 0 96011440
Ans 2400M

xxx

Let us assume when man moves up e wet ladder ry

then ladder comes down by distance
y i
M
M DY T M m DYz t M Byz e
Dyan Mt em
M m 1M M m
y u
MA g M m fy Mtg MI
2M
2M

Kk
i
i
i
µgw02
i
1 Vo
i
i i
Mlength

Using ME conservation
Vo i
MzVo2
IKK RTE
Mz

MY 1MHz Mi O t Mato Max

Now can
M MD m Mz Cmi lMz fz
CI Recoil of a Gun

u
when speed of bullet whenvelocity of bullet is
is given wet ground given wat gun Also known
as muzzlevelocity

t.s.tt
smooth
i
best

t.tn
if s

p conserved smooth

0 Mur t MV P Conserved

Ver M Vo O Mvr t M Vo Ver

M
ve
Tta

Eff 2.5msec

nm
a
FÉ pi pi
Vei O t mCrocoso
rest nm ve ve
Ver Vocoso
att
ima

rest
Toto omisec
0 25 1000 4 19754
2000kg 1975kg Vi 12.5 misec
Smooth

1975kg
Edi
1950kg
000msec
1975 12.5 1950kt
25 1000 V2
no V2 25 15msec
 25km0alooomlsec
Vz Vz
a
1950kg 1925kg 1950x vz 1925Vz 1254000 Vs
Smooth vz 37 5 Mlsec
a d 7
B 40kg 40kg
resto A 0 B rest
s 4kg
smooth
40kg
Y OA 4kg Brest
osmbec
f
404 4 5 0
v O smbec v
Osorbet 0A smisec OB
E
44Vz 40 0 5 4 5 f
z Mlse 4 5 4 5 1404
v Imlsec
A
After 5 Such round trips to
44kg0 0B imisec
v a
VA Mlsec left Tmbe x i i s

VB 5m15sec
Right d when A Rolls ball for sixth time it
will never reach B hence A can roll
e
all ball 6 times
e s
44kg car
o 40kg
a
e d s d goofy 109­21

CI Man running Jumping off a Plank

in rest ffloro
M M
simoom a i s s s s

p conserved

O MV M Vo Y
V Mvo i
Mtm

work done
by Man AKE
2 Mrf f Mcb Y
 eg m m
rest AGEB Find recoil speed of plank when both
men jumped off with relative velocity u
ft s s wert planka
smooth simultaneously
a b one by one
EEE
G sis I
0 10m Ver 2m U Va
Va i
2,2mL 4
b
yo nom Iko vz com
if
O timer m cu Vi
film y 10m rat MCU Va
Y
Y V2 234 i
132

Unear Vo mu Ufoont Vo t MMU

Mtm 2
mtm

ME
M Y M y M 4 M

pi pf mtm Vo
V Vo
MY
mu
m Utri
i
Mtm
utri
Em
V M Vol M

pi PI Mro m utri Mtm Vz

Vz Vo t MMU is
Mtm z
Combined Applications of conservation of linear momentum and Energy
mise
eg rest
t jg9m kg da velocity of com
is
gg V2
b Max compression in spring
Vi
const
zig jotting
it p among
2 3

Using P conserved
spring will compress till V V2
2 10 2 3 im
4misel
Maxcompression
state
Mech Energy conservation

105 0 0 2 3 4 t KICKax
I 2
I
Kmax

m a

wrtground

At gym
Emet 0
Be conserved

O 6mV t MV2 V2 GV i
Using Mech Energy conservation
mga Icom Vit Im v2 in
solving we
get Vi 19
9 Also calculate Normal contact acting on smaller block when it reaches
point A of bigger block
smaller block is moving
along circular path Wrt bigger block
E
i
I if
am r
r
i µ mg
m Vi Vz
a
i
M
t0 o Y Vz
t.mg

Iz
Y
1
M
Mj Y
ti i e i e i e is i i iii c in
Freetx 0 Fx conserved

mu m M v U MU cis
MTM
conservation of Mech Energy
f mo t 0 to
Im Cv t Vi f MY't mgh
Vz
Max height from initial level hmax ht Mv
trig
2gMTM

Alsocalculate displacement of coin of the system till

 al n l M E Emetic 0 Ven const
a n
DUM O

É
MAK t 2m DX 2 0
h Sino ME Ltxticoso 2m tx O
ing i
watBead X i coso i

L N Loso

Be conserved ring
O 2m Va m f v Sino V2 in
Using ME conservation
Mgh 2m k't Im y't tar races goto iii

Dyan MAY t 2m Byz Mtb 2m o

by Sino
m am 3m
9

O Muz MV
far i
Mgh My't my in

Vt

i i
Tv Mtm V3 V3 Mmff
Vz t
Imr Mtm mgh
centre of Mass frame or C frame h
as T
m nut Psystem Mitt Mari m3V3 Mit MatMz Va
MTotalTom
my Mz
tsystem Do
 Let us assume that observer is in C frame

Tom can hence Psystem

0
an
O

Hence C frame is also known as zero momentum reference frame

2 T
m
KEsystem
Izmir t Imari
KEsystem com IM Vijay Marjan
m

Van Mitt Matt T an F Tom F Mitt mate

m tmz Mi tmz
Malt v3 i
Mitra
Similarly Tz an MICK F ii
Mit Ma

KEsys com Im MEmet

IT It2 Ma Mi tri 512
my Mit Ma

I Tmi It v21 KEsys.cm three

reduced mass of
two Particlesystem
Vani m Tmz Vani le Mima
KEcom IM total I m m2

KEsystem around
Kenny
Egypt
Internal Energy
IMtotalVat
BulkEnergy

when Emet O then aim 0 Van const It means Bulk Energy of

system will not change

In other words Internal forces wi change internalEnergy External

forces will change Bulk Energy

bombed in natural length

eg 4msec Initially spring is
find
ii titties.gg
smooth
a Max Extension compression in spring
b Max min speeds of both blocks
wet Ground during motion
 when Max compression occurs all the
KE wat C frame is converted into PE
of spring

turree I Kxtax 12114 10 4 RO Kinax

wat c frame Kmax

Fgm
Fom 1 10 2 4
1 2
Impsec
TEE isee
1kgBlock Vmax 10msec

jÉIÉÉIÉ
6msec s 0min 2msec

s waxcompression
Tfc I 2msec Vmax 8msec
2kgBlock
É min 4msec

t max extension

Hitters
is

Ung t f 4,47 WageC 2,2

A
eg d
find Umin such that ball can
h reach Topmost point of the wedge
M KEsystem com PE

turret I m u mgh
4
12 mtm gh
M

9 The Bullet gets embedded in the block

Bar in
agony find maximum compression in spring
thereafter
Aftercollision
KEsystem Fcom KKntax
remaining is PI Kairat
K
Econ which
will be converted pm typhus
into PE of spring
Eg 51cg o Kmax
Elster
2t Y9 he 1019.9kg
vz
wat C frame
01600
At highestpoint it breaks into two
parts 1kg and 4kg which move away horizontally DuringExplosion
KE of system is doubled then find separation between two
fragments whey they hit ground
wat C frame increase in KE ofsystem KEinternal
5 10 v22 Vi Vz 25msec
114,7 v

time taken to reach

ground t 20,5in600 B Sec
DX V Va t 253m
eg 3msec find
A igÉÉÉmagp a max compression Extension
in
spring
smooth b Max and min speeds of
a K 100 Mlm A B
100 Kmart 2 93 motion
during subsequent
1 1 b Van 1 9 2 3 5m1sec
1 2
wht C frame
wetground
Kkgmax 2 5 7misec Verge f 4,4 rage 2,2

g
amination'isect ightsee a it
find om essiggmmiiEtens5

21g
5871 zig b Max
in
spring
and min speeds of
lo A B
during subsequent
a kmax
Efm motion
Km 2 10
2 3
3 5 Im se
b Vmax Vmax
zig 6 1
9 1 10 7msecwert C frame
zig
49 zero y yep big e 93 9 bige f 6,6
eg
find maximum Extension in spring
Fi e
masseter wet c frame
Acri Em
It s
im mmiiim.r
ii mm

Applying WE Theorem
no to sign 0
WF t Wmiaa t Wea t Wmzam t Wsp D KE
Fix t m aunt Farz Madam K2
IK 02 x 12232 0
T T
2 Mi Fat Maf i
EE K Mit Mz

M
500msee MB MB
Zu
MB MB
KEsystem MB V e my
Éf and wet c frame

v't zu m 500
KEsys.com
I F I f
V 250msec
Maximum velocity of fragment zu van art soo miser
1000km1sec

1 9.555870.02 100
IOU
0.8msec
s
Ig
n
v zig
loom1sec
M 209m long m
2ogm 27 2 10
he 0.16m
16cm
 Wh DKEinternal

4 0
Cmt Agh o

mingh
Mtm

m
Th un
r
or

IIa
collisions

m mom
mimonm m Imm
Max Energy is
4 uz converted into PE vz Vi
ofspring at this
instant

M s ma Y a m m2
Max deformation
JBC Instantofcollision state
U U2 when max fraction of KE
is converted into Elastic PE
of bodies

Pefectly Elastic
collision
PerfectlyInelastic
collision
Geral
Objects are able to regain objects are perfectly 0sec s
shape sizehence
original Inelastichence they are
Mo loss of KE notable torestore their pl conserved
shapeeven by a small m I ma
V2 amount
M I ma
hence Max loss of KE JAC
my
 TAC V2 Vi
V2 Vi

PKE conserved 00mi KEloss Urner l E

Before KEafter JAC

OC KEloss
P conserved
KEY
coefficient ofrestitution e mill Manz
e velocityofseparation
aftercollision hitman
velocity of Approachbeforecollision u mint Maltz
Mit Ma
y e o
e 1
KEsigax levered

MOTE i Head On collision same mass Perfectly Elastic

42 4
on Y m M Y m

JBC JAC

ii
m Y M M
v

e L Ms m
Cid
I d
TBC Jac m
e e

Vt V I Vtv U V crest m en
e
u v V wall
U 2V i

eg
m yo t Find
a UBall after collision
28 0.5
b Impulseacting on wall during collision
2 c work done by Impulsiveforce during collis

V 2Vo
Va m e v zu
05 b Impulse acting on ball is
equal change in its
V 24 1 5k momentum
28 3.5Vo
wall M VTV
A Bay
4.5mV
Impulse
 C W AKE
Imr Imro

2m 6 3m v
4msec
A VA 3msec
9msec rest VB Vc 4msec

m 2m m c 3m

m a M Vi 2m Va i
Vita 119 o it
v
solvingweget V2 3msec
6msec

5msec 5msec
mise
m lo m m m
rest
Invade I E
KEloss
ICKE
10 0 l e m 1032
2
e o
B

0 O
gyu LY my 2mV mtv2 i
V 2fr D
V2 I Wgr
I E I to Ist collision

É
rest
fixed
me
zoganfixed Em E Eg Ens
JBC JAC
12
2Mt amb MY
heightgained ie Dm Va v3 Engr YI
after2ndcore g 1 And
9

o Am Am V2
om I
rest JAC
JBC

No Hu V UCA D
Y
CAN U2 i
U V V2 in Atl

KEatter U A 12
KEBefore Ati

ol v2 SU
2m m am m
JBC JAC
2m su m Vi 2m Vat M Su i V 34
Su Va Su V I
 KEloss
IMG l e
ZF 84 34 l
g
KEinitial 2m 84 t
Imr
fraction KEloss
KEinitial 1 7

my mv my i
eu Va Vi X
solving
r
f
rest rest
similarly
rest
I 2 3 M V3 F V2

I Y v2 rest
fest u
hence
we
E h

velocityafter nthcollision
O my o
un enrage cis
10
e a
height
y
Igor g e
zgL E
edge
ft ens z ie
g at
g age E E
jgÉÉÉjÉÉÉÉ
h I
7 4

Find Total time taken and Total distancetravelled

tin the bae stops bouncing
g
T
Zeng
e e o
Egg 24 24299
 fig stet e t o
292g
T
E Ff
Totaldistance s ht 25h 20th t
ht 28h it e't et t o

s
CEE h

9 oddnumbered are moving

2n
it
identical Elastic Blocks n 011
towardsright with ro and
even ones are towards
left with Vo find Total
Mo of collisions
I I I
n 1 collision

Total Mo of collisions n n D n 2 t I
n nti
2
eg mm
4
9 They are released from a height h All collisions
are perfectly elastic find maximum height
attained ball for the first time after
h
collisions by if
a M M
s s s s s t b M m
a

c s
nitrites
s s six x s
it
s s s s s
mm
s s s
ar

1stcollision 2ndcollision 3rdcollision After3rdcollision

Between M Between M m between MI
Ground Ground
Max heightreachedbythe ball h

b
mm

s s s
triffgg
six
mm
o s s s s
turn in Matheightreached
1stcollision
Between M
Ground
2ndcollision
Between M m In
After2nd by ball 9h
Ig
i m m Vi r e Vtv
V 3V 3 2gh
 a 0.25
wrist
a

µ O 25

Motion of2kg till it collides with M

a gsino legcoso
g 0.05 0.25 3m15
V2 102 2 3 6 100 36 V 8miSec

collision between M
smisec 2kg
vl
rest e Vz zag
M 2kg M 2 3 0.5 53Mtsee
2kg

Motion of 2kgBlock till it comes down to initial position

a gsino cost 0.05 o 25 2misee
leg g
12 VL Z2 6 V2 25 Vi SmtSec

collision
2 8 2 5 MB i
e ii
Sgt
TwoDimensional oblique collision
i collision of a Pointmass with fixedSurface
Impulse Momentum Theorem
daff DfT Edt DI J dt

change in Impulse
Forces which act for a veryshort duration but momentum
changes momentum of body are called Impulsive
forces Generally during that shortduration other
Non impulsive forces are neglected
 Incoso
Éfredt
µ eu
M m
ÉIE
É
8781 Duringcollision
JBC JAC
hence V fusing toma toma tomo
t encoso
Y ing
Impulse Mdt mucosa meucoso
ite mucosa
rest
eg Ball is dropped from a height

it moves horizontally justaftercollision

OC
Ii Oblique collision between large sized objects
usino

got
Impact
M
vicericecancer
accurately 2
Ii a.m s
Sino
Parameter Disc rest lineof by
During collision
ausino
Using P conserved i
mucosa MV Mva
coeff of restitution e V2
ucoso
Y
D ÉÉ

eg A Disc mass in collides with another identical

disc at rest show that if collision is not Aftercollision
head on then the two Discs will move along
lines after elastic collision gugino gugino

e 1

M I coso
M rest
JBC TAC
eg er Disc A collides with Disc B
as shown find
a
Ig such that
A Dise B mores at an angle 45 with
r R
rest original directionof motion of A
n I s
B 450 9 12
R
7 e4 great
Sin45
Rts
SER
12
Rtr
Hq
52 1

eg Three identical Balls A collides

rest
o s ro
B simult­aneously
with B Cand comes to stop
after collision find
c after collision
a velocities of B
A C b coeff ofrestitution
rest great
t
hide test test
i30
30 p B
is am

C m 300
A A
jridt µeo
impact
of
lineempact
rest Ikea rest I
During collision Aftercollision
p conserved
MV 2mVcos30 V Ve
B
velocityofseparationalonglineofimpact
e
velocityof Approach u o Logy YozT3z 3 e 2
3
Iii Two dimensional collisions involving ideal string
A A A
n m rest m m
JTdt
a
1

I e e e josin30
2 flat
u Im a Vo
dzm ovo 2M zm
B B V
Onsmoothhorizontal JBC Dating the
surface
collision

string length L we can apply momentum conservation along

string
2MVoCos3o 2mV 1mV V Ve
B
find impulse due to Tension
JTdt change in momentum
MV MI
53
or fTdt 2M Volos300 Y