INTRODUCTION TO

INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
COURSE INTRODUCTION

Course Code: CS-107

Course Title: Introduction to Info. & Comm.
Tech.
Credit Hours: 2+1 (Theory + Lab)
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course focuses on a breadth-wise
coverage of computer science discipline,
introducing computing environments, general
application software, basic computing
hardware, operating systems, desktop
publishing, Internet, software applications and
tools and computer usage concepts;
Introducing Software engineering and
Information technology within the broader
domain of computing, Social issues of
computing.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
A clear understanding of computers and
computing environment
Developing sufficient knowledge for all the
concerned domains of computer science like
software engineering and information technology
Development and readiness of understanding for
more advanced courses like networks, operating
systems, database management, algorithms in the
upcoming semesters with a brief overview of their
contents
LOONA-THE BOT:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tG0CKXLLLA
A
COURSE STRATEGY

No pre-requisites (any students coming

from any background can easily grasp the
contents)
However, you need to understand each and
every concept clearly and undoubtedly as
that would be your foundation.
COURSE GRADING
Quizzes---------------------- 10
Assignments---------------- 10 60 (SEMESTER WORK)

Mid-Term Examination—20
Project----------------------------10
Presentation--------------------10
Final Examination----------40
Lab Exams-------------------50 (individual head)

Note: You will have to get 50% passing marks separately i.e.
25 marks from Semester Work of 50 marks and 25 marks
from 50 marks of final examination to fully qualify to pass the
course.
50% marks are require to pass Lab exams
ATTENDANCE AND PREPARATIONS

Attendance is mandatory and 75%

attendance is required to get eligible for
final examination.
Students are expected to come well
prepared before lecture
COURSE OUTLINE - HEC
Number Systems
Binary numbers
Boolean logic
History of computer system
Basic machine organization
Von Neumann Architecture
Algorithm definition, design, and implementation
Programming paradigms and languages
Graphical programming
Overview of Software Engineering
Information Technology
Operating system
Compiler
Computer networks
Internet
Computer graphics
AI
Social and legal issues
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Computer: Information Technology in
Perspective by Larry Long and Nancy Long,
Latest edition.
Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton,
McGraw-Hill, Latest edition
An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider
and Gersting, Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning,
Latest edition.
Computer Science: An overview of Computer
Science, Sherer, Latest edition.
 Lecture 01
Introduction
A WORLD OF COMPUTERS

Computers are everywhere

COMPUTER
An electronic device, operating under the control
of instruction, stored in its own memory, that can
access data (input), process the data according to
specified rules, produce information and store in
the information for future use.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine that receives data as Input,
process that data according to a prescribed
sequence of instructions and produces output.

Collects Produces
data Processing informatio
(input) n (output)

Information Processing Cycle

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
 COMPUTER VS HUMAN
Input - Five senses
Central Processing Unit (CPU) - brain
Output - Body Parts
Memory - Human memory

Hardware
Physical components
Software
Programs for operations and problem
solving
COMPUTER
Modern computers are digital
Two digits combine to make data
Older computers were analog
A range of values made data
Computer categories in Several ways:
One person use or group of peoples use
By power (Speed at which they operate and the
types of tasks)
Within single category, subcategorized in:
By price, Types of Hardware they contain
and kinds of software they can run, and so
on.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Automatic: Once instructed, operate without human
intervention
Speed: Can perform 1012 basic arithmetic/ logical
operations per second.
Accuracy: If instructed accurately it never produce
inaccurate results, however, if errors occurs they are
result of thinking of programmer or incorrect input often
called Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)
Diligence: No matter how much boring the task is for
humans, if computer programmed accurately, it never
gets bore or lose concentration during the execution of a
task.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Versatility: A general purpose computer perform versatile
task.
Memory: Computer can remember data and information for
years and make them readily available whenever required.
No. IQ: Most important if ever your program go wrong, it is
NEVER the fault of computer as it has no IQ. It cannot do
anything at its own.
AI systems can simulate intelligence by learning from data and
making decisions, they still lack true cognitive abilities and are
limited by the algorithms humans design.
While AI can simulate emotions through pattern recognition
(like detecting sentiment or facial expressions), it does not
actually feel anything. AI can appear to respond emotionally,
but these are just responses based on data and programming,
not genuine emotions. The development of AI is advancing,
but creating machines with true consciousness and emotional
experiences is still far from being realized.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

A computer can be
shared by multiple
users, and with the right
configuration (such as
network access, cloud
services, or multi-user
systems), all users can
edit or interact with the
system at the same
time."
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

Six primary types of Personal Computers

(PCs)
Desktop computers
Workstations
Notebook/Laptop computers
Tablet Computers
Handheld computers
Smart Phones
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE

Although PCs are used by individuals,

they also can be connected together to
create networks.
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
The most common type of computer
Sits on the desk or floor
Performs a variety of tasks
You see all around you in schools, home and
offices
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
Different design types
Desktop Model
Tower model
WORKSTATIONS
Specialized single-user computers
Optimized for science or graphics
More powerful than a desktop
NOTEBOOK/LAPTOP COMPUTERS
Small portable computers
Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
About 8 ½ by 11 inches or 14 to 16 inches
TABLET COMPUTERS
Newest
development in
portable computers
Input is through
a stylus or digital
pen
Run specialized
versions of office
products
Some models have a
fold-out keyboard
Some models can
be connected to a
keyboard and a
HANDHELD PCS

Palm computer
Very small computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Note taking or contact management
Data can synchronize with a desktop
SMART PHONES
Smart phones
Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
Web surfing, e-mail access, special software
(i.e. personal organizers), or special hardware
(i.e. digital camera/Music players) everything
COMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
Some computers handle needs of
many users at the same time.
These powerful systems are used
by organizations such as businesses
or schools
Commonly found at the heart of the
organization network
Network servers
Mainframe computers
Minicomputers
Supercomputers
NETWORK SERVERS

Network servers
Centralized computer
All other computers connect
NETWORK SERVERS
Provides access to network resources
Multiple servers are called server farms
Often simply a powerful desktop: Google
Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
Users use the Internet as a means of
connecting even if away from the offices.
MAINFRAMES
Used in large organizations
Handle thousands of users
Users access through a terminal
Large and powerful systems
MINICOMPUTERS
Called midrange
computers
Power between
mainframe
and desktop
Handle hundreds of users
Used in smaller
organizations
Users access through a
terminal
SUPERCOMPUTERS
The most powerful computers made
Handle large and complex calculations
Process trillions of operations per second
Found in research organizations
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
More impact than any other invention
“Computers have changed our world” or
“Computers have changed the way we do”
Changed work and leisure activities
Used by all demographic groups
Computers are important because:
Provide information to users
Information is critical to our society
Managing information is difficult
IMPACT OF COMPUTERS

Like the Impact of automobile

BENEFITS OF USING COMPUTERS
As varied as users
For disabled person
For a sales professional
For a researcher
COMPUTERS AT HOME

Many homes have

multiple computers
Most Pakistani
homes have Internet
Computers are used
for
Communication
(e-mail)
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
Computers are used for
Business
Entertainment
Schoolwork
Finances
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
Computer literacy required at all levels
More and more schools are adding computer
technology to their curricula
Educators see computer technology as an
essential learning requirement for all students,
starting as early as preschool
COMPUTERS IN SMALL BUSINESS

Makes businesses more profitable

Allows owners to manage and grow their
companies
COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY

Computers in industry
Computers are
used to design
products
Assembly
lines are
automated
COMPUTERS IN GOVERNMENT

Necessary to track data for population

Police officers
Tax calculation and collection
Governments were the first computer
users
COMPUTERS IN HEALTH CARE

Revolutionized health care

New treatments possible
Scheduling of patients has improved
Delivery of medicine is safer
POTENTIAL COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS
Information Management
Personal Productivity
Communication
Science, Research, and Engineering
Education and Reference
Entertainment
Energy
Business and E-commerce
Money
Agriculture
Training
Health and Medicine
Robotics
 TASK

Explain the previous slide applications with

real world examples. Also explain the types
of computer with examples.

1A-46
MICRO CONTROLLERS

1A-47
ALL ABOUT TYPES OF
COMPUTER
Type Components Physical Cost Usage
Size and
Capacity
Microcomputer All components in Smallest Cheapest At homes, in schools
a single unit and offices

Minicomputer Several functional Small Cheap In universities,

units medium-sized
companies,
departments of large
companies
Mainframe Several separate Large Expensive In large organizations,
computer units universities,
government

Supercomputer Several separate Largest Most In scientific research,

units expensive weather forecasting,
space exploration,
military defense
SUMMARY

Course Outline
What is a computer?
Comparison of Computer with Human
Computer for individual use (personal
computers)
Characteristics of Computer
Computer in Society
Types of Computer (By size only)

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