SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be
precise and brief.

1. What is sociology? or What do you mean by sociology?

Max Weber says that Sociology is the scientific study of social
action.
2. Define sociology according to W.G. Sumner?
"Sociology is the science of society," said by Sumner.
3. Write down four important fields of sociology?
Four important fields of sociology are:
i. Sociology of Family
ii. Sociology of Rural Community
iii. Sociology of Education
iv. Sociology of Religion
4. What do you mean by sociology of family?
This branch deals with evolution, development, structure, functions
and
changes which are taking place in the family system is called
sociology of
family.
5. What sociology studies in rural community? Or what do you mean
by sociology
of rural community?
Rural community has its own typical characteristics i.e. simple
profession,
simple and open construction of houses, close relationship, strong
belief in
caste system etc, these kinds of behavioural aspects are studied in
this
branch.
6. Write down important aspects of industrial sociology?
Industrial sociology deals with workers owner relationship, impact
of
industry on society and social security system, employment
opportunities,
alienation among industrial workers etc.

7. Write down any four important topics of the subject matter of

sociology?

Important topics in the subject matter of sociology are: i. Social

group ii. Culture iii. Social problem iv. Social institutions

8. What do you mean by applied sociology?

Branch of sociology that deals with the solution of the social

problems and employs sociological knowledge is called applied

sociology.

9. What do you mean by pure or basic sociology?

This branch of sociology that only studies human behaviour and

social issues. It does not directly involved in the solving social

problems rather its aim is to study social problems and develops

theories and new aspects of knowledge for it.

10. Define sociology of environment?

Branch of sociology that studies relationship between man and

environment is called sociology of environment.

11. What do you mean by sociology of psychiatry?

Branch of sociology that deals with psycho-social problems like

depression, tension, anxiety, mental disturbance arising due to

complex social life is called social psychiatry.

12. What are different aspects of education which Sociology

studies? Or define sociology of education?

Objectives of education and hurdles in its achievement, problems

of education, students, teacher, teacher student

relationship,etc.are the main topics of sociology.

13. Explain important aspects of sociology of terrorism.

This branch deals with following aspects:

1. Nature, Intensity and pattern of terrorism

2. Socio-economic and relating political causes of terrorism

3. Impacts of terrorism on society

4. Solution and prevention of terrorism

5. Explain major areas of sociology of law. Major areas are:

Development of law Functions of Law Interrelationship of society

and Law Enforcement and implementation of law

15. Briefly explain origin of sociology.

Sociology was originated as a special discipline in 1836 by August

Comte,a French philosopher.Initially he named this discipline as

social physics later on transformed this name into sociology.A

Muslim sociologist/historian Allama Ibn e Khaldoon(1332-

1406AD)lay down its foundation and named this science "Ilm ul

Imran-The Study of People

16. Explain factors which played role in origin of sociology.

17. French Revolution

18. Development of Science and its methods

19. Newly emerging social problems

20. Rapid social change

21. Capitalistic economic system

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS) Every part has four options

i.e.,a,b,c and d.Please tick the correct one.

1. Sociology studies?

a. Social relation b. Animals

c. Astronomy d. Literature

2. Which field is important in the study of sociology? a. Family b.

Economics c. Industry d. Politics

3.
Clash between individual and society is studied in? a. Social

disorganization b. Social psychiatry c. Criminology d.

Sociology of law1
4. Socialization problems are studied in? a. Social

disorganization b. Social psychiatry c. Family d. Social group

5. Problem between worker & owner of industry are studied in? a.

Social disorganization b. Social psychology c. Social group d.

Industrial sociology

6. Who is the founder of classical sociology? a. August Comte b.

Max Weber c. Ibn-e-Khaldon d. Emile Durkheim

7. Founder of modern or contemporary sociology is? a. August

Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. W.G. Sumner d. Talcott Parson

8. Basic institutions of society are? a. Four b. Six c. Three d. Eight

9. Sociology is the science of society, said by? a. August Comte

b. Emile Durkheim c. W.G. Sumner d. Talcott Parson

10. Most suitable definition of sociology was given by? a.

Maciver b. Emile Durkheim c. W.G. Sumner d. Talcott Parson

11. Relationships between student and teacher are studied

in? a. Sociology of education b. Social psychiatry c.

Criminology d. Sociology of law

• 12. Radio, TV, Newspaper and mass media are studied in? a.
Sociology of education b. Social group c. Social psychiatry d.
Sociology of law
 • 13. Sociology of rural community studies? a. Urban life b.
Rural life c. Military d. None
• 14 Which one is important in sociology? a. Individual b.
None c. Groups d. Individuals
• 15 Sociology of religion studies? a. Politics b. Religion c.
Economics d. None
• Answers:
• a.
• b.
• a.
• c.
• d.
• c.
• a.
• b.
• c.
• c.
• a.
• b.
• c.
• b.
• b.

QUESTIONS

1. Explain how sociology is more a science than an art?

2. What is science? Discuss how sociology is a Science?
 3. How sociology fulfils the condition of science? Explain with
examples.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

1. How Schaefer defines science? OR what is science?

Schaefer defines: "gaining access to the body of knowledge
through organized observation is called science"
2. Who is a scientist? Any person who make hypothesis, uses
scientific method in testing and could prove it right or wrong is
called scientist.
3. Write down any two characteristics of sociology as science?
Two characteristics of sociology as science are: i. It uses
scientific methods in studying human behaviour ii. It predicts
about the forthcoming events of society on the basis of its
findings.
4. Write down four steps of social research? OR explain the steps
of scientific process. Four steps of social research are: i.
Selecting any problem ii. Theoretical framework and
hypothesis iii. Data collection iv. Conclusion and
generalization
5. Briefly justify that how sociology is a social science? Sociology
implies how scientific methods in studying human behaviour,
social groups and social life hence called social science.
6. What do you mean by natural sciences? Any discipline that
deals with biological and physical phenomena is called natural
science. Physics, chemistry, biology and geology etc. are
include in it.
7. How sociology is a science?

(i) It uses scientific method in studying social aspects of the society.

(ii) Its knowledge is organized and logically arranged.

8. Please describe major types of science.

Major types of science are: (i) Physical or Natural Science (ii) Social
Science

9. Define Physical or Natural Science.

It deals with the natural phenomena of the world which includes

plants, animals, moon, stars, river etc. they are regarded more
precise, exact and less dubious.

10. Define Social Science.

It deals with social processes and human behavior. It is more

concerned with the human and society. This includes sociology,
history, anthropology, economics, political science, philosophy etc.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Science is the name of? a. Social relation b. Systematic study

of events c. Data collection d. Literature
2. Which one is a physical science? a. Urdu b. Arabic c. Biology d.
Political science
 3. Which one is a social science? a. Biology b. Political science c.
Sociology d. Physics
4. Scientific knowledge is collected through? a. Social relation b.
Research c. Predictions d. Authority
5. In sociology, experiment is also called as? a. Controlled
observation b. Survey c. Sociology d. laboratory
6. Sociology is a science because it? a. solves social problem b.
tells truth c. predictions d. uses scientific method in research
uses laboratory
7. Scientific knowledge is used for? a. interview preparation b.
examination c. understanding universe d. survey
8. Organization of facts is called? a. hypothesis b. experiment c.
theory d. observation
9. Facts are collected through? a. Hypothesis b. prediction c.
sociology d.

10. Sociology is helpful in? a. general knowledge b. prediction c.

food collection d. helping poor

QUESTIONS

How sociology is related to our social life and social problems?

Write down the names of major fields in which the experts of this
subject are working.
How business and trade can improve with the suggestion of
sociologist? Explain.

How sociologist can help in increasing per acre yield? Discuss.

Please explain role and importance of sociology in Pakistani

society.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Explain role of sociologists in agriculture or application of

sociology in agriculture?

Sociologists are actively working in this field. Elimination of false

belief, odd traditions and customs, reducing conflict between the
farmers, increasing per acre yield, introduction of new seeds,
pesticides and advance technologies to the farmers and making
water users associations are the key responsibilities and activities
of sociologists working in the field of agriculture.

2. Explain role of sociologists in industry and commerce or

application of sociology in industry?

Like agriculture, sociologists are also working in different industries.

Their role in this sector include making smooth relation between
owner and labour, protection of labour rights as well as the owners,
conducting research on industrial social issues and to ensure social
security to the labour.
3. Explain role of sociologists in population planning or
application of sociology in population planning?

Population problem is major problem in Pakistan and sociologists

are efficiently working in achieving low population growth rate as
population welfare officers in the Population Welfare Department of
Pakistan. Awareness of the people having small family size, finding
causes of high birth rate through researches, counseling of the
husband and wife in adopting family welfare programmes are the
key roles of sociologists in this field.

4. Explain role of sociologist in the field of social welfare or

application of sociology in social welfare?

Sociologists are working as Social Welfare Officers or Deputy

District Officers in the department of Social Welfare, Women
Development and Baitul Mal, Government of the Punjab. Their role
is to organize communities to solve their problems on self-help
basis, registering NGOs, managing orphanage homes, welfare of the
destitute and needy women, and welfare of the disables.

Explain role of sociologists in solving social problem OR

application of sociology in solving social problem?

Sociologists are working in governmental, Non-Governmental

Organizations and voluntary organizations for elimination of the
social problems like illiteracy, poverty, child labour, gender
discrimination, beggary, environmental pollution etc. They conduct
social researches on the issues and provide important
recommendation to the policy makers to solve the problems.
Explain role of sociologists in social research or application of
sociology in social research?

A group of sociologists is working in this field and their role is to

highlight social problems in the eyes of the policy makers through
conducting social and policy researches.

Explain role of sociologists in community development OR

application of sociology in community development?

Sociologists are working as social organizers, project coordinators

and project managers in this field. They plan new schemes, organize
and mobilize community for their development.

8. Explain role of sociologists in business and trade OR

application of sociology in business and trade?

Business organizations and ventures hire sociologists as consultant

for:

• (i) Promotion of goods and products

• (ii) Need assessment of the people
• (iii) Making feasibility of the industry
• (iv) Assessment of the positive and negative impacts of
industry on the host people

9. Explain role of sociologist in the field of health OR application

of sociology in health?

Sociologists are performing following roles:

 • (i) Counseling of the psychologically and socially disturbed
patients
• (ii) Providing free medicines as medical social officers
• (iii) Awareness raising against AIDS and Hepatitis
• (iv) Fund raising for free treatment of poor patients

10. Explain role of sociologist in education OR application of

sociology in education?

Sociologists are performing following roles in the field of education:

• (i) Teaching in colleges and various universities

• (ii) Studying education problems
• (iii) Analysis of mass failure of the students in exams
• (iv) Teaching community medicine in nursing school

11. Explain role of sociologist in crime prevention OR application

of sociology in crime prevention?

Sociologists are performing following roles in crime prevention:

• (i) Studying crime patterns and trends

• (ii) Identifying the causes of crime
• (iii) Suggesting policies for crime prevention
• (iv) Conducting research on the effectiveness of crime
prevention programs
• Explain role of sociologist in social security OR application of
sociology in social security?

Sociologists are performing following roles in social security: (i)

Welfare of the industrial labour (ii) Providing health and educational
facilities to the industrial workers (iii) Financial assistance and
compensation to the widow of the labourer.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Sociology is useful in? a. solving social problem b. shop

keeping c. business understanding d. satisfaction
2. Role of sociologist is like? a. researcher b. doctor c. preacher
d. psychologist
3. Application of sociology is important in? a. space science b.
geology c. industry d. construction
4. Which field is important in sociology? a. community
development b. banking c. beautician d. bridge construction
5. Sociology is applied in? a. tourism b. social problems
6. Social problems by sociologists are? a. discussed b. ignored c.
studied d. debated
7. Sociologists are working in health profession as? a. medical
officer b. medical social officer c. development officer d.
criminologist
8. Sociologists are working as social welfare officer in? a. social
welfare b. health c. education d. agriculture
9. Sociologists are working in education profession as? a.
librarian b. guide c. principal d. teacher
10. Sociologists are working as parole officer in? a. court b.
jail c. social welfare d. police
11. Sociologists are working as population welfare officer in?
a. social welfare b. police c. health d. population welfare
 12. Objective of population welfare programme is? a. family
socialization b. maternal control c. population welfare d. male
health

Answers

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a)

2. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d)
3. (b) 11. (c) 12. (a)

QUESTIONS

1. What is social interaction? Discuss its types with examples.

2. Define social interaction and discuss its elements.
3. What is social action? Write down its elements.
4. Define social action and social interaction? Also differentiate
between them.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.
1. Define social interaction according to F.E. Merrill? OR what is
social interaction?

"Social interaction is the general process whereby two or more

persons are in meaningful contacts as a result of which their
behaviour is modified however slightly."

2. Write down elements of social interaction?

Elements of social interaction are: (i) There should be two or more

persons (ii) Should interact with each other (iii) Influences each
other overtly or covertly

3. Write down types of social interaction?

Types of social interaction are: (i) Physical interaction (ii) Symbolic

interaction

4. What do you mean by physical interaction?

Type of interaction in which interaction takes place through physical

gestures, movements and body language like beating, pushing,
pulling, biting, fighting, scratching, boxing, wrestling and others.

5. What do you mean by symbolic interaction?

A type of interaction in which interaction takes place by using

language, symbols and other symbolic codes.

6. Write down forms of social interaction?

Forms of social interaction are: (i) Between individual and individual
(ii) Between individual and individuals (iii) Among individuals and
individuals

7. Write down any four processes of social interaction?

Four processes of social interaction are: (i) Conflict (ii) Cooperation

(iii) Accommodation (iv) Assimilation

8. Write down integrative or associated processes of social

interaction?

Integrative or associated forms of social interaction are: (i)

Cooperation (ii) Accommodation (iii) Assimilation (iv) Acculturation

9. Write down the disintegrative or disassociated forms of social

interaction?

Disintegrative or disassociated forms of social interaction are: (i)

Conflict (ii) Competition

10. What do you mean by social action?

According to Sheldon: Action is the intervening factor which is

based on the principals of interpersonal relation and associated
with the external environment.

11. Write down any four example of social action?

Four example of social action are: (a) Pushing bus to start (b)
Building a masjid (c) Building a dam (d) Participate in election
campaign

12. Write down elements of social action?

Elements of social action are: (i) Actor (ii) Purpose (iii) Normative
orientation (iv) Social Situation (v) Energy

13. Give any two differences between social interaction and

social action?

13. Give any two differences between social interaction and

social action?

(i) Persons: Social interaction requires at least two persons. While

social action, an individual as a car driver can perform action.

(ii) Group Formation: As result of social interaction, social group

develops, while this is not necessary in social action

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Social interaction is the name of? a. game b. social process c.

social relation d. none of the above
2. Minimum persons required for interaction are? a. two b. three
c. four d. six
3. Interaction between students and teacher in classroom is the
form of interaction? a. between individual and individual b.
 between individual and group c. between group and group d.
all of the above
4. Interaction between shopkeeper and the customer called? a.
physical interaction b. social action c. symbolic interaction d.
sociology
5. Pushing stopped bus is a? a. social interaction b. social action
c. social group d. culture
6. Cricket match between two teams is the form of interaction?
a. between individual and individual b. between individual and
group c. between group and group

Model Paper No. 1

(According to the Patterns of Federal Board, Agha Khan Board and

Karakaram University)

Chapter 1 to 4

Section A (Marks 20)

Time: 25 Minutes

Q.1. Circle the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d. Each part carries 1 mark.

i. Sociology studies? (a) Social relation (b) Animals (c) Astronomy (d)
Literature
ii. Problem between worker & owner of industry are studied in? (a)
Social disorganization (b) Social psychology (c) Social group (d)
Industrial sociology

iii. Who is the founder of classical sociology? (a) Comte (b)

Durkheim (c) Ibn-e-Khaldon (d) Weber

iv. Founder of modern or contemporary sociology is? (a) Comte (b)

Durkheim (c) Sumner (d) Parson

v. Basic institutions of society are? (a) Four (b) Six (c) Three (d) Eight

vi. Which one is a physical science? (a) Urdu (b) Arabic (c) Biology
(d) Political science

vii. Scientific knowledge is collected through? (a) Social relation (b)

Research (c) predictions (d) Authority

viii. Sociology is a science because it? (a) solves social problem (b)
tells truth (c) uses scientific method in research(d) uses laboratory

ix. Organization of facts is called? (a) hypothesis (b) observation (c)

theory (d) experiment

x. Sociology is helpful in? (b) prediction (c) food collection (d)

helping poor (a) general knowledge

xi. Sociology is useful in? (a) solving social problem (b) shop keeping
(c) business understanding (d) satisfaction

xii. Application of sociology is important in? (a) industry (b) geology

(c) space science (d) construction
xiii. Sociology is applied in?

Q.2 (a) Attempt any FIFTEEN parts. The answer to each part
should not exceed 3 to 4 lines.

i. What is sociology?

ii. Write down four important fields of sociology?

iii. What do you mean by sociology of family?

iv. What sociology studies in rural community?

v. What do you mean by applied sociology?

vi. Define sociology of environment?

vii. Define science?

viii. Write down any two characteristics of sociology as science?

ix. Write down four steps of social research?

x. Briefly justify that how sociology is a social science?

xi. Explain role of sociologists in agriculture?

xii. Explain role of sociologists in population planning?

xiii. Explain role of sociologists in solving social problem.

xiv. Explain role of sociologists in social research

xv. Define social interaction.

xvi. Write down elements of social interaction? xvii. What do you
mean by physical interaction? xviii. Write down forms of social
interaction? xix. What do you mean by social action? xx. Give any
two differences between social interaction and social action?

xxi. What is industrial sociology?

b) Attempt any ONE Part.

Explain relationship of sociology with psychology.

Explain what you mean by sociology of knowledge?

Section C (Marks 30)

Note: Attempt any THREE Questions. All questions carry equal

marks. (3 x 10 = 30)

1. What is sociology? Discuss any three of its branches with

examples.
2. How sociology fulfills the condition of science? Explain with
examples.
3. Explain role & importance of sociology in Pakistan.
4. Define social action and social interaction? Discuss difference
between them.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.
1. What do you mean by social processes? OR define social
process.

Social processes are the different forms and types of social

interaction, which takes place in our society.

2. Write down any four processes of social interaction?

Four processes of social interaction are: (i) Conflict (ii) Cooperation

(iii) Accommodation (iv) Assimilation

3. Write down integrative or associated processes of social

interaction?

Integrative or associated forms of social interaction are: (i)

Cooperation (ii) Accommodation (iii) Assimilation (iv) Acculturation

4. Write down the disintegrative or disassociated forms of social

interaction?

Disintegrative or disassociated forms of social interaction are: (i)

Conflict (ii) Competition

5. What is cooperation?

According to F.E. Merrill: "cooperation is a form of social interaction

wherein two or more persons work together to gain a common end."

6. Write down types of cooperation?

Types of cooperation are: (i) Direct cooperation (ii) Indirect
cooperation (iii) Antagonistic cooperation (iv) Formal cooperation (v)
Informal cooperation

7. What is competition?

According to Horton & Hunt: "competition is the struggle for

possession of rewards which are limited in supply, goods, status,
power, love - anything."

8. Write down types of competition?

Types of competition are: (i) Absolute competition (ii) Relative

competition (iii) Personal competition (iv) Impersonal competition

9. What is conflict?

According to Fairchild, conflict is a "process situation in which two

or more human beings or groups seek actively to threat each other's
purposes, to prevent each other's interests, even to the extent of
injuring or destroying the other."

10. Write down types of conflict?

Types of conflict are: (i) War (ii) Civil war or sectarian conflict (iii)
Litigation (iv) Conflict of personal ideology

11. What is accommodation?

Smith defines accommodation, as "social adjustment, e.g.,

adjustment of man to both natural and man-made environment."

12. Write down types of accommodation?

Types of accommodation are: (i) Truce (ii) Compromise (iii)
Temporary settlement or détente (iv) Arbitration (v) Tolerance

13. What is assimilation?

According to Young & Mack: "Assimilation is the fusion or blending

of two previously distinct groups into one."

QUESTIONS

1. What is social group? Describe its essentials.

2. Define social group. Explain two of its types.
3. How will you explain the types of group with examples.
4. Compare primary and secondary groups in detail.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define social group according to Machiver and Page?

OR Define social group. According to Machiver and Page, "any
collection of human beings who are brought into social relationship
with one another is called social group."

2. Write down elements or essentials of social group?

Elements of social group are: i. There are at last two persons. ii.
There is reciprocal relationship among these persons and, iii. There
is common purpose of relationship among them.

3. Write down any four types of social group?

Types of social group are: i. Formal group ii. Informal group iii.
Primary group iv. Secondary group

4. Give any four examples of social group?

Four examples of social group are: i. Customer and shopkeeper

busy in buying and selling items ii. Doctor examining the patient iii.
Two class fellows discussing topic of sociology iv. Teams of two
countries playing match

5. Please explain importance of social group?

Social groups are important because it performs following functions

in social life: i. Socialization ii. Learning of culture

6. What do you mean by primary group OR define primary group?

Horton and Hunt said primary group are those: "in which we come
to know other people intimately as individual personalities."

7. Write down any four characteristics of primary group?

Four characteristics of primary group are: i. Face-to-face interaction
ii. Intimacy iii. We-Feeling iv. Small in Size

8. Write down any four functions of primary group?

Four functions of primary group are: i. Fulfills basic needs of the

members ii. Socializes its members iii. Provides help in case of
emergency iv. Fulfills psychological and emotional needs of
members like love, affection etc.

9. What do you mean by secondary group OR define secondary

group?

Charles H. Cooley says that: "secondary groups are those that are
relatively casual and impersonal in their relationship and usually
their relations are competitive rather than mutually helpful."

10. Write down any four characteristics of secondary group?

Four characteristics of secondary group are: i. Large in size ii. Less

physical proximity iii. Continuity of human race iv. Satisfaction of
human need

iii. Specific ends or interests iv. Impersonal or secondary

relation

11. Write down any two points to differentiate between primary

and secondary group?

Difference between primary group and secondary group is:

i. Size of primary group is small whereas secondary groups are large

in size and membership.
ii. Intimate and intense relations are found among members of
primary group, whereas, a low degree of intensity and emotionality
is found among secondary group members.

12. What do you mean by in-group OR define in-group?

"People participating in the group having one or more traits common

are called in-group."

13. What do you mean by out-group OR define out-group?

Out-group is opposite to in-group. The people not belonging to in-

group are members of out-group.

14. What do you mean by formal group OR define formal group?

Any group where membership is given and terminated under certain

rules and procedures and goals of the group are clear and defined
to every member is called formal group.

15. Write down any four characteristics of formal group?

Four characteristics of formal group are:

i. It is legal group ii. It is organized iii. It is formed according to a

constitution approved by the association. iv. The members of formal
group have to abide by

16. What do you mean by informal group OR define informal

group?

Informal group has loose structure with no rule of its existence.

Such group is occasional and for a temporary period.
17. What do you mean by local group OR define local group?

This is the group in which people live in a locality with their local
culture. The norms of the area bind the people in a community. This
group maintains social control in the community. The group leaders
are the controllers of social life.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Social interaction is the base of? a. social group b. culture c.

building d. none of the above
2. WhatsApp chatting is an example of? a. social space b. social
group c. social norms d. culture
3. Minimum persons required for a group are? a. four b. three c.
two d. five
4. Group social life constitutes? a. society b. sociology c. science
d. history
5. Strong and intimate relations are found in? a. primary group b.
secondary group c. formal group d. informal group

6. In which group, members are known with their nicknames? a.

primary group b. secondary group c. formal group d. informal group

7. Basic needs of life are fulfilled by? a. primary group b.

secondary group c. local group d. informal group

8. In rural society, which group is more important? a. primary

group b. secondary group c. formal group d. informal group
9. Modes of social control are formal in? a. primary group b.
informal group c. formal group d. local group

10. Duties and responsibilities of the members are written in? a.

primary group b. local group c. formal group d. informal group

11. People watching monkey show on the street form? a. primary

group b. informal group c. formal group d. local group

12. Formal and impersonal relation are found in? a. secondary

group b. primary group c. formal group d. informal group

13. Concept of secondary group was originated by? a. C.H.

Cooley b. Machiver c. Comte d. Durkheim

14. Concept of primary group was originated by? a. C.H. Cooley

b. Durkheim c. Comte d. Machiver

15. The concept of relevance group was introduced by? a. W.G.

Sumner b. Machiver c. Green d. Sherrif

Answers:

1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (a)
6. (d)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (c)
 10.(a)
11. (d)
12.(a)
13.(b)
14.(a)
15.(d)

QUESTIONS

1. What is status? Explain its types with reference to Pakistani

society.
2. What is role and status, explain their interrelationship?
3. What is role conflict? How it develops and in which
conditions? Explain
4. Explain role conflict as an industrial problem in an advanced
society.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.
1. Define social status according to Ralph Linton? OR What do
you mean by Social Status?

Ralph Linton says that: "Status is the place in a particular system,

which a certain individual occupies at a particular time". 1

2. Please explain types of status?

Status has two types which are: i. Achieved or attained status ii.
Ascribed or hereditary status

3. Define achieved status OR what do you mean by achieved

status?

Achieved status is attained on the basis of attributes, potentials and

skills which a person acquires while living in society. It varies from
person to person. Judge, professor, student, doctor etc. are the
example of it.

4. Define ascribed status OR what do you mean by ascribed

status?

Ascribed status is awarded to the individual at his or her birth

without any role and efforts. Age, sex, caste, religion are its
examples which are awarded at birth of the child.

5. Please write down the determinants of achieved status?

Determinants of achieved status are: i. Profession ii. power and

prestige iii. education iv. economic resources or wealth

6. Please write down the determinants of ascribed status?

Determinants of ascribed status are: (i) Age (ii) Gender (iii) caste

7. What is role OR what do you mean by role?

Ian Robertson says: “a set of expected behaviour patterns,

obligations, and privileges attached to particular social status”
called role.

8. Define relationship between status and role?

Status and role are interlinked and associated with each other in a
way one cannot separate them from each other. They are like two
sides of a coin. For example, a judge is respected due to his
judicious decisions or judgments. A criminal is dishonoured and
rejected by the society due to his act – committing crime.

9. Please write down any two ascribed statuses from our

society?

Two ascribed statuses are: i. age ii. caste

10. Please write down any three achieved statuses from our
society?

Three ascribed statuses are: i. professor ii. student iii. doctor

11. Define role conflict OR what do you mean by role conflict?

“When two or more different and contradictory roles occur at a time

in the same situation, role conflict happens.”

12. Please write down major causes of role conflict?

Major causes of role conflict are: i. Extra busy life

13. Please write down consequences or impacts of role conflict?

Consequences of role conflict are: i. Tension and worry ii. Poor

decision power iii. Sleeplessness iv. Short temperament

14. Write two characteristics of achieved status.

i. It is attained through efforts and skills. ii. It is dynamic and

changeable.

15. Write two characteristics of ascribed status.

i. It doesn't require any effort or skill to achieve. ii. It is attained at

the time of birth.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Achieving a position in society is called? a. group b. status c.

interaction d. all of the above
2. Statuses are assigned by? a. sociology b. caste c. society d.
strata
3. Practical form of status is? a. heredity b. role c. strata d. none
of the above
4. Performing role according to social expectations? a. role
performance b. social action c. group life d. none of the above.

5. Status and role are? a. separate b. interlink

6. Change in status has effects on? a. interaction b. role c. caste

d. modern society
7. Role conflict is a? a. role social change b. resource c. problem d.
disease

8. Solution of role conflict lies in? a. separation from role b. doctor

c. urban life d. food

9. How many statuses an individual has? a. two b. many c. four d.

six

10. Which one is the ascribed status? a. doctor b. engineer c. pilot

d. student

11. Ascribed status is awarded on the basis of? a. effort b. skills c.

heredity d. none of the above

12. Which one is the achieved status? a. age b. gender c. doctor d.

a&b

13. Achieved status is awarded on the basis of? a. effort b. skills

c. a & b d. heredity

Answers:

1. (b)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (b)
6. (b)
7. (c)
8. (a)
9. (b)
 10. (c)
11. (d)
12. (c)
13. (c)

QUESTIONS

1. What do you mean by norm? Describe types and explain any

one of them.
2. Define social norms, explain its importance.
3. What is folkway? How does it affect our social life?
4. What are sanctions? Explain its types with examples.
SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define social norms according to Ogburn and Nimkoff? OR

What do you mean by social norms.

According to Ogburn and Nimkoff: "social norms are guiding

principles of human behaviour which are used by people for the
achievement of their purpose."

2. Please write down important functions of social norms?

Social norms have following functions: i. They provide guidance. ii.

They award status and rewards. iii. They control human behaviour.
iv. They create social institutions.

3. Define cultural norms OR what do you mean by cultural

norms?

Cultural norms are ideally expected manners of behaviour. These

are the goals of society. What we expect from our elders are our
cultural norms. What our elders guide us are our cultural norms.

4. Please write down types of social norms?

Types of social norms are: i. folkways ii. Mores, and iii. laws

5. Define folkways OR what do you mean by folkways?

William Graham Sumner says: "Folkways are the socially approved
ways of behaving in society. Those which are simple and secure our
low values are called folkways."

6. Please write down importance or functions of folkways?

Folkways have following functions: i. Creates group solidarity ii.

Force people to obey customs iii. Protects social values iv. Fulfill
human needs

7. Define mores OR what do you mean by mores?

According to Gillin and Gillin: "mores are those customs and group
routines which are thought by the members of society to be
necessary to the group's continued existence." 1

1. www.scribd.com
www.scribd.com

8. Please write down importance or functions of mores?

Mores have following functions: i. Maintain social control ii.

Protection of social values iii. Increase social integration iv.
Minimize social evils and crime

9. Define laws OR what do you mean by laws?

According to Shankar Rao: "Written codes of life, conduct and

behavior enforced by neutral institutions and agencies of society
are called laws."

10. Please write down importance or functions of laws?

Laws have following functions: i. Maintain social justice ii.
Protection of human rights and social stability iii. Determine criteria
of right and wrong iv. Maintain social control and social stability

11. Please explain the relationship between folkways, mores

and laws?

Folkways, mores and laws are interlinked and associated with each
other. Folkways and mores are

Force people to obey customs iii. Protects social values iv. Fulfill
human needsFolkways, mores and laws are interlinked and
associated with each other.

16. Define in-formal sanctions OR what do you mean by in-

formal sanctions?

"Informal sanctions are without any rule or law and are enforced by
society."

17. Define positive formal sanctions OR what are positive formal

sanctions?

Sanctions awarded under law being positive are, promotion to

higher scale in service, certificate or degree awarded at the success
of examination and permission to use badge and uniform in police,
armed forces, air services, railways and high rank judges.

18. Define positive in-formal sanctions OR what are positive in-

formal sanctions?
Positive informal sanctions include praise slogans, well behaving,
smart, neat and clean, good looking and declaration of good,
honest.

19. Define negative formal sanctions OR what are negative

formal sanctions?

Fine, jail imprisonment, police arrest, count trial and death

sentence are negative formal sanctions.

20. Define negative in-formal sanctions OR what are negative in-

formal sanctions?

Informal negative sanctions are punishments awarded without

writing and rule. These include threat, admonishing, abusing, calling
names, beating and harsh treatment.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. When an individual follows norms, his status in society? a.

decreases b. increases c. un changes d. none of the above
2. Social norms are important for? a. sociology b. society c.
animals d. forest
3. Individual learns basic norms of society from? a. friends b.
neighbour c. family d. police
 4. Which one is law making organization? a. social group b.
national assembly c. parents d. police
5. Formal negative sanctions are imposed on violation of? a. laws
b. folkways c. mores d. a & b
6. Most important social norms are? a. laws b. mores c. folkways
d. a & b
7. Social norms are? a. habits b. customs c. standards of right
and wrong d. culture
8. System of reward and punishment is called? a. laws b. social
norms c. social sanctions d. reward
9. Which one is formal positive sanction? a. death b. fine c.
praise d. medal

10. Which one is informal negative sanction? a. appreciation b.

laughing others c. death d. all of the above

11. Most important and refined form of social norms are? a.

laws b. folkways c. mores d. none of the above

12. Lowest degree of social norms are? a. folkways b. mores c.

laws d. none of the above

13. Death penalty and fine are? a. informal negative sanctions b.

formal negative sanctions c. formal positive sanctions d. informal
positive sanctions

14. Which one is negative sanction? a. fine b. praise c. medal d. all

of the above

15. Informal social norm is? a. laws b. legal codes c. a & b d.

folkways
Model Paper No. 2

(According to the Patterns of Federal Board, Agha Khan Board and

Karakaram University)

Chapter 5 to 8

Section A (Marks 20)

Time: 25 Minutes

Q.1. Circle the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d. Each part carries 1 mark.

i. Minimum persons required for a group are? (a) four (b) three (c)
two (d) five

ii. Strong and intimate relations are found in? (a) primary group (b)
secondary group (c) formal group (d) informal group

iii. Modes of social control are formal in? (a) primary group (b)
local group (c) formal group (d) informal group

iv. Duties and responsibilities of the members are written in? (a)
primary group (b) local group (c) formal group (d) informal group

v. Concept of secondary group was originated by? (a) C.H. Cooley

(b) Machiver (c) Comte (d) Durkheim

vi. Achieving a position in society is called? (a) group (b) status (c)
interaction (d) all of the above
vii. Performing role according to social expectations? (a) role
performance (b) social action (c) group life (d) none

viii. Role conflict is a? (a) social change (b) resource (c) problem (d)
disease

ix. Which one is the ascribed status? (a) doctor (b) engineer (c)
rajput (d) student

x. Achieved status is awarded on the basis of? (a) effort (b) skills
(c) a & b (d) heredity

xi. Social norms are important for? (a) sociology (b) society (c)
forest (d) animals

xii. Individual learns basic norms of society from? (a) heredity (b)
neighbour (c) friends (d) family

xiii. Formal negative sanctions are imposed on violation of? (a)

mores (b) folkways (c) laws (d) a & b

xiv. Social norms are? (a) standards of right and wrong (b) customs
(c) habits (d) culture

xv. System of reward and punishment is called? (a) social

sanctions (b) social norms (c) laws (d) reward

xvi. Death penalty and fine are? (a) informal negative sanctions (b)
formal negative sanctions (c) formal positive sanctions (d) informal
positive sanctions

xvii. Concept of primary group was originated by? (a) Cooley (b)
Maciver (c) Sumner (d) Durkheim
xviii. Solution of role conflict lies in? (a) urban life (b) doctor (c)
separation from role (d) food

xix. Law making organization? (a) group (b) police (c) parents (d)
national assembly

xx. Formal positive sanction? (a) death (b) fine (c) prays (d) medal

Section B (Marks 50)

Q.2 (a) Attempt any FIFTEEN parts. The answer to each part
should not exceed 3 to 4 lines.

i. Define social group.

ii. Explain essentials of social group.

iii. Explain importance of social group?

iv. Explain four characteristics of primary group.

v. Explain four characteristics of secondary group.

vi. Explain four characteristics of formal group.

vii. Define social status.

viii. Define achieved status.

ix. Please write down determinants of achieved status.

x. What is role?

xi. Define role conflict.

xii. Define relationship between status and role.

xiii. Please write down major causes of role conflict.

xiv. Define social norms.

xv. Please write down important functions of social norms.

xvi. Define folkways.

xvii. Define mores.

xviii. Define laws.

xix. Explain the relationship between folkways, mores and laws.

xx. Define social sanctions.

xxi. What is cooperation?

(b) Attempt any ONE Part.

(1x5=5)

xv. Which one is informal negative sanction? (a) appreciation (b)

laughing others (c) death (d) all of the above

xvi. Most important and refined form of social norms are? (a)
laws (b) folkways (c) mores (d) none of the above

xvii. Lowest degree of social norms are? (a) folkways (b) mores (c)
laws (d) none of the above
xviii. Death penalty and fine are? (a) informal negative sanctions
(b) formal negative sanctions (c) formal positive sanctions (d)
informal positive sanctions

xix. Which one is negative sanction? (a) fine (b) praise (c) medal
(d) all of the above

xx. Informal social norm is? (a) laws (b) legal codes (c) a & b (d)
folkways

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (a)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (b)
6. (b)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (d)
10. (c)
11. (d)
12. (a)
13. (c)
14. (a)
15. (d)

Section C (Marks 30)

Note: Attempt any THREE Questions.

All questions carry equal marks. (3 x 10 = 30)

1. What is conflict? Explain types of competition.

2. Define social group. Explain two of its types.
3. What is status? Explain its types with reference to Pakistani
society.
4. What do you mean by norm? Describe types and explain any
one of them.
5. What are sanctions? Explain its types with examples.

QUESTION

1. What is deviance? Explain its causes.

2. What is social control? Describe its formal and informal
agencies briefly.
3. Write a note on mechanism of social control.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer
must be precise and brief.

1. Define social deviance according to Horton and Hunt? OR

what do you mean by social deviance?

Horton and Hunt define: "any failure to conform to customary

norms is called social deviance."

2. How social deviance is a social problem of Pakistan?

People remain disturbed on violation of norms. Violation of norms

are disliked in group life. Breaking rules for social life is condemned
in all conditions. The criminals and violators of general code of life
are a menace for the people. People fear from them and their
activities. They are hated in all associations and at 1 social
gatherings. Because deviance is frequently found in social life.
Hence it is a social problem of Pakistan.

3. Please write down any four causes of social deviance?

Causes of social deviance are: i. Broken Family and improper

socialization ii. Lack of interest in Education or illiteracy iii. Lack of
Religious education and morality iv. Parentless child

4. Define social control according to Cohen and Orbuch? OR

what do you mean by social control?

Bruce J. Cohen and Terri L. Orbuch define: "all means and methods
used to induce a person to conform to the expectations of a group
or society called social control."
5. What are the agencies of social control?

There are two major agencies of social control

6. What do you mean by formal agencies of social control OR

define formal agencies of social control with example?

Formal agencies are those, which are running under certain

procedures and law, and are enforced by some agencies and
departments. These include police, courts, jails, military and
school.

7. What do you mean by informal agencies of social control OR

define informal agencies of social control with example?

Informal agencies are those which are running without any defined
codes and procedures and are enforced by the general public on
loosely structural basis. Family, peers, neighbours, relatives,
colleagues, friends, television and newspapers with the
programmes of moral and religious values are include in it.

8. Please write down important steps to attain social control in

society?

Important steps of social control are: i. Correction of offenders ii.

Model orphanage homes iii. Protection of lost and kidnapped
children iv. Socialization of beggars and unemployed v. Religious
education

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Violation of cultural norms i.e., is called? a. crime b. hate c.

deviance d. none

2. Which age group is mostly involved in deviant acts? a. female

b. old age c. youth d. kids

3. Which one is violation of cultural norms? a. internet chatting b.

parents respect c. disrespect to the parents d. none

4. Violation of law is called? a. crime b. value conflict c. deviance

d. social value

5. Law violator is called? a. criminal b. poor c. gangster d. deviant

6. Mobile snatching is a? a. crime b. social disrespect c. deviance

d. value conflict

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (a)
5. (a)
6. (b)

QUESTIONS
 1. What is society? Describe its elements.
2. Define society. Explain conditions in view of different writers.
3. How animal and human societies are different from each
other. Explain.
4. What is society? Explain its types.
5. Define society, also explain concept of society in Islam.
6. Write a note on evolution of human society.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define society according to Ralph Linton? OR what do you

mean by society?

Ralph Linton says that society is: "any group of people who have
lived and worked together long enough to get themselves organized
and to think of themselves as a social unit with well-defined limits".

2. What are elements or essentials of Society?

Elements of society are: i. an aggregate of people, ii. having an

original system controlling their activities, iii. a territorial boundary,
iv. their own ideology, and v. common social features and social
structure.

3. Please explain salient features of Islamic Society.

Salient features are: i. Brotherhood and equality ii. Simplicity iii.
Sacrifice iv. Global brotherhood v. Freedom vi. Social justice

4. Explain important factors for evolution of human society?

Important points of evolution of society are: i. Industrial and

mechanical development ii. Sources of communication iii.
Population size iv. Economic and physical resources

5. Write down any two points on social life among animals OR

write down two points showing similarities between human and
animal society?

Characteristics of social life in animals are: i. Animals live together

in groups like humans. ii. Division of labour is also found in animals
like human societies.

6. Write down any two points to differentiate between human

and animal societies?

Difference between human and animal societies: i. Humans do not

have language in every human society, which is not present in
animal societies. ii. Human societies have their own culture, which
is not present in animal societies.

7. Write down any four types of society?

Four types of society are: i. Rural society ii. Traditional society iii.
Urban society iv. Modern society

8. What is rural society OR what do you mean by rural society?

Those who live in rural areas belong to rural society. They live in
farmstead, in hamlets or in villages. The life in these areas is simple
and a very low degree of change is seen in such areas.

9. Write down any four characteristics of rural society?

Four important characteristics of rural society are: i. Open

settlement ii. Mud constructed houses iii. Informal social groups iv.
Less social change

10. What is urban society OR what do you mean by urban

society?

Urban society is based on large-scale residence with modern

facilities like education, colleges, medical services, and
recreations. The congestion of population creates problems of
housing and criminal activities.

11. Write down any four characteristics of urban society?

Four important characteristics of urban society are: i. Dense

settlement pattern ii. Formal Social Interaction iii. Complex Division
of Labour iv. High degree of social change

12. What is nomadic society OR what do you mean by nomadic

society?

Those tribes seen walking on road, from place to place along with
their house material on the back of horses and donkeys belong to
nomadic society.

13. Write down any four characteristics of nomadic society?

Four important characteristics of nomadic society are: i. Small
population size ii. Common geographical mobility iii. Absence of
ownership iv. Traditional way of living

14. What is sedentary society OR what do you mean by

sedentary society?

Sedentary is the society in which people live at one place of

settlement. Big and small settlements of urban and rural areas are
sedentary. They have their property by inheritance and accept
changes according to their social and cultural norms.

15. Write down any four characteristics of sedentary society?

Four important characteristics of sedentary society are: i.

Permanent settlement ii. Transfer of ancestral land iii. Stratified
social change iv. Low geographical mobility

16. What is traditional society OR what do you mean by

traditional society?

Traditional society is the society in which social change is seldom.

Customary ways of life are dominant people are emotionally with
their traditions. Modern facilities are not available to all equally.
Standard of living is low due to slow progress in economic
resources.

17. Write down any four characteristics of traditional society?

Four important characteristics of traditional society are: i. Non-

industrial structure ii. Simple economic institutions iii. Simple way
of living iv. Protection of religious and cultural values
18. What is modern society OR what do you mean by modern
society?

Modern society is opposite to traditional. Education, industry,

business, transportation and communication facilities are easily
available. The standard of life is higher with rapid change of
progress according to resources.

19. Write down any four characteristics of modern society?

Four important characteristics of modern society are: i. Advance

industry and technology

15. Write down any four characteristics of sedentary society?

Four important characteristics of sedentary society are: i.

Permanent settlement ii. Transfer of ancestral land iii. Stratified
social change iv. Low geographical mobility

16. What is traditional society OR what do you mean by

traditional society?

Traditional society is the society in which social change is seldom.

Customary ways of life are dominant people are emotionally with
their traditions. Modern facilities are not available to all equally.
Standard of living is low due to slow progress in economic
resources.

17. Write down any four characteristics of traditional society?

Four important characteristics of traditional society are: i. Non-
industrial structure ii. Simple economic institutions iii. Simple way
of living iv. Protection of religious and cultural values

18. What is modern society OR what do you mean by modern

society?

Modern society is opposite to traditional. Education, industry,

business, transportation and communication facilities are easily
available. The standard of life is higher with rapid change of
progress according to resources.

19. Write down any four characteristics of modern society?

Four important characteristics of modern society are: i. Advance

industry and technology

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. 'Man is a social animal', said by? a. Plato b. Durkheim c.

Aristotle d. Max Weber
2. Group life is inevitable for humans said by? a. Ibne Khaldon b.
Imam Ghazali c. Durkheim d. August Comte
3. Social system of animals is based on? a. heredity b.
interaction c. groups d. food
4. Culture transmits from one generation to other through? a.
family b. social problems c. science d. friends
5. Types of society are? a. three b. four c. eight d. six
 6. In which society, women are working almost in every walks of
life with men? a. traditional society b. sedentary society c.
pastoral society d. modern society
7. Traditional society resists high degree of? a. social change b.
resources c. interaction d. informal group
8. Which one is not present in animal society? a. reproduction
system b. group life c. culture d. food

Every culture has its own marriage system

Please write down any four causes of cultural

similarity or uniformity?

Causes of cultural similarity are:

i. Similar Geographical environment

ii. Similar Social Needs

iii. Similar Learning capacity

iv. Similar Raw Material

Please write down any four causes of cultural

dissimilarity / variability?

Important causes of cultural variability are:

i. Different Geographical environment

ii. Different Social Needs

iii. Different Learning capacity

iv. Different Raw Material

Please define cultural change according to Horton

and Hunt? OR what do you mean by cultural change?

Horton and Hunt said: "changes in the culture of

society is called cultural change".

Please explain process of cultural change?

Processes of cultural change are:

i. Diffusion

ii. Acculturation

iii. Assimilation

iv. Discovery

v. Invention

What do you mean by diffusion OR define

diffusion?

Cultural traits spread from one culture area to another.

Here are the questions from the provided text files, ordered
numerically and then alphabetically within each number:
**1.** Man is a social animal; said by?

**2.** Group life is inevitable for human beings; said by?

**3.** Social system of animals is based on?

**4.** Culture transmits from one generation to other through?

**5.** Types of society are?

**6.** In which society, women are working almost in every walks of

life with men?

**7.** Traditional society resists high degree of?

**8.** Which one is not present in animal society life?

**9.** Please explain cultural change?

**10.** What do you mean by diffusion OR define diffusion?

**15.** Write down any four characteristics of sedentary society?

**16.** What is the society OR what do you mean by traditional

society?

**17.** Write down any four characteristics of traditional society?

**18.** What is modern society OR what do you mean by modern

society?

Model Paper No. 3

(According to the Patterns of Federal Board, Agha Khan Board and

Karakaram University)

Chapter 9 to 12

Section A (Marks 20)

Time: 25 Minutes

Q.1. Circle the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d. Each part carries 1 mark.

i. Violation of cultural norms is called? (a) crime (b) respectful (c)

deviance (d) none of the above

ii. Which age group is mostly involved in deviant acts? (a) female
(b) old age (c) youth (d) kids
iii. Violation of law is called? (a) crime (b) social value (c) deviance
(d) value conflict

iv. Mobile snatching is a? (a) deviance (b) crime (c) value conflict
(d) social disrespect

v. 'Man is a social animal', said by? (a) Plato (b) Durkheim (c)
Aristotle (d) Max Weber

vi. Social system of animals is based on? (a) heredity (b)

interaction (c) groups (d) food

vii. Types of society are? (a) three (b) four (c) eight (d) six

viii. In which society, women are working almost in every walks

of life with men? (a) traditional society (b) sedentary society (c)
pastoral society (d) modern society

ix. Which one is not present in animal society? (a) sexual system
(b) group life (c) culture (d) food

x. Culture means? (a) music and dance (b) dresses (c) ways of
living (d) eating habits

xi. Values, norms and customs are? (a) material culture (b) non-
material culture (c) real culture (d) ideal culture

xii. Schools, building and shrines are? (a) material culture (b) non-
material culture (c) real culture (d) ideal culture

xiii. The theory "clash of civilization" is (a) material culture (b)

non-material culture (c) cultural uniformity (d) none of the above
Section B (Marks 50)

Q.2 (a) Attempt any FIFTEEN parts. The answer to each part should
not exceed 3 to 4 lines.

i. Define social deviance.

ii. How social deviance is a social problem?

iii. Explain any four causes of social deviance?

iv. Define social control?

v. Define formal agencies of social control?

vi. Explain important steps to attain social control in society?

vii. Define society

viii. What are elements or essentials of Society?

ix. Explain salient features of Islamic Society

x. Differentiate between human and animal societies?

xi. Explain four characteristics of rural society?

xii. What is urban society?

xiii. Explain four characteristics of nomadic society?

xiv. What is modern society?

xv. Define culture.

xvi. Define cultural uniformity?

xvii. Define cultural variability.

xviii. Explain four causes of cultural similarity or uniformity?

xix. Define civilization

xx. Write down three major civilizations of the world?

xxi. Define cultural change

(b) Attempt any ONE Part.

i. What is diffusion?

ii. Differentiate discovery and invention.

Section C (Marks 30)

Note: Attempt any THREE Questions.

All questions carry equal marks. (3 x 10 = 30)

3. What is deviance? Explain its causes.

4. What is society? Explain its types.
5. Define culture. Explain cultural uniformity with example.
6. What is cultural change? Explain its major sources.

QUESTIONS
 1. What is ethnocentrism? Explain its merits and demerits with
example.
2. Write notes on: (i) Merits of ethnocentrism (ii) Cultural
relativism

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define ethnocentrism according to Horton and Hunt? OR what

do you mean by ethnocentrism?

Horton and Hunt deduce that: "ethnocentrism is the habit of every

group of taking for granted the superiority of its culture".

2. Please explain merits of ethnocentrism?

Merits of ethnocentrism are: i. Promotion of integrative forces ii.

Reduces social conflict iii. Conformity of Traditions and rituals iv.
Increases Cooperation v. Source of protection

3. Please write demerits of ethnocentrism?

Demerits of ethnocentrism are: i. Increases social problem ii.

Barrier in International relation iii. Barrier in social progress iv.
Decreases direction of thinking v. Social differentiation

4. What do you mean by cultural relativism OR define cultural

relativism?
Bruce J. Cohen defines: "meaning and value of a trait must be
judged in relation to its cultural context if it is to be fully
understood".

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. To consider our self superior and others inferior is called? a.

Ideal culture b. social gap c. ethnocentrism d. max weber
2. Concept of ethnocentrism was introduced by? a. Durkheim b.
karl marx c. science d. nation
3. Ethnocentrism is a? a. spirit b. culture c. nation d. karl marx
4. One of the merit of ethnocentrism is? a. social solidarity b.
food supply c. disintegration d. social conflict
5. One of the demerit of ethnocentrism is? a. social solidarity b.
food supply c. internal forces of a group becomes strong d.
social differentiation
6. Internal forces of a group becomes strong due to? a. social
change b. food supply c. ethnocentrism d. social gap

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (c)
6. (c)
Character Building

The major function of educational institutions is to build character

among the students. They learn social and cultural values and
become useful members of society. The character is morality which
is transmitted through education. 1

QUESTIONS

1. What is education? Discuss the function of educational

institutions.

ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

6. What is formal education?

Formal education are: i. formal education ii. informal education

Formal Education; which is given in school, colleges, universities

having systematic scheme of education.

7. What is informal education?

Informal Education; which is given at home and madrassas with no

systematic scheme of education.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.
 1. Types of education are? a. one b. six c. two d. five
2. Function of education? a. mental development b. character
building c. socialization d. all of the above
3. Introduction of laws to people from one generation to other is
done by? a. education b. relatives c. employment d. none of
the above
4. Transmission of experience from one generation to other is
done by? a. education b. nuclear family c. employment d. none
of the above
5. Process of education and learning spans upto? a. childhood b.
old age c. death d. adultery

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (d)
5. (c)

QUESTIONS

1. What is religion? Discuss its elements.

2. What are the functions of religion with reference to Pakistani
society?

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer
must be precise and brief.

1. Define religious institution according to Durkheim? OR what

do you mean by religious institution?

As defined by Durkheim: "Religion is the unified system of beliefs

and practices related to sacred things."

2. Please write down basic elements or components of religion?

Basic elements or components are: i. Belief in religion ii.

Organization exists iii. Symbolism a part of religion iv. Belief in
supernatural forces v. Acts, defined as righteous and sinful or
sacred and profane

3. Please write down important functions of religious

institution?

Important functions of religious institution are: i. Religion removes

fear and anxiety ii. Judgment of Right and Wrong iii. Preservation of
Values iv. Religion Creates Purity and Cleanliness v. Religion
Creates Social Solidarity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.
 1. Institution dealing with sacred and profane? a. education b.
family c. religion d. politics
2. Zakat, prayer and hajj are related with? a. government b. family
c. religion d. politics
3. Belief is a part of? a. group b. prayer c. religion d. family
4. Which one is the major function of religious institution? a.
social solidarity b. research c. one d. none of the above
5. Believe in supernatural force is the component of? a. family b.
politics c. economics d. religion

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (d)
Model Paper No. 4

(According to the Patterns of Federal Board, Agha Khan Board and

Karakaram University)

Chapter 14 to 17

Section A (Marks 20)

Time: 25 Minutes

Q.1. Circle the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d. Each part carries 1 mark.

i. Basis of human society is? (a) school (b) institutions (c) social
control (d) sociology

ii. Pillars of society are? (a) institutions (b) factories (c) male (d)
none of the above

iii. Social institutions are found in? (a) rural society (b) urban
society (c) every society (d) nomadic society

iv. How many basic institutions are in a society? (a) two (b) four
(c) six (d) twelve

v. Basis of social institutions is on? (a) social norms (b)

economics (c) performance (d) culture

vi. Marriage and socialization of children are the functions of? (a)
education (b) family (c) state (d) relatives
vii. Life of individual starts from? (a) education (b) politics (c)
family (d) none of the above

viii. One man marrying two or more women at a time is called?

(a) polygyny (b) polyandry (c) monogamy (d) endogamy

ix. Common types of family system in Pakistan is? (a) joint family
(b) nuclear family (c) matrilocal (d) none of the above

x. In which family women is authoritative and decision maker?

(a) patriarchal (b) matriarchal (c) matrilineal (d) matrilineal

xi. Types of education are? (a) one (b) six (c) two (d) five

xii. Function of education? (a) socialization (b) character building

(c) mental development (d) all of the above

xiii. Introduction of laws to people in done by? (a) education (b)

peers (c) neighbours (d) relatives

xiv. Transmission of experience from one generation to other is

done by? (a) education (b) nuclear family (c) employment (d) none
of the above

xv. Process of education and learning spans upto? (a) childhood

(b) adulthood (c) death (d) none of the above

Section B (Marks 50)

Q.2 (a) Attempt any FIFTEEN parts. The answer to each part should
not exceed 3 to 4 lines.

i. Define social institution.

ii. Define nuclear family.

iii. Define joint family.

iv. Explain problems of educational institutions.

v. Differentiate institution and group.

vi. Please write down elements of social institution?

vii. Please write down important functions of social institution?

viii. Define family.

ix. What are the elements of family?

x. Please write down names of family types?

xi. What do you mean by conjugal family?

xii. Please write down important functions of family?

xiii. What is education?

xiv. What do you mean by educational institution?

xv. Please write down important functions of education?

xvi. What is extended family?

xvii. What is formal education?

xviii. Define religion?

xix. Explain elements of religion?

xx. Differentiate between formal and informal education.

xxi. Explain major religions of the world.

xxii. What is informal education?

xxiii. What are aims of education?

Section C (Marks 30)

Note: Attempt any THREE Questions.

All questions carry equal marks. (3 x 10 = 30)

Explain functions of religious institution.

What do you mean by institution? Elaborate its general social

functions.
Explain functions of family.

What is education? Discuss functions of educational institutions.

QUESTIONS

1. Name a few economic institutions of Pakistan and discuss

their elements?
2. What are the major functions of economic institutions?
3. How the rural and urban economic organisations are
functioning in our society? Discuss their mutual relationship.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define economic institution according to Morris Ginsberg? OR

what do you mean by economic institution?

According to Morris Ginsberg: "any institution dealing with

production, distribution and supply of goods and material, division
of wealth, sense of ownership of the property, and profit and loss is
called economic institution".

2. What are major economic institutions of Pakistan?

Major economic institutions of Pakistan are: i. Banks ii. Industries iii.
Stock exchanges iv. Markets and big shopping malls etc

3. Please write down sub-institutions of agriculture?

Important sub-institutions of agriculture are: i. Irrigation system ii.

Land tenure system iii. Agriculture farming iv. Production, store and
supplying agencies of seed, fertilizer and insecticides v. Agricultural
sale depots, markets, flour mills and other institutions

4. What are basic elements of economic structure?

Basic elements of economic structure are: i. Property ownership ii.

Irrigation system iii. Labour Force

5. Explain functions of economic institution?

Important functions of economic institution are: i. Production of

goods and services ii. Distribution of production iii.
Interdependence of other Institutions iv. Power and Authority
Provided v. Income generation and employment vi. Socialization of
the people

6. Please write down about rural economic organization? OR

what is rural economic organization?

The farmer is in the centre of this organization. He is supported by

the carpenter, barbar, blacksmith, shopkeeper, broker, agriculture
officer, veterinary staff, school teacher, Maulvi Sahib, patwari and
others in helping him and he is not in the farm. He pays his helpers
at bearing of the crops in kind. In this way his time is saved and he is
not to run after them for getting his job done. They all are around the
farmer who is in the centre. This creates rural economic
organization in Pakistan.

7. What do you mean by urban economic organization?

The urban life has various professions. Among them business,

industry and services oriented departments are more popular. All
the urban professionals who are round the labourer and skilled
professionals and heavily paid by their masters in the huge amount
of the industries and organizations earn in return. Head of the profit.
This kind of urban economic organization exists in urban areas of
Pakistan.

8. Please explain relationship between rural and urban

economic organization?

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Institution dealing with trade and labour? a. education b.

politics c. economics d. family
2. Tax and export are related with? a. religion b. economics c.
government d. family
3. Economic institution controls? a. morality b. living style c.
economics d. economics
4. Financial support and funds are provided to other institutions
by? a. education b. politics c. economics d. family
 5. Creating division of labour is the function of? a. family b.
politics c. economics d. religion

Answers:

1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (c)

ix. Evaluation of other institutions - Functioning of other

institutions like economics, religion, education, family etc are
evaluated by political institutions. Political institutions set code
sand standards for these institutions.

QUESTIONS

1. How state and citizens are related? Discuss.

2. Explain social functions of political institutions.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define political institution according to Shankar Rao? OR what

do you mean by political institution?
According to C.N. Shankar Rao "maintain social control and
authority which is used to maintain social control in the society is
called political institution".

2. Please write down functions of political institutions?

Functions of political institutions are: i. To Regulate Relationship

among the members of society ii. Welfare works to the people iii. To
Create Social Control iv. Implementation of Law v. Evaluation of
other institutions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Institution deals with law and order? a. education b. politics c.

economics d. family
2. Law making is one of the main function of? a. religious
institution b. political institution c. education institution d.
family
3. Courts and jails are part of? a. religious institution b. political
institution c. education institution d. family
4. Relations with other countries are maintained by? a. police b.
political institution c. education institution d. courts

5. Functions of other institutions are evaluated by? a. education

institution b. religious institution c. political institution d. family

6. Power and authority are related with? a. education institution b.

religious institution c. political institution d. family
Answers:

1. (b)
2. (b)
3. (b)
4. (b)
5. (c)
6. (b)

QUESTIONS

1. What are the major recreational activities of rural and urban

people in Pakistan?
2. Sort out the formal, informal, and commercial recreations
from Pakistani society.
3. How the recreational institutions are related to other
institutions of Pakistani society?

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. What do you mean by recreation?

Recreation is removal of boredom and exhaustion by changing
roles. Man needs recreation after he is tired of his roles.

2. What kinds of recreations found in rural areas of Pakistan?

Following are rural recreations: i. Newspaper ii. Fairs iii. Exhibitions

iv. Radio and T.V. v. Local cultural events

3. What kind of recreations found in urban areas of Pakistan?

Urban recreations are: i. Cinema and Theatre ii. Exhibitions and

festivals iii. Music concerts iv. Basant celebration and other cultural
events

4. Please explain functions of recreational institutions.

i. Increases output ii. Training of social norms iii. Economic

betterment iv. Personality development v. Positive use of time vi.
Mental and physical health

Explanation:

The people of a Bradri do not live at the same place. They may have
different languages, styles of dresses and customs of marriage. The
only similarity among them is that they marry with one another and
share the birth, death, marriage and other ceremonies together. It
takes longer to create assimilation among them. Even for decades
their relatives do not get familiar with one another. Because seldom
they happen to see one another for a short period.
QUESTIONS

1. What is social stratification? Discuss its classes.

2. Write notes on class, caste and Bradri and explain differences
between class and caste.
3. Please explain determinants of social stratification in Pakistan.
4. Explain merits and demerits of social stratification.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer
must be precise and brief.

1. Define social stratification according to Roucek and Warren?

OR what is social stratification?

According to Roucek and Warren social stratification means: "the

vertical division of society into different social status levels".

2. Please write down determinants or elements of social

stratification?

Determinants of stratification are: i. economic resources ii.

occupation iii. prestige iv. power and authority v. caste vi. education

3. What do you mean by social class OR define social class

according to Karl Marx?

Karl Marx defined class: "a group of people having more or less
equal economic resources and indicating similar standard of living
in a society".
4. What are characteristics of social stratification?

Following are the characteristics of social stratification: i. It is

universal. ii. It is diverse. iii. It is inevitable. iv. It is social.

5. What are the merits of social stratification?

Following are the merits of social stratification: i. Division of labor

6. What are the demerits of social stratification?

Following are the demerits of social stratification: i. Exploitation of

rights ii. Hatred behavior iii. Conflict among groups iv. Benefits to
specific class v. Crime and violence

7. Please write down social classes found in society?

There are three social classes found in every society which are: i.
Lower class ii. Middle class iii. Upper class

8. Define caste according to Maciver and Page?

According to Maciver and Page: "when status is wholly

predetermined so that men are born to their lot without any hope of
changing it, then the class takes the extreme form of 1 caste".

1. www.scribd.com
www.scribd.com

9. Please explain merits of caste?

Merits of caste are: i. Creates Social Solidarity ii. Creates Social

control iii. Endogamy iv. Formation of clan
10. Please explain demerits of caste?

Demerits of caste are: i. Hatred for others ii. Low social mobility

11. Define Bradari OR what do you mean by Bradri?

"It is a group of families related with one another by marriage is

called a bradri".

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Division of society on the basis of economic or social traits is

called? a. social action b. sanction c. social stratification d.
social group
2. Francis E. Merill said social stratification as? a. social action b.
political institution c. social differentiation d. social sanctions
3. Society is divided in to how many classes? a. two b. three c.
four d. five
4. A small proportion of people belongs to? a. upper class b.
middle class c. lower class d. none of the above
5. In rural areas, important element of social stratification is? a.
wealth b. education c. caste d. occupation
6. Caste system prevails in? a. modern society b. traditional
society c. barbarian society d. nomadic society
7. Caste system weakens due to? a. industrial development b.
laws c. military d. sanctions
8. Bradari is based on? a. education b. occupation c. blood
relations d. political background

Answers:

1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (b)
4. (a)
5. (c)
6. (b)
7. (a)
8. (c)

Urbanization: The development of modern attitude in urban

population is called urbanization. It is also attached with the
development of education, technology and industry. These factors
are interrelated together.

Rapid means of communication and transportation: The means

of communication and transportation play great role in bringing
about social change. The people get traditional attitudes changed
and accept modern ways of living by these sources of information.

QUESTIONS

1. What is social mobility? Discuss its causes.

2. Explain types of social mobility with examples from Pakistani
society.
SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define social mobility according to Fairchild? OR what do you

mean by social mobility?

According to Fairchild: "social mobility is a movement from one

condition to another".

2. Please explain causes or determinants of social mobility?

Causes of social mobility are: i. Dissatisfaction from Previous

Conditions ii. Adoption of new conditions iii. Industrial and
Technological Development iv. Education v. Rapid Means of
Communication and Transportation

3. Please explain types of social mobility?

Types of social mobility are: i. Horizontal mobility ii. Vertical mobility

iii. Geographical or territorial mobility iv. Intergenerational mobility
v. Intragenerational mobility

4. What do you mean by horizontal mobility OR define horizontal

mobility?

A change of profession with no significant movement up or down in

the system of social status is called horizontal mobility. 1

5. What do you mean by vertical mobility OR define vertical

mobility?
It is defined as any upward or downward change in the absolute
income and status of an individual.

6. What do you mean by territorial / geographical mobility OR

define territorial / geographical mobility?

It is the change of residence from one place to another. In rural

areas the people of a community dislike to leave their ancestral
place of living. In urban areas, leave one place and sell one house
and purchase another, leave one place and get another on rent,
leave one city and migrate to another.

7. What do you mean by intergenerational mobility OR define

intergenerational mobility?

Refers to social mobility that takes place between generations. For

example, son of a taxi driver earns a college education and
becomes a successful doctor, intergenerational mobility has
occurred.

8. What do you mean by intragenerational mobility OR define

intragenerational mobility?

It refers to change or changes in the social status of an individual or

group of individuals with in the same generation. For example,
among four brothers, one became CSP officer and other brothers
remain in low social status comparing with him, then

intragenerational mobility occurs.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Social mobility means change in? a. height b. status c. culture

d. interaction
2. Major types of social mobility are? a. eight b. three c. two d.
none of the above
3. Economic prosperity leads to? a. cultural mobility b.
geographical mobility c. underdevelopment d. cultural
uniformity
4. Increase in salary? a. geographical mobility b. vertical mobility
c. horizontal mobility d. none of the above
5. Major cause of social mobility? a. education b. buildings c.
trade & business d. caste
6. Becoming a lecturer from clerk? a. geographical mobility b.
vertical mobility c. horizontal mobility d. cultural mobility

Answers:

1. (b)
 2. (b)
3. (b)
4. (b)
5. (a)
6. (b)

QUESTIONS

1. What is social change also explain causes of social change.

2. Write a note on factors of resisting social change.

SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Answer the following short questions in four to five lines. Answer

must be precise and brief.

1. Define social change according to Merrill? OR what do you

mean by social change?

According to Merrill, social change "involves such ideas as

interaction, movement, growth, and functions. Again, he holds, that
social change means that large number of persons are engaging in
activities that differ from those in which they or their parents
engaged some time before". 1
2. Please explain factors or causes of social change?

Causes of social change are: i. Cultural goal ii. Availability of natural

resources iii. Tendency toward change iv. Mass media of
Communication v. Acculturation Process

3. Please explain factors resisting to social change?

Factors resisting to change are: i. Rejection or non-acceptance of

new invention ii. Lack of new inventions iii. Vested interest iv.
Attachment with the past v. Cost

4. Explain relationship between social and cultural change.

Social and cultural changes coexists and interlink with each other
and it is difficult rather impossible to separate each other.
Sometimes social change takes place earlier and cultural change
later, and vice versa.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Every part has four options i.e., a, b, c and d. Please tick the correct
one.

1. Change in customs and traditions is called? a. social change

b. real culture c. ideal culture d. cultural change
2. Conversion of towns into big cities is called? a. social change
b. cultural change c. migration d. emigration
 3. Change in population growth rate is a? a. social change b.
culture c. group d. none
4. One of the main cause of change in society is? a. education b.
roads c. shopping malls d. buildings

Answers:

1. (a)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (a)

Model Paper No. 5

(According to the Patterns of Federal Board, Agha Khan Board and

Karakaram University)

Chapter 18 to 23

Section A (Marks 20)

Time: 25 Minutes

Q.1. Circle the correct option i.e. a/b/c/d. Each part carries 1 mark.

i. Institution dealing with trade and labour? (a) education (b)

politics (c) economics (d) family

ii. Tax and export are related with? (a) religion (b) economics (c)
religion (d) family

iii. Economic institution controls? (a) government (b) living style

(c) morality (d) economics
iv. Financial support and funds are provided to other institutions
by? (a) education (b) politics (c) economics (d) family

v. Creating division of labour is the function of? (a) teacher (b)

police officer (c) economics (d) none

vi. Institution deals with law and order? (a) education (b) politics
(c) economics (d) family

vii. Law making is one of the main function of? (a) school (b)
political institution (c) university (d) all above

viii. Courts and jails are part of? (a) religious institution (b) political
institution (c) education institution (d) family

ix. Relations with other countries are maintained by? (a) police
(b) political institution (c) education institution (d) courts

x. Functions of other institutions are evaluated by? (a) police (b)

political institution (c) hospital (d) a & c

xi. Power and authority are related with? (a) religious institution
(b) political institution (c) education institution (d) family

xii. Division of society on the basis of economic or social traits is

called? (a) social stratification (b) social group (c) social action (d)
sanction

xiii. Francis E. Merill said social stratification as? (a) social

differentiation (b) political institution (c) social action (d) social
sanctions
xiv. Society is divided in to how many classes? (a) two (b) three (c)
four (d) five

xv. Functions of other institutions are evaluated by? (a)

education institution (b) religious institution (c) political institution
(d) family

xvi. Power and authority are related with? (a) education institution
(b) religious institution (c) political institution (d) family

xv. Functions of other institutions are evaluated by? (a)

education institution (b) religious institution (c) political institution
(d) family

xvi. Power and authority are related with? (a) education institution
(b) religious institution (c) political institution (d) family

xvii. What is social stratification? (a) social action (b) social

differentiation (c) social stratification (d) social sanctions

xviii. Francis E. Merill said social stratification as? (a) social

differentiation (b) political institution (c) social action (d) social
sanctions

xix. Society is divided in to how many classes? (a) two (b) three (c)
four (d) five

xx. Division of society on the basis of economic or social traits is

called? (a) social stratification (b) social group (c) social action (d)
sanction
xxi. Bradari is based on? (a) education (b) occupation (c) blood
relations (d) political background

xxii. What is social mobility? Discuss its causes.

xxiii. Explain types of social mobility with examples from

Pakistani society.

xxiv. What is social change also explain causes of social change.

xxv. Write a note on factors of resisting social change.

xxvi. Define social change according to Merrill? OR what do you

mean by social change?

xxvii. Please explain factors or causes of social change?

xxviii. Please explain factors resisting to social change?

xxix. Explain relationship between social and cultural change.

xxx. Change in customs and traditions is called? (a) social

change (b) real culture (c) ideal culture (d) cultural change

xxxi. Conversion of towns into big cities is called? (a) social

change (b) cultural change (c) migration (d) emigration

xxxii. Change in population growth rate is a? (a) social change (b)

culture (c) group (d) none

xxxiii. One of the main cause of change in society is? (a)

education (b) roads (c) shopping malls (d) buildings

Answers:
1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (c)
6. (b)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. (c)
10. (b)
11. (b)
12. (c)
13. (a)
14. (b)
15. (c)
16. (b)
17. (c)
18. (a)
19. (b)
20. (c)
21. (c)
22. (b)
23. (a)
24. (a)
25. (a)
26. (a)
27. (a)
28. (a)
 29. (a)
30. (a)

Section B (Marks 50)

Q.2 (a) Attempt any FIFTEEN parts. The answer to each part should
not exceed 3 to 4 lines.

i. Define social institution.

ii. Define nuclear family.

iii. Define joint family.

iv. Explain problems of educational institutions.

v. Differentiate institution and group.

vi. Please write down elements of social institution?

vii. Please write down important functions of social institution?

viii. Define family.

ix. What are the elements of family?

x. Please write down names of family types?

xi. What do you mean by conjugal family?

xii. Please write down important functions of family?

xiii. What is education?

xiv. What do you mean by educational institution?

xv. Please write down important functions of education?

xvi. What is extended family?

xvii. What is formal education?

xviii. Define religion?

xix. Explain elements of religion?

xx. Differentiate between formal and informal education.

xxi. Explain major religions of the world.

xxii. What is informal education?

xxiii. What are aims of education?

(b) Attempt any ONE Part.

(1x5=5)

Section C (Marks 30)

Note: Attempt any THREE Questions.

All questions carry equal marks. (3x10 = 30)

3. What are the major functions of economic institutions?

4. What is social mobility? Explain its types.
5. Explain determinants of social stratification.
6. What is social change? Explain its factors.