COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Bachelor of Science in Information Systems

Course Number: CC 106 Instructor: Jeffrey S. Frasco, MIT

Course Application Development & Mobile No.: 09429170551
Description: Emerging Technologies
Credit Units: 3 Email Add.: jeffreyfrasco14gmail.com
Module No.: 2
Duration: 2 Weeks

I. LEARNING OUTCOMES

After reading this module, you are expected to:

1. discuss the concepts of emerging technology;

2. name and discuss some examples of emerging technologies;
3. discuss the development of emerging technologies;
4. identify some software development technologies;
5. identify the trending software courses/technologies in 2020; and
6. identify some hardware development technologies.

II. TOPIC

Hardware and Software Emerging Technologies

1. What is Emerging Technology?
2. Examples of Emerging Technologies
3. Development of Emerging Technologies
4. Software Development Technologies
5. Trending Software Courses/Technologies in 2020
6. Hardware Development Technology

III. REFERENCE

 https://www.igi-global.com/book/emerging-technologies-applications-data-processing/
218130. Accessed: August 2021
 https://sites.google.com/view/woykszwdzx/application-development-and-emerging-
technologies-syllabus-pdf. Accessed: August 2021
 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0778/18d3119f6eed0432134175afd34727fad20d.pdf.
Accessed: August 2021

IV. COURSE CONTENT

WHAT IS EMERGING TECHNOLOGY?

 Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new technology, but it

may also refer to the continuing development of an existing technology.

 it can have slightly different meaning when used in different areas, such as media,
business, science, or education.

 The term commonly refers to technologies that are currently developing, or that are
expected to be available within the next five to ten years, and is usually reserved for
technologies that are creating, or are expected to create, significant social or
economic effects.

 The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

CC 106 – Application Development & Emerging Technologies 1

 EXAMPLES OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

 EMR HEALTH

 Electronic medical records (EMRs) are a digital version of the paper charts in
the clinician’s office. An EMR contains the medical and treatment history of
the patients in one practice. EMRs have advantages over paper records. For
example, EMRs allow clinicians to:

 Track data over time

 Easily identify which patients are due
for preventive screenings or checkups
 Check how their patients are doing on
certain parameters—such as blood
pressure readings or vaccinations
 Monitor and improve overall quality of
care within the practice
Photo credit: https://archer-soft.com/blog/importance-
 But the information in EMRs doesn’t healthcare-
travel easily out of the practice. In fact,
the patient’s record might even have to be printed out and delivered by mail
to specialists and other members of the care team. In that regard, EMRs are
not much better than a paper record.

 AUTONOMOUS CARS

 An autonomous car is a vehicle capable of sensing its environment and

operating without human involvement. A human passenger is not required to
take control of the vehicle at any time, nor is a human passenger required to
be present in the vehicle at all. An autonomous car can go anywhere a
traditional car goes and do everything that an experienced human driver
does.
 The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
currently defines 6 levels of driving
automation ranging from Level 0 (fully manual)
to Level 5 (fully autonomous). These levels have
been adopted by the U.S. Department of
Transportation.

 BIOCOMPUTING

 They are systems of biologically derived

molecules, such as DNA and proteins, to perform
computational calculations involving storing,
retrieving, and processing data. A biocomputer
consists of a pathway or series of metabolic
pathways involving biological materials that are
engineered to behave in a certain manner based
upon the conditions (input) of the system. Picture:
mi2G based DNA & neuron biocomputer

 3D DISPLAYS

 3D displays create the illusion of depth by

presenting a different image to each eye

 AGRICULTURAL ROBOT

 A robot deployed for agricultural purposes

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  Harvest Automation, Inc. is a robotics startup founded by several former
iRobot employees. Their first robot is targeted at the floriculture industry and
is designed to move potted plants on nursery container farms, an application
currently done by hand.

 COMPUTER-GENERATED HOLOGRAM

 A holographic image can be generated e.g., by

digitally computing a holographic interference
pattern and printing it onto a mask or film for
subsequent illumination by suitable coherent
light source.

 AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE

 Electronic environments that are sensitive

and responsive to the presence of people
 Any immersive, personalized, context-
aware and anticipatory characteristics
brings up societal, political and cultural
concerns about the loss of privacy, as soon
as any third party gets control over the
respective information and status data.

 TELEMEDICINE

 Use of telecommunication and information

technologies to provide clinical health care at
a distance

 ARTIFICIAL BRAIN

 Waterloo researchers create world's largest

functioning model of the brain Thursday,
November 29, 2012

 SEMANTIC WEB

 Semantic Web aims at converting the current web dominated by unstructured

and semi-structured documents into a "web of data".

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  The original 2001 Scientific American article by Berners- Lee described an
expected evolution of the existing Web to a Semantic Web, but this has yet to
happen. In 2006, Berners-Lee and colleagues stated that: "This simple idea...
remains largely unrealized.”

 Semantic Web ‘I have a dream for the Web [in

which computers] become capable of analyzing all
the data on the Web – the content, links, and
transactions between people and computers. A
"Semantic Web", which should make this possible,
has yet to emerge, but when it does, the day-to-
day mechanisms of trade, bureaucracy and our
daily lives will be handled by machines talking to
machines. The "intelligent agents" people have
touted for ages will finally materialize.’

 CYBERNETICS

 Artificial intelligence (AI) was founded as a distinct discipline at a 1956

conference. After some uneasy coexistence, AI gained funding and
prominence. Consequently, cybernetic sciences such as the study of neural
networks were downplayed; the discipline shifted into the world of social
sciences and therapy.
 It’s a system being analyzed is involved in a closed signaling loop; that is,
where action by the system generates some change in its environment and
that change is reflected in that system in some manner (feedback) that
triggers a system change, originally referred to as a "circular causal"
relationship
 The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society (1950)

 RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID)

 Radio Frequency Identification

 use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio-
frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a
tag attached to an object, for the purposes of automatic
identification and tracking

 3D PRINTING

 3D printing is an innovative technology that lets you

create a physical object from a digital model. All you
need to do is make a design, transfer the file to a 3D
printer, then bring your object to life. The 3D
printing process was devised in the 1980s and was
initially called 'rapid prototyping'.

 BIOMETRICS
 refers to the identification of humans by their
characteristics or traits. Biometrics is used in computer
science as a form of identification and access control
 a number of recognition and authentication systems
based on biometric measurements have been proposed.
Algorithms and sensors have been developed to acquire
and process many different biometric traits.

DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

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  As innovation drives economic growth, and large economic rewards come from new
inventions, a great deal of resources (funding and effort) go into the development of
emerging technologies. Some of the sources of these resources are described below:

 TWO FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION

1. Interconnectedness and interdependence between technologies and
society
2. the capacity to transform

 It could be based on:

 Sector – use of booking software for taxis; or
 Society could be ubiquity of smart devices

 Some Examples of Revolutions:

 (1600 – 1740) Financial-agricultural revolution

 (1780 – 1840) Industrial revolution
 (1870 – 1920) Technical revolution
 1940 – 1970) Scientific Technical revolution
 (1985 – present) information and telecommunications revolution

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES

 SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY
 A general term covering the development methods, programming languages,
and tools to support them that may be used in the development of software.

 ARDUINO IDE

Syntax of Arduino Sketch:

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
}

 setup: It is called only when the Arduino is powered on or reset. It is used

to initialize variables and pin modes

 loop: The loop functions runs continuously till the device is powered off.
The main logic of the code goes here. Similar to while (1) for micro-
controller programming

 PinMode

A pin on Arduino can be set as input or output by using pinMode function.

pinMode (13, OUTPUT); // sets pin 13 as output pin
pinMode (13, INPUT); // sets pin 13 as input pin

 Reading/writing digital values

digitalWrite (13, LOW); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13, 0V

digitalWrite (13, HIGH); // Makes the output voltage on pin 13, 5V
int buttonState = digitalRead (2); // reads the value of pin 2 in buttonState

 Reading/Writing Analog Values

analogRead (A0); // used to read the analog value from the pin A0
analogWrite (2,128);

 ADC Example Sketch:

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 // These constants won't change. They're used to give names to the pins
used:
const int analogInPin = A0; // Analog input pin that the potentiometer is
attached to
const int analogOutPin = 9; // Analog output pin that the LED is attached to

int sensorValue = 0; // value read from the pot

int outputValue = 0; // value output to the PWM (analog out)

void setup() {
// initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
// read the analog in value:
sensorValue = analogRead(analogInPin);
// map it to the range of the analog out:
outputValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
// change the analog out value:
analogWrite(analogOutPin, outputValue);

// print the results to the serial monitor:

Serial.print("sensor = " );
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.print("\t output = ");
Serial.println(outputValue);

// wait 2 milliseconds before the next loop

// for the analog-to-digital converter to settle
// after the last reading:
delay(2);
}

 PROGRAMMING IN RASPBERRY PI

1. Python (Primary programming language)

2. Java
3. C/C++
4. HTML5J
5. JavaScript
6. Scratch (Mathematical and computational concepts)
7. JQuery (JavaScript library)
8. Perl
9. Erlang

TRENDING SOFTWARE COURSES / TECHNOLOGIES IN 2020

 AMAZON WEB SERVICES(AWS)

 Amazon Web Services (AWS) a cloud computing platform which provides

the mix of services such as IaaS, PaaS and SaaS which helps in cloud
infrastructure, Platform, and Software. This secure cloud services platform
helps your business grow by providing the power, database storage and
content delivery. AWS Cloud Service Platform is launched in the year 2002 by
Amazon.com. Amazon built this platform to handle its own retail application.
Our AWS training program helps you to learn the important services of
AWS which IT industry is mostly using. You can also able to have a free
discussion with our AWS trainer.

 BIGDATA HADOOP

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  Apache Hadoop which is commonly called as Hadoop or Big Data Hadoop is
an open-source framework developed by Apache Software Foundation. Big
Data Hadoop is a trending field in Information Technology, even NDTV news
states that Big Hadoop Jobs are in High demand. Companies like HCL,
Amazon, IBM are among the top recruiters of Big

 BigData Developer Skills

 The skills that companies are expecting from a Hadoop developer is as
follows,
 Apache Hadoop
 Apache Spark
 Machine Learning
 General Purpose Programming Languages

 DATASCIENCE

 Data Science is the hottest field in the Information Technology today. To

become a data scientist, you need to be highly qualified and must have in-
depth knowledge of Mathematics & statistics, Programming skills and
Business knowledge. As programming skills, a Data Scientist must have
knowledge of Python, Java, C/C++, Big Data Hadoop, SQL. To be more
statistical Data Science is ranked as No.1 in the 50 Best Jobs by the survey
posted by Glassdoor.

 ANGULAR & NODE JS

 Angular2+ is the latest version which overcomes few issues of AngularJS

namely Angular 1. It is easy to build a web-based application with the help of
this Angular platform. This whole series of Javascript frameworks
from AngularJS and Angular 2+ delegates the developers to create the web-
based application which suits for Mobile, Web and for the desktop.
Learning Angular with complete knowledge in Javascript will help you to
develop your career from the basic level to the advanced level web developer.
Most of the companies around have started to shift their web development
projects in Angular series.

 For Your Information, here are the Top 10 Apps/Websites Developed

with Angular
1. The Guardian
2. Paypal
3. jetBlue
4. Lego
5. iStock Photo
6. Upwork
7. Netflix
8. Freelancer
9. Weather
10. Youtube for PS3

 What is Node Js?

 Node Js is a cross-platform runtime environment which is designed for

developing Networking & Server-Side applications. This open source server
framework uses an event-driven, non-blocking IO model which makes it
lightweight and efficient. To be simple; Node Js = Runtime Environment +
Javascript Library Using Node Js
 Easily create Dynamic Page content.
 Read, Write, Delete, Open the files on the server.
 In database using Node Js you can easily add, delete and modify the data.

 PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

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  Python is simple and easy to learn high-level programming language which is
also object-oriented like Java. The easy-to-use syntax makes Python the
trending software programming language. Once you have learned it, then
definitely you'll fall in love with Python because of the features, productivity it
provides and Python had high-level build in data structure which also
combines with dynamic binding & typing makes it enchanting. Our Python
Training program in will help you to learn python from basics to advanced
topics in a practical manner.

 ANDROID APP DEVELOPMENT

 Android App Development is every green trending field in IT. To be statistical

according to the survey result from appbrain the total amount of Android app
published in PlayStore is exceeding 50,000 per month. You can create your
own Android app using different programming languages like Java, Python,
and many. Our Android app development training program will help you
to learn how to develop your own Android App from basics.

 SOFTWARE TESTING (MANUAL/AUTOMATION)

 Android App Development is every green trending field in IT. To be statistical

according to the survey result from appbrain the total amount of Android app
published in PlayStore is exceeding 50,000 per month. You can create your
own Android app using different programming languages like Java, Python,
and many. Our Android app development training program will help you
to learn how to develop your own Android App from basics.

 ASP.NET MVC

 the ASP.NET MVC is a framework which provides an alternative to the ASP.NET

Web Forms to create web applications. This MVC architecture will separate the
application into three different components such as Model, View, and
Controller. MVC standard design pattern is the lightweight framework which
is integrated with the ASP.NET features. Developer have huge benefit in
creating the web pages in MVC framework, because it makes the development
easier by splitting the application. To be statistical according to build with
trend there are 757,533 active websites using ASP.NET MVC &
1,553,653 websites that have used ASP.NET MVC. If this much number
of websites are using ASP.NET MVC then think about the opportunities
available for an MVC developer.

 VUE.JS

 Vue.js is an open-source model–view–view model JavaScript framework for

building user interfaces and single-page applications. It was created by Evan
You and is maintained by him and the rest of the active core team members
coming from various companies such as Netlify and Netguru.

HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGY

 Numerous technologies are advancing at an unimaginable rate and it is not possible

to cover all of them during this lesson. This lesson will focus on:

 ARDUINO

 It is a micro-computer. As any computer it has internal CPU,

RAM, IOs interface. It is used for control purposes, and for
data analysis.

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  Famous microcontroller manufacturers are MicroChip, Atmel, Intel, Analog
devices, and more.

 Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the

ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a
16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset
button.

 Open Source electronic prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use

hardware and software.

 A microcontroller board, contains on-board power supply, USB port to

communicate with PC, and an Atmel microcontroller chip. It simplifies the
process of creating any control system by providing the standard board that
can be programmed and connected to the system without the need to any
sophisticated PCB design and implementation.

 It is an open source hardware; any one can get the details of its design and
modify it or make his own one
himself.

 ARDUINO UNO BOARD

 DIGITAL OR ANALOG?

 All physical quantities are analog. Analog means that the quantity can
take any value between its minimum value and maximum value. Digital
means that the quantity can take specific levels of values with specific
offset between each other.
 Ex: 1- Digital: English alpha consists of 26 letters, there is no letter
between A and B. - Square waves are Digital.
 Ex.: 2- Analog: Temperature, can take any value [-1, 12.8, 25.002 … etc.].
- Sine waves are analog.

 SENSORS

 A device that transforms the physical quantity into electrical value.

Ex.: Light sensor transduce the light into change in voltage or
resistance.

 Light sensors

1. Photo-Resistor [photo-cell]
 The value of the resistance
depends on the incident light
density.
 1 K-Ohm at light, 10 K-Ohm at
darkness.

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 2. Photo-Diode
 The current is controlled by the
incident light density.

3. Photo-Transistor
 Base-emitter junction is
controlled by the incident
light density, has an
amplification effect.

 Analog to Digital Conversion

 What is analog?
 It is continuous range of voltage values (not just 0 or 5V)

 Why convert to digital?

 Because our microcontroller only understands digital.

 ADC in Arduino

 The Arduino Uno board contains 6 pins for ADC

 10-bit analog to digital converter
 This means that it will map input voltages between 0 and 5 volts into
integer values between 0 and 1023

 RASPBERRY PI

 What is Raspberry Pi?

 The Pi is a tiny computer about the size of a credit-card, the board

features a processor, RAM and typical hardware ports you find with most
computers.

 Arduino Vs Raspberry PI

 Arduino is a micro-controller. Micro-controller is a simple computer that

can run one program at a time, over and over again. It is very easy to use.
 Raspberry Pi is a general-purpose computer (Mini PC), usually with a Linux
operating system, and the ability to run multiple programs. It is more
complicated to use than an Arduino.

 What would I use each for?

 Arduino is best used for simple repetitive tasks: opening and closing a
garage door, reading the outside temperature and reporting it to Twitter,
driving a simple robot.
 Raspberry Pi is best used when you need a full-fledged computer: driving a
more complicated robot, performing multiple tasks, doing intense
calculations (as for Bitcoin or encryption)

 How to decide between the 2 when am working on project?

 If you can describe it with less than two ‘and’s, get an Arduino. If you need
more than two ‘and’s, get a Raspberry Pi

CC 106 – Application Development & Emerging Technologies 10

  Preparing the SD card

1. Download RPI OS (Raspbian recommended)

2. Unzip the file that you just downloaded
3. Download the Win32DiskImager software
4. Writing Raspbian to the SD card
5. Booting your Raspberry Pi for the first time
6. On first boot you will come to the Raspi-config window
 Default username: pi
 Default password: raspberry

 Static IP address

 The following is done over SSH, but you could just as well plug your Pi into
a monitor, hook up a keyboard and mouse, and use the Terminal instead.
Start by editing the dhcpcd.conf file sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

 You’ll need to edit the numbers in the

snippet so they match your network
configuration

 Enable ssh Enter sudo raspi-config in

the terminal, first select Interfacing
options, then navigate to ssh, press
Enter and select Enable or disable ssh
server

 LAMP stack is a group of open source software

used to get web servers up and running. The
acronym stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and
PHP. Since the virtual private server is already
running Ubuntu, the Linux part is taken care of.

 Install LAMP
 We recommend this script to easily install the full LAMP without extra-
command lines 23
 https://github.com/ihebBenSalem/LampRapberryPI2-3

 INTELLIGENT SENSORS AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

 Opportunities in:
1. Medical Instrumentation
2. Factory & Office Automation
3. Automotive & Transportation
4. Telecommunications
5. Structural Fatigue Monitoring

 Typical Examples:

 Cell Phones and Mobile Networking.

 Multi-Criterion, Multi-Path, Robotic SoS.
 Bridges & structural monitoring-seismic measurements/simulations.
 Wide-range motion tracking system for augmented reality applications.
 Gait analysis for athletics, neurological exams, knee replacements, cardio-
vascular health, etc.
 Hand gesture recognition (with acceleration sensing glove) in medical
virtual reality (VR) surgery didactic and training applications.
 Machinery operation monitoring system.

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  Inventory & status check on factory floors.
 Monitoring & control of refrigeration in grocery stores.
 Impact measuring for transit audit trail of cargo in freight industry.
 Oil-field pipeline equipment-continuous unattended health monitoring.
Measurement-while-drilling surveying system.
 Inertial navigation/global position system for control feedback in driverless
agricultural equipment.
 Drive-through automobile service stations- check fluids & servicing needs
while refueling or washing vehicle.

 INTELLIGENT CARS AND SMART HIGHWAYS

 Typical Examples

 Safety Critical Systems (e.g. Anti-Lock Braking

Systems).
 Electronic Stability Control.
 Rollover Prevention.
 Autonomous Predictive Cruise Control.
 Intelligent Speed Adaptation.
 Lane-change assist.
 Child safety seats to prime airbags based on the child’s weight.
 Drowsy driver detection & prevention.
 Drunk driver detection & prevention.
 Integrated Safety Management.

 Study: Intelligent Cars Could Boost Highway Capacity by 273%

 Tue, September 04, 2012 IEEE Spectrum Inside Technology

 Highway Capacity Benefits from Using Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

and Sensors for Collision Avoidance, by Patcharinee Tientrakool, Ya-Chi Ho,
and Nicholas F. Maxemchuk from Columbia University, was presented last
year at the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference.

 TELE-HEALTH (WIRELESS HEALTHCARE)

 Typical Examples:

 Wearable Sensors for monitoring vital body signals: Heart rate, blood
pressure, blood sugar level, cholesterol levels, etc.
 Wireless interface for data transfer to PC, cellphone, doctor’s office with
real-time indication of any abnormal behavior and recommended action.
 Kiosks with real-time capability to monitor vital body signs and interact
with individual as well as doctor’s office.
 Provide real-time vital body signs information to coaches in deciding
whether to leave a player in or pull him out (e.g., basketball, football,
boxing and other endurance sports).
 Wirelessly monitor condition of vehicles (tire pressure, engine heat, rpm,
etc.,) to determine servicing schedule.

 MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS)

 What is MEMS?

 Imagine a machine so small that it is imperceptible to the human eye.

 Imagine working machines with gears no bigger than a grain of pollen.
 Imagine these machines being batch fabricated tens of thousands at a
time, at a cost of only a few pennies each.
 Imagine a realm where the world of design is turned upside down, and the
seemingly impossible suddenly becomes easy – a place where gravity and
inertia are no longer important, but the effects of atomic forces and
surface science dominate.

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  MEMS THE ENGINE OF INNOVATION AND NEW ECONOMIES

 “These micromachines have the potential to revolutionize the world the

way integrated circuits did”. - Linton Salmon, National Science Foundation

 “Micromachining technology has the potential to change the world in some

very important ways, many of which are not possible to foresee at this
time, in the same way that standard IC technology has so revolutionized
our lives and economies”. – Ray Stata, Chairman and CEO, Analog
Devices, Inc.

 MEMS TECHNOLOGY

 Creates Integrated Electromechanical Systems that merge computing with

sensing and actuation.
 Mechanical components have dimensions in microns and numbers in
millions.
 Uses materials and processes of semiconductor electronics.
 Wide applications in commercial, industrial and medical systems:
o Automobiles
o Wearable Sensors to Monitor Vital Biological Functions
o Cell Phones
o Printers
o GPS/Navigation Systems

 Key Characteristics: Miniaturization (small size and weight), Multiplicity

(batch processing), Microelectronics, Small Cost, High Reliability.

 Application of MEMS

o Inertial Measurement:
 Automotive Safety
 Aircraft Navigation
 Platform Stabilization
 Personal/Vehicle Navigation

o Distributed Sensing and Control:

 Condition-Based Maintenance
 Situational Awareness
 Miniature Analytic Instruments
 Environmental Monitoring
 Biomedical Devices
 Active Structures

o Information Technology:
 Mass Data Storage & Displays
o Automotive:
 Yaw Sensors
 Gyroscopes
 Accelerometers
 Airbag Sensors

o Industrial:
 Factory Automation
 Office Automation
 Process Control

o Telecommunications:
 Antenna Stabilization
 GPS/Navigation
 Wireless Communication
 Monitoring, comparing, optimizing.

o Medical:
 Blood Analysis
 DNA Analysis

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  Virtual Reality

 ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION

 Expected Advances:

 Advances in artificial intelligence and soft computing techniques (artificial

neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, etc.,) will permit robots
and advanced machines to better deal with chaos and uncertainty.
 Intelligent sensors, actuators and signal processing will provide robots and
machines with unprecedented capabilities and accuracies.
 Advances in wireless sensor networks and system of systems technologies
will allow robots and machines to work in teams to accomplish higher level
tasks.

 Typical Applications:

 Robotic system of systems applications:

o Search and rescue
o Search and destroy
o Fire detection and prevention
o Biological threat detection
o Chemical spill/threat detection
 Medical instrumentation
 Assistive and rehabilitative applications 2012 — MARS CURIOSITY
 Home automation and applications
 Factory and industrial automation

1956 —Those were the days!

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