Question Bank

Mathematics Paper-6
Numerical Analysis
Unit – I:
Polynomial interpolation: Finite differences – definition and
properties of δ, Δ, ∇ and E, relations between them – nth
differences of a polynomial, factorial notations, separation of
symbols, divided differences - forward, backward difference
tables-problems. Polynomial interpolation - Newton-Gregory
forward and backward interpolation formulas, Gauss’s Forward
and backward interpolation formulas, Lagrange interpolation
polynomial, Newton’s divided differences and Newton’s general
interpolation formula (Discussion on setting up the polynomials,
differences between them and problems on their applications).
2 Marks:

1. Prove that  =  2 .
 2  3  2 x4 
2. Evaluate (1)  E  x (2)  3 
   Ex 
3. Prove that  =  − .
4. Prove that E = E .
5. Show that ∆3 𝑦0 = 𝑦3 − 3𝑦2 + 3𝑦1 − 𝑦0 .
6. Find the nth difference of (i) eax+b (ii)sin(ax+b)
7. Express f ( x) = 3x3 + x 2 + x + 1 in factorial form.
8. Express f ( x) = x 4 − 5x3 + 3x + 4 in factorial form.
9. Write the Lagrange’s interpolation formula.
10.If u0 = 3, u1 = 12, u2 = 81, u3 = 200, u4 = 100, u5 = 8
Find the value of 6u0 .
11.Prove that ∆ log 𝑥 = log 𝑥 (1 + ℎ).
∆ 𝑥
12.If  (1 +  x)(1 − 2 x)(1 + 4 x) = −144for h = 1,find 
3

13.Construct a forward difference table for the data

x 1 2 3 4 5

f(x) 1 8 27 64 125

and extend to x=6.

 14.Express f ( x) = 3x 2 + 2 x + 5 in factorial form.
15.Find the missing term from the table
x 0 1 2 3 4

y 1 3 9 - 81

16.Write the Newton Gregory forward interpolation

formula
17.From a divided difference table with arguments
2,4,9,10 for the function f ( x) = x3 − 2 x
18.Find a polynomial of degree three which takes the
values
x 3 4 5 6 7

f(x) 6 24 60 120 210

19.If 3x 2 + 4 x + 7 is the first difference of a polynomial f(x)

find its original polynomial.

20.Find x when 𝑦 = 7 using Lagrange’s inverse

interpolation formula from the data
x 1 3 4

y 4 12 19

5 Marks:

1. Show that 𝑦3 = 𝑦0 + 3∆𝑦0 + 3∆2 𝑦0 + ∆3 𝑦0 .

2. The values of sin(x) are given below for different values
of x. Find the value of sin320
x 30 0 350 400 450

y = sin( x) 0.500 0.5736 0.6428 0.7071

 3. Evaluate y = e2 x for x=0.05 from the following table
using Newton’s Gregory forward interpolation formula
x 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

y = e2 x 1.000 1.22214 1.4918 1.8221 2.255

4. Using Newton’s divided difference formula estimate

f(15) from the following table
x 4 5 7 10 11 13

f(x) 48 100 294 900 1210 2028

5. Using Lagrange’s formula of interpolation find f(6)

from the following data
x 3 7 9 10
y = f ( x) 168 120 72 63

Unit – II:
Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Formula for
derivatives (till second order) based on Newton-Gregory forward
and backward interpolations (Derivations and problems based on
them). Numerical Integration - General quadrature formula,
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 rule, Simpson’s 3/8 rule and
Weddle’s rule (derivations for only general quadrature formula,
trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3 rule and problems on the
applications of all formulas).
2 Marks:
3
dx
1. Obtain an approximate value of  1+ x
0
by Simpson’s

1/3 rule by taking two sub intervals.

b

2. Write the trapezoidal rule for finding  f ( x)dx .

a
6
dx
3. Evaluate 
0
1 + x 2 by Simpson’s 3/8 rule
 3
dx
4. Evaluate  (1 + x )
0
2 Simpson’s 3/8th rule

5. Write the formula for finding the second derivative using

forward differences.
6. Given
x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

f(x) 1 1.2114 1.4918 1.8221 2.2255 2.7183

1
evaluate ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 using Trapezoidal rule.
𝑥 +𝑛ℎ
7. Write the Trapezoidal rule for finding ∫𝑥 0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.
0
1 𝑥 +𝑛ℎ
8. Write the Simpson’s 3 𝑟𝑑 rule for finding ∫𝑥 0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 .
0
3 𝑥 +𝑛ℎ
9. Write the Simpson’s 8 𝑡ℎ rule for finding ∫𝑥 0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0
𝑥0 +𝑛ℎ
10.Write the Weddle’s rule for finding ∫𝑥0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.
11.Write the formula for finding the first derivative using forward

differences.
12.Given
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

f(x) 1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0588 0.0385 0.0270

6
evaluate ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 using Trapezoidal rule.
5 Marks:

1. Find f ( x ) from the following data

x 1 3 6 10 13

f(x) 3 31 223 1011 1343

dy d2y
2. Find and 2 at x=1 from the following
dx dx
x 1 2 3 4 5

y 0 6 24 60 120

dy
3. Find
dx at x=51 from the following data
 x 50 60 79 80 90

y 19.96 36.65 58.81 77.21 94.61

dy d2y
4. Find and 2 at x=2.2 from the following
dx dx
x 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2

y 4.0552 4.9530 6.0496 7.3891 9.0250

dy d2y
5. Find and 2 at x=0 from the following
dx dx
x 0 1 2 3 4 5

y 4 8 15 7 6 2

dy d2y
6. Find and at x=54 from the following
dx dx 2
x 50 51 52 53 54

y 3.6840 3.7084 3.7325 3.7563 3.7798

6
dx
7. Taking h=1 and using Simpson’s 1/3 rule find  1+ x
0
2

correct to 4 decimal places.

5.2
8. Find the value of ∫4 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 taking n=6 and h=0.2
correct to four decimal places by Trapezoidal rule.

1
9. Taking h=1 and using Simpson’s 3/8 rule find ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
correct to 4 decimal places.
6 1
10.Taking h=1 and using Weddle’s rule find ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥
correct to 4 decimal places.
5.2
11.Calculate ∫4 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 correct to four decimal places by
using Weddle’s rule.
12.Taking h=1 and using Simpson’s 1/3 rule find
6 1
∫0 (1+𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 correct to 3 decimal places.
Unit – III
Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Solutions to
algebraic and transcendental equations -Bisection method,
Regula-Falsi method, iterative method, Newton-Raphson method
and secant method (with geometrical representation) Initial value
problem: Solutions of initial problems for ordinary linear first
order differential equation by Taylor’s series, Euler’s modified
method and Runge Kutta fourth ordered method.
2 Marks

1. State method of successive bisection.

2. Find a root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 using bisection
method in 2 stages.
3. Find a root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 log 𝑒 𝑥 − 12 = 0 using
bisection method in 2 stages.
4. Give geometrical interpretation of Regula - Falsi method.
5. Find first approximation root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 −
1 = 0 by Regula - Falsi method.
3
6. Find first approximation value of √37 using Newton-Raphson
method.
1
7. Using Newton Raphson method find , √𝑁, where N is the
𝑁
positive integer.
𝑑𝑦
8. Find y(0.1) given = 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 with y(0) = 1, h = 0.1 using
𝑑𝑥
Euler’s modified method.
9. Write the formula for Runge-Kutta method of 4th order.
10. Use Taylor’s series method to find y at x = 0.1, given 𝑦 ′ =
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 with y(0) = 1, upto 2nd degree.
11. Give geometrical meaning of Euler’s method.
𝑑𝑦
12. Using Euler’s method solve = 𝑥 + 𝑦 with
𝑑𝑥
𝑦(0) = 1 upto 3rd approximation of y for x = 1, h = 0.1.
13. Write the formula for Euler’s modified method.
14. Write iterative formula for Newton-Raphson method.
15. Write formula for Range-Kutta 4th order method.

5 Marks
1. Find a root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 using bisection
method to four stages.
2. Solve 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 1 = 0 correct to three decimal places in the
interval [2,3] by using bisection method.
3. Use the bisection method in three stages to find the real
root of the equation 𝑥 log10 𝑥 − 102 = 0
4. Solve 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 by Regula - Falsi method upto 3
decimal places.
5. Use the Regula - Falsi method to find the fourth root of 12.
Perform 4 iterations.
6. Find a real root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 9 = 0 correct to
three decimal places which lies between 2.5 and 3 using
Regula - Falsi method.
7. Find a real root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 1 lies in the
interval (0, 1). Perform four iterations of the secant method.

8. Find the root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 1 = 0 near x=3 correct

to three places of decimals using Newton - Raphson method.
3
9. Use Newton - Raphson method to find the value of √37
correct to 3 decimal places.
10. Show that a root of the equation 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 − 11 = 0 lies
between 1 and 2 using Newton-Raphson method up to 3
iterations only.
1
11. Show that the iterative formula to find is 𝑥𝑛+1 =
√𝑁
1 1
2
(𝑥𝑁 + 𝑁𝑥 ).
𝑁
1
12. Find the value of to 3 decimal places.
√15
13. Using Taylor’s series method solve
a) 𝑦’ = 𝑥𝑦 − 1 with y(1) = 2. Find y(1.02) correct to 5
decimal places
b) 𝑦’ = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 1 with y(0) = 1. Find y(0.1) correct to 5
decimal places
14. Using Euler’s method solve
a) 𝑦’ = 𝑥 + 𝑦 , 𝑦(0) = 1 for x=0.0(0.2)1.10
b) 𝑦’ = 𝑥𝑦 with y(0)=1. Find y(0.4)
15. Using modified Euler’s method
a) Find y(0.2) given y’ = x-𝑦 2 , y(0)=1 taking h = 0.1
b) Find y(0.1) given y’ = 𝑥 2 +y , y(0)=1 taking h = 0.05
16. Using Runge-Kutta method solve
1
a) 𝑦’ = with y(0.4)=1 at x=0.5 correct to four decimal
𝑥+𝑦
places
b) 𝑦’ = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 with 𝑦(0) = 1 for 𝑥 = 0.2(0.2)0.4
 c) 𝑦’ = 3𝑒 𝑥 + 2 with 𝑦(0) = 0 , ℎ = 0.1

Unit – IV:
System of Linear Algebraic Equations: Direct Methods – Gauss
elimination method, Gauss-Jordan elimination method and
Triangularization method; Iterative methods – Jacobi method,
Gauss-Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidal method, Successive-Over
Relaxation method (SOR). Computation of largest Eigen value of a
square matrix by power method.

2 Marks

1. Solve by Jacobi’s iteration method upto 2nd iteration.

10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑧 = −22, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = −22
2. Illustrate the Gauss-Seidel method.
3. Find 2nd approximate values of roots of using Gauss-Seidel
method.
10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12, 𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 12
4. Briefly explain the finding the largest eigen value of a square
matrix by power method.
−4 −5
5. Using power method, find the largest eigen value of ( )
1 2
do 2 steps only.
6. Solve the system of equations by Jacobi’s iteration method
5𝑥 − 𝑦 = 9, −𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 𝑧 = 4, 𝑦 − 5𝑧 = 6 upto 2nd iteration.
7. Express the following system of equations as diagonally
dominant equations 3𝑥 + 8𝑦 + 29𝑧 = 71,
83𝑥 + 11𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 95, 7𝑥 + 52𝑦 + 13𝑧 = 104.
8. Express the following system of equations as diagonally
dominant equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 54𝑧 = 110, 27𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 𝑧 = 85,
6𝑥 + 15𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 72.
9. What is Rayleigh’s power method?
5 Marks

1. Solve by Gauss-Jacobi method.

a) 10𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 12, 2𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧 = 13, 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 14
b) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 54𝑧 = 110, 27𝑥 + 64 − 𝑧 = 85, 6𝑥 + 15𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 72
2. Solve by Gauss-Seidel method
a) 10𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 + 10𝑦 − 𝑧 = −22, −2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 22
b) 20𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 28, 𝑥 + 20𝑦 + 9𝑧 = −23, 2𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 20𝑧 = −57
3. Solve Equations 3x-y+z=-1,-x+3y-z=7,x-y+3z=-7 using SOR
(Successive over-relaxation) method with Initial
values (x,y,z)=(0,0,0) and relaxation parameter w=1.25.
4. Solve Equations 4x+3y=24,3x+4y-z=30,-y+4z=-24 using SOR
(Successive over-relaxation) method with Initial
values (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (0,0,0) and relaxation parameter w=1.25.
5. Solve Equations 5x+y=10,2x+3y=4 using SOR (Successive
over-relaxation) method with Initial values (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) =
(0,0,0) and relaxation parameter w=1.25.
6. Solve Equations 10x+2y-z=7,x+8y+3z=-4,-2x-y+10z=9 using
SOR (Successive over-relaxation) method with Initial
values (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (0,0,0) and relaxation parameter w=1.25.
1 2
7. Find the largest eigen value of the matrix 𝐴 = ( ).
3 4
1 6 1
8. Find the largest eigen value of the matrix 𝐴 = (1 2 0).
0 0 3
9. Find the largest eigen value of the matrix
2 0 1
a) 𝐴 = (0 2 0)
1 0 2

25 1 2
b) 𝐴 = ( 1 3 0 )
2 0 −4
10 2 1
c) 𝐴 = ( 2 10 1 )
2 1 10
10. Solve the following system of equations using Gauss
elimination method.
x+y+z=9
2x + 5y + 7z = 52
2x + y – z = 0.
11. Solve the following linear system using the Gaussian
elimination method.
4x – 5y = -6
2x – 2y = 1.
12. Using Gauss elimination method, solve:
2x – y + 3z = 9
x+y+z=6
x – y + z = 2.
13. Solve Equations 2x+5y=21,x+2y=8 using Gauss-Jordan
Elimination method
14. Solve Equations 2x+5y=16,3x+y=11 using Gauss-Jordan
Elimination method.
15. Solve Equations 2x+5y=21,x+2y=8 using Gauss-Jordan
Elimination method
16. Solve Equations 2x+3y-z=5,3x+2y+z=10,x-5y+3z=0
using Gauss-Jordan Elimination method