PHYSICS PROJECT REPORT
HOLLOW PRISM
NAME:
CLASS: XII-M.P.C
CONTENTS
▪ CERTIFCATE…………………………………………………
▪ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………
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▪ AIM……………………………………………………………
▪ APPARTUS…………………………………………………
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▪ THEORY………………….
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▪ PRECEDURE…………………………………………………
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▪ OBSERVATIONS……………………………………………
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▪ CONCLUSION………………………………………………
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▪ PRECAUTIONS……………………………………………
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▪ BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………
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➢ CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the physics project
titled “HOLLOW PRISM” has been
successfully completed by
to Physics
department of and
was carried under guidance and
supervision during the academic year
2024-2025. This project is a bonafide
piece of work carried out with the
consultation of supervisor.
External Signature Internal Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I place my sincere thanks to my
physics teachers Mr. CH.V. Ravi Kumar
and T.V. Pavan Kumar for his guidance
and advices to complete my work
successfully. I also thank our principal
Mrs. Vineela forproviding me all the
facilities to finishthe project on time.
I also take this opportunity to place
on record my deep gratitude to my
sister for helping me throughout this
project .
Last but not least I thank my
parents for their encouragement and
support in my humble venture.
AIM
To find out refractive indexes of different
mediums using hollow prism.
APPARATUS
Hollow Glass Prism
Varios liquids like water, carbon disulphide,
benzaldehyde etc.
Bell pins
Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a transparent
optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that
refract light. Prisms can be
made from any material
that is transparent
including glass, plastic and
fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into
its constituent spectral
colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.
The refractive index of the liquid
Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure
Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of
drawing pins.
Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal PQ
and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight line.
Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.
Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all the
4 pins appear to be in same line.
Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.
Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of
incidence.
Observations
Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45
U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504
Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28
U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30
U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room temperature:
Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.
Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and
incident ray.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) www.scribd.com
2) www.wikipedia.com
3) Physics NCERT class XII
