School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
There are 7 Containerization Technology are their , which are listed below :
1.Docker .
2.RKT.
3.LXC .
4.Cri-O.
5.Podman.
6.RUNC.
7.ContainerD.
1.Docker :
Features :-
Simplifies container management with an intuitive CLI and API.
Multi-stage builds for efficient image creation.
Centralized container image repository via Docker Hub.
Supports orchestration using Docker Swarm and Kubernetes.
Rich plugin ecosystem for networking and storage.
Architecture :-
Docker uses a client-server model. The Docker client interacts with the Docker daemon,
which manages the containers. The daemon uses containerd and runc to execute containers.
PRN: 20220801121 1
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Market Share: 80%
Working Model:
1. Build: Create container images using a Dockerfile.
2. Ship: Push images to a registry (Docker Hub, private registries).
3. Run: Deploy containers across different environments.
2.RKT :
Features :-
Security-first design with SELinux, gVisor, and isolation capabilities.
Daemonless operation, reducing overhead and simplifying integration.
Fully compliant with Open Container Initiative (OCI) standards.
Systemd integration for process management.
Architecture :-
PRN: 20220801121 2
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
RKT operates without a centralized daemon. It uses a single-binary execution model and
relies on Linux process management tools like systemd.
Market Share: 2% (declining after Red Hat acquisition).
Working Model:
1. Pull OCI-compliant images from a registry.
2. Launch containers as systemd-managed processes.
3.LXC :
Features :-
Provides OS-level virtualization using Linux kernel namespaces and cgroups.
Lightweight and resource-efficient.
Supports running an entire Linux distribution within a container.
CLI tools for easy management of containers.
Architecture :-
LXC containers directly leverage kernel-level features to isolate processes. Each container is
a process within the host operating system.
PRN: 20220801121 3
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Market Share: 5% .
Working Model:
1. Containers are created and managed using LXC tools.
2. Each container operates as an isolated Linux environment.
4.Cri-O :
Features :-
Native container runtime for Kubernetes using the CRI (Container Runtime Interface).
Lightweight and efficient for Kubernetes deployments.
Fully supports OCI-compliant container images.
PRN: 20220801121 4
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Integrates seamlessly with Kubernetes orchestration.
Architecture :-
CRI-O acts as a bridge between Kubernetes and low-level container runtimes like runc.
Market Share: 4% .
Working Model:
1. Kubernetes schedules a container via the CRI.
2. CRI-O uses runc to start and manage the container.
PRN: 20220801121 5
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
5.Podman :
Features :-
Rootless container management for enhanced security.
No central daemon; containers run as individual processes.
Docker CLI compatible, simplifying migration.
Built-in support for container pods and networking.
Architecture :-
Podman uses a process-based model instead of a centralized daemon.
PRN: 20220801121 6
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Market Share: 5% (increasing).
Working Model:
1. Create and manage containers using Podman CLI.
2. Containers run as isolated processes under the user account.
6.RUNC :
Features :-
PRN: 20220801121 7
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Low-level runtime for creating and running OCI-compliant containers.
Lightweight and portable with minimal dependencies.
Direct interaction with the Linux kernel for container execution.
Highly modular for integration into container platforms like Docker and Kubernetes.
Architecture :-
runc interacts directly with the Linux kernel to execute containers.
Market Share: 1% (used as a component in larger platforms).
Working Model:
PRN: 20220801121 8
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
1. Reads container specifications from an OCI JSON file.
2. Creates and runs containers via kernel interfaces.
7.ContainerD :
Features :-
API-driven container runtime with robust support for container lifecycle management.
Manages container images, storage, and networking.
Acts as a backend runtime for Docker and Kubernetes.
Fully compliant with OCI container image and runtime standards.
Architecture :-
Containerd is a daemon-based runtime that interfaces with low-level runtimes like runc.
PRN: 20220801121 9
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Market Share: 8%
Working Model:
1. Manages container lifecycle and storage.
2. Acts as a backend runtime for Kubernetes and Docker.
Comparison Table :
Market
Technology Features Architecture Working Model Primary Use Cases
Share (%)
Rich ecosystem, Microservices,
Docker Client-server 80% Build, ship, run
ease of use CI/CD
RKT Security-focused Single-binary, no 2% Trusted container High-security
1
PRN: 20220801121
0
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
Market
Technology Features Architecture Working Model Primary Use Cases
Share (%)
daemon execution systems
OS-level Lightweight Linux Hosting, multi-
LXC Kernel-based 5%
virtualization OS containers tenant apps
Kubernetes
Kubernetes- Daemon for OCI
CRI-O 4% container Kubernetes
native runtime runtimes
execution
Rootless, Secure container Secure multi-user
Podman Daemonless 5%
daemonless execution environments
Low-level
OCI-compliant Kernel Custom platforms,
runc 1% container
runtime interaction runtimes
execution
Robust, API- API-based runtime Kubernetes, Docker
containerd Daemon-based 8%
driven management integration
1
PRN: 20220801121
1
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
1
PRN: 20220801121
2
School of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications(SCSEA)
B.C.A. TY (CCSA)
Subject : Containers and Orchestration (A)
Name of the Student: Prakhar Anil Sharma PRN: 20220801121
Case Study 2 : Study Various Containerization Technology and
Compare their Features, Architecture, Market Share and
Working Model
1
PRN: 20220801121
3
