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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

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General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

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* 3 5 3 9 3 7 7 5 9 2 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/22
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2011
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. For Examiner’s Use
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question. Section A

B6

B7

B8

B9

Total

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (NF/CGW) 34310/2
© UCLES 2011 [Turn over
 2

Section A For
Examiner’s
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. Use

The total mark for this section is 45.

A1 Choose from the following list of elements to answer the questions below.

calcium
chlorine
hydrogen
iodine
nickel
sodium
vanadium
zinc

Each element can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Which element

(a) forms an oxide which is amphoteric,

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) is a catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes,

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) oxidises aqueous bromide ions to bromine,

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) is used in water purification to kill bacteria,

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) is formed at the cathode when a dilute aqueous solution of sodium chloride is
electrolysed,

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) can be used in the sacrificial protection of iron?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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A2 Pure oxygen for industrial use is obtained from the air. For
Examiner’s
(a) (i) State the percentage by volume of oxygen in clean air. Use

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Explain how fractional distillation is used to obtain oxygen from the air.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) When acetylene, C2H2, burns in oxygen it produces a very hot flame.
State one industrial use for this oxyacetylene flame.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Acetylene has a triple covalent bond between its carbon atoms.
Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for acetylene.
You need only show the outer electrons.

[1]

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(d) Oxygen reacts with magnesium to form magnesium oxide. For

Draw diagrams to show the complete electronic structure and charges of both ions Examiner’s
present in magnesium oxide. Use

[2]

(e) Oxygen, O2, in the atmosphere can react to form ozone, O3.

(i) Write an equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) In the upper atmosphere there is a layer of ozone surrounding the Earth.
Explain the importance of this layer in terms of human health.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 9]

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A3 The alkanes are an homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula For
CnH2n+2. Examiner’s
Use

(a) What do you understand by the term hydrocarbon?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Write the molecular formula for the alkane containing seven carbon atoms.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Two different structural formulae can be written for the alkane having the molecular
formula C4H10.

H C H
H H H H H H

H C C C C H H C C C H

H H H H H H H

butane methylpropane

What term is given to compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae?

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) A student ignites a mixture of 15 cm3 of propane and 100 cm3 of oxygen. The oxygen is
in excess. All measurements of volume are taken at room temperature and pressure.

C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Calculate

the volume of carbon dioxide formed,

.............................................................................................................................. cm3 [1]

the volume of unreacted oxygen remaining.

...............................................................................................................................cm3 [1]

(e) Explain why the incomplete combustion of an alkane in an enclosed space is

hazardous.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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A4 Coal is largely carbon. For

Examiner’s
(a) Carbon burns in excess air to form carbon dioxide. Use

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = –393.5 kJ / mol

(i) Draw an energy profile diagram for this reaction on the axes below.
On your diagram label

• the reactants and products

• the enthalpy change for the reaction
• the activation energy

enthalpy

reaction pathway
[3]

(ii) Give a test for carbon dioxide.

test ...........................................................................................................................

observation .......................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) Coal contains a small amount of sulfur. For

Examiner’s
(i) Explain how the burning of coal results in the formation of acid rain. Use

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) State one effect of acid rain.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Oxides of nitrogen also contribute to acid rain. They can be formed naturally in the
atmosphere from nitrogen and oxygen.

(i) What condition is needed to allow nitrogen and oxygen to combine in the
atmosphere?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Nitric acid in the atmosphere can chemically erode buildings made from carbonate
rocks.
Write an equation for the reaction of nitric acid, HNO3, with calcium carbonate,
CaCO3.

[2]

[Total: 12]

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A5 Bromine is a halogen. It has two naturally-occurring isotopes. For

Examiner’s
(a) Define the term isotopes. Use

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) One isotope of bromine has the symbol 81Br.

35

State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in this isotope of bromine.

protons ............................

neutrons ..........................

electrons ......................... [2]

(c) Bromine is a liquid at room temperature.

(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the molecules in liquid bromine.

Show a bromine molecule as z .

[2]

(ii) A small amount of liquid bromine was placed in the bottom of a sealed flask. After
thirty minutes the brown colour of the bromine had spread throughout the flask.

air
liquid bromine

start after 30 minutes

Use the kinetic particle theory to explain these observations.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]
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(d) Bromine forms a variety of compounds with other halogens. For

Examiner’s
(i) Bromine reacts with fluorine to form bromine(I) fluoride, BrF. Use

Write an equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Another compound of bromine and fluorine is bromine(V) fluoride, BrF5.

Calculate the percentage of bromine by mass in bromine(V) fluoride.

[2]

[Total: 11]

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Section B For
Examiner’s
Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided. Use

The total mark for this section is 30.

B6 Ammonia is made by the Haber process.

(a) (i) Write an equation for the formation of ammonia in the Haber process.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) State the essential conditions for the Haber process.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) Ammonia is used to make fertilisers.

Explain why farmers use fertilisers.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Many fertilisers are ammonium salts.

Explain why adding calcium hydroxide to the soil can cause the loss of nitrogen from the
ammonium salts added as fertilisers.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Fertilisers such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate are solids.
They can get into lakes and cause excessive growth of algae.

(i) Explain how these fertilisers get into lakes.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) What name is given to the enrichment of lakes with nitrates and phosphates which
leads to the death of plant and animal life in the lakes?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 10]

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B7 Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. For

Examiner’s
(a) What do you understand by the terms strong acid and weak acid ? Use

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Compare and explain the difference in the electrical conductivity between a strong and
a weak acid.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) A dilute solution of sulfuric acid contains hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions and sulfate ions.
When this solution is electrolysed, hydrogen gas is formed at the cathode and oxygen
gas is formed at the anode.

(i) Explain why hydrogen is formed at the cathode.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction at the anode.

............................................................................................................................. [2]

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(d) Magnesium reacts with dilute sulfuric acid. For

Examiner’s
Mg(s) + H2SO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + H2(g) Use

(i) Describe how you can follow the progress of this reaction.
What measurements can you use to calculate the speed of the reaction?

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) A student reacts 3.0 g of magnesium with 2.5 mol / dm3 sulfuric acid.
Calculate the minimum volume of sulfuric acid that reacts with all the magnesium.

[2]

[Total: 10]

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B8 The table gives some information about the first five members of the carboxylic acid For
homologous series. Examiner’s
Use

carboxylic acid formula boiling point / °C

methanoic acid HCO2H 101

ethanoic acid CH3CO2H 118

propanoic acid C2H5CO2H 141

butanoic acid 166

pentanoic acid C4H9CO2H

(a) (i) Estimate the boiling point of pentanoic acid.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Draw the structure of butanoic acid.

Show all atoms and bonds.

[1]

(iii) Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium.

Write an equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(b) Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters. For

Examiner’s
(i) Name the ester formed when ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol. Use

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) The diagram shows the repeat unit of poly(ethenyl ethanoate)

CH3CO

H O

C C

H H n

Draw the structure of the monomer used to make poly(ethenyl ethanoate).

[1]

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(c) Carboxylic acid X contains 55.8% carbon, 7.0% hydrogen and 37.2% oxygen. For
Examiner’s
(i) Calculate the empirical formula of X. Use

[2]

(ii) A molecule of carboxylic acid X contains four carbon atoms. What is its molecular
formula?

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(iii) Carboxylic acid X is an unsaturated compound.

Give a test for an unsaturated compound.

test ...........................................................................................................................

observation .......................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 10]

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B9 Barium is a reactive metal in Group II of the Periodic Table. For

Barium reacts with water in a similar way to sodium. The products of the reaction are aqueous Examiner’s
barium hydroxide and a colourless gas. Use

(a) (i) Write an equation, including state symbols, for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................. [3]

(ii) Aqueous barium hydroxide is neutralised by hydrochloric acid.

Write the simplest ionic equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Explain why barium metal conducts electricity.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Barium oxide reacts with aluminium.

3BaO + 2Al 3Ba + Al2O3

Explain how this equation shows that aluminium is a reducing agent.

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Barium sulfate is an insoluble compound.

Describe how a pure dry sample of barium sulfate is prepared from aqueous barium
nitrate.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

[Total:10]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2011 5070/22/O/N/11

 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

© UCLES 2011
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

5070/22/O/N/11
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

223 226 227

Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 147 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
* 58–71 Lanthanoid series
† 90–103 Actinoid series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 260
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = atomic (proton) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).