DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis Name: ________________

(To find answers refer your notes & textbook) Period: __________
Word Bank

thymine replication cytosine

phosphate group proteins identical
double helix uracil nitrogen base
two deoxyribose sugar hydrogen bonds
adenine

1. The double coiled shape of DNA is called a ____________ _______________.

2. In order for DNA to begin replication ____________ _______________

between nitrogen bases must break.

3. DNA has ________ strands.

4. DNA nucleotides consist of 3 parts:

a. _______________ _______________

b. _______________ _______________ &

c. _______________ _______________

5. Nitrogen bases in the DNA sequence code for______________________.

6. The end result of DNA replication is two _______________ double helixes.

7. In DNA, the nitrogen bases are: adenine; cytosine, guanine & ______________.

8. In RNA, the nitrogen bases are: adenine; cytosine, guanine & ______________.

9. ____________________ is the DNA process that produces a new copy of an

organism’s genetic information to pass on to a new cell.

10. Thymine forms a hydrogen bond with __________________ and guanine forms a

hydrogen bond with _______________________.

Label the diagram of DNA replication. Use the following word bank.

base pair phosphate

deoxyribose hydrogen bonds
nucleotide nitrogen base

11

12
14

15

13
16
17. The diagram below shows one side of an unzipped strand of DNA (replication). Write
the letters – A, T, C, or G – of the bases that will pair with the bases on the strand.
Some of the bases have been paired for you.

18. Write the complementary strand for the following DNA sequence (replication).

T A C G C A T T A C C G C T A T G C A T C
____________________________________________________

19. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and _____________ are the nitrogen bases
found in RNA.

_____ 20. RNA has ______ strands.

a. 4
b. 3
c. 1
d. 2

_____ 21. RNA nucleotides consist of

a. a nitrogen base only
b. a phosphate group, ribose sugar, and a nitrogen base
c. a ribose sugar and phosphate group
d. ribose sugar and hydrogen base

_____ 22. In RNA, which of the nitrogen bases does not belong?
a. guanine
b. uracil
c. thymine
d. adenine
Complete the following chart on the 3 chemical differences between DNA and RNA.
Structure DNA RNA
23. Number of
strand(s)
24. Name of Sugar
25. Names of the 4
nitrogen bases

______ 26. Turning DNA into RNA is called:

a. replication
b. transcription
c. translation
d. mutation

______ 27. Which of the following transcriptions is correct?

A. TACGACTAGATC
UUGCUGUUCUUG
B. TACGACTAGATC
ATGCTGATCTAG
C. TACGACTAGATC
CGTACGTACCGA
D. TACGACTAGATC
AUGCUGAUCUAG

______ 28. A codon is

a. a series of 3 nitrogen bases that code for an amino acid
b. a series of 4 nitrogen bases that code for an amino acid
c. a character on the TV series Star Trek
d. when you put your coat on

______ 29. Which type of RNA leaves the ribosome in search of nucleotides in the
cytoplasm and brings them back to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
a. tRNA
b. rRNA
c. mRNA
d. zRNA
30. The 3 nucleotides that tRNA find and bring back to the ribosome are called the
_____-codon.

31. The anti-codon and codon bond together by peptide bonds and form long chains of
________ ______.

Matching.
Use the key terms and match them with their definition.

a. transcription (p.
b. translation
c. tRNA
d. mRNA
e. codon

______ 32. This is a set of 3 nitrogen bases used to make amino acids.
______ 33. This happens when mRNA uses a copied DNA code to make protein.
______ 34. This brings amino acids to ribosomes.
______ 35. This carries the copied DNA code out to the cytoplasm.
______ 36. This happens when RNA unzips from the DNA code.

______ 37. A mutation is any mistake or change in the

a. RNA sequence
b. DNA sequence
c. Ribosomes
d. Nucleus

______ 38. After breaking away from the original strand of DNA during transcription,
RNA becomes which type of RNA?
a. tRNA
b. mRNA
c. rRNA
d. zRNA

______ 39. The codons of 3 nitrogen bases in the mRNA strand codes for what?
a. amino acids
b. sugars
c. fats
d. dairy
40. List the 3 different types of codons that code for stops. (HINT: if you don’t know,
use your codon chart on p. 303).
____________
____________
____________

41. When mRNA leaves the nucleus, where does it go? ____________________

On the codon chart, find the following codons and give the amino acid that the codon
codes for:

42. GCU codes for: ________________________

43. AUG codes for: ________________________ or it can act as a start codon.
44. UCU codes for: ________________________

45. How many stop codons are there on the codon chart? ________

______ 46. Translation is the process of using mRNA to make

a. DNA
b. Fats
c. RNA
d. Amino acids

Compare & Contrast DNA & RNA

Is called a nucleic acid Contains Uracil Contains Thymine

Found in the nucleus Found outside of the Pairs A-T, T-A, G-C & C-G
nucleus
Pairs A-U, T-A, G-C & C-G
Has more than one type Contains one strand of
nucleotides Contains two strands of
Contains a genetic code nucleotides
Contains Adenine,
Guanine and Cytosine
DNA Only Both DNA & RNA RNA Only