Table 1: Major Crops (Grains)

Crop Cropping Temperature Rainfall Area State Key Point

Season
Rice Kharif Required Above Northern Odisha, West Most
crop 25°C 100 cm plains, Bengal, important
northeastern Bihar, Tamil cereal crop
states, Nadu
deltaic
region
Wheat Rabi crop Cool growing 50-75 cm Ganga- Punjab, Second most
season, bright Sutlej plain, Haryana, important
sunshine black soil Uttar cereal crop
during harvest region of Pradesh,
Deccan Madhya
Pradesh
Maize Kharif 21°C to 17°C 60-110 Old alluvial Uttar Used as both
crop cm (India tracks Pradesh, food and
40 cm) Bihar, fodder
Madhya
Pradesh
Pulses Depend 25°C to 30°C Average Evenly Madhya Leguminous
on crops 45 cm distributed Pradesh, crops,
across the Rajasthan, nitrogen
country Uttar fixation,
Pradesh, largest
Karnataka producer and
consumer
(vegetarians)
Millets Kharif 21°C to 27°C Low to Dry and Maharashtra, Coarse grains
crop Moderate semi-arid Rajasthan, with high
regions Karnataka nutritional
value, staple
for dry areas
- Kharif 25°C to 30°C Moderate Rainfed Maharashtra Third most
Jowar crop (Rainfed) areas important
crop, rainfed
crop
- Kharif 25°C to 30°C Low to Sandy and Rajasthan Grows well
Bajra crop Moderate black soil on sandy and
areas black soil
- Ragi Kharif 20°C to 28°C Moderate Red, black, Karnataka Grows well in
crop sandy, and dry regions
loamy soils
Table 2: Crops Other Than Grains

Crop Cultivation Temperature Annual State Key Point

Season Rainfall
Required
Sugarcane Annual 21°-27°C (Hot 75-100 cm Uttar Main source of
& humid) Pradesh sugar, gur,
Khandsari
Oil Seeds Kharif Depends on Depends Gujarat Used as cooking
(groundnut), the crop on the crop medium, raw
Rabi (linseed and material for
mustard), Both soap, cosmetics,
(castor) and ointments
Tea Plantation 10°-30°C Above 200 Assam Frequent, evenly
cm distributed
rainfall
Coffee Plantation 23°-28°C 150-200 Karnataka Arabica variety
cm is produced in
the country
Horticulture Zaid/Any - - - Fruits and
vegetables

Table 3: Major Non-Food Crops

Crop Description Area/State Key Points

Rubber Equatorial crop, grown in tropical Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Important industrial
and subtropical areas, requires Meghalaya, Andaman raw material
moist and humid climate, rainfall and Nicobar
>250 cm
Cotton Raw material for cotton textile Maharashtra, Madhya Third largest producer,
industry, grows well in black soil, Pradesh, Gujarat bright sunshine
high temperature, low rainfall, 210
frost-free days
Jute Known as Golden Fibre, grows in - Used for mats, ropes,
high temperature and well-drained carpets; losing market
fertile soil of flood plains to synthetic fiber
(nylon)
Silk Cocoons of silkworms fed on - Natural fiber crop
mulberry leaves (Sericulture)